diff --git a/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/dcel.rs b/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/dcel.rs
index 4b0a430..5224f75 100644
--- a/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/dcel.rs
+++ b/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/dcel.rs
@@ -989,10 +989,33 @@ impl Dcel {
                         let t1 = hit.t1;
                         let t2 = hit.t2.unwrap_or(0.5);
 
-                        // Check if intersection is close to a shared endpoint vertex.
-                        // This handles edges that share a vertex and run nearly
-                        // parallel near the junction — the intersection finder can
-                        // report a hit a few pixels from the shared vertex.
+                        // Skip crossings near a shared endpoint vertex.  After
+                        // splitting at a crossing, the sub-curves can still graze
+                        // each other near the shared vertex.  Detect this by
+                        // checking whether the t-value on each edge places the
+                        // hit near the endpoint that IS the shared vertex.
+                        // Requires both edges to be near the shared vertex —
+                        // a T-junction has the hit near the stem's endpoint but
+                        // interior on the bar, so it won't be skipped.
+                        let near_shared = shared.iter().any(|&sv| {
+                            let a_near = if verts_a[0] == sv {
+                                t1 < 0.05
+                            } else {
+                                t1 > 0.95
+                            };
+                            let b_near = if verts_b[0] == sv {
+                                t2 < 0.05
+                            } else {
+                                t2 > 0.95
+                            };
+                            a_near && b_near
+                        });
+                        if near_shared {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        // Also skip if spatially close to a shared vertex
+                        // (catches cases where t-based check is borderline).
                         let close_to_shared = shared.iter().any(|&sv| {
                             let sv_pos = self.vertex(sv).position;
                             (hit.point - sv_pos).hypot() < 2.0
@@ -2557,6 +2580,13 @@ impl Dcel {
         v_keep: VertexId,
         v_remove: VertexId,
     ) {
+        // If snap_vertex already merged these during split_edge, they're the
+        // same vertex.  Proceeding would call free_vertex on a live vertex,
+        // putting it on the free list while edges still reference it.
+        if v_keep == v_remove {
+            return;
+        }
+
         let keep_pos = self.vertices[v_keep.idx()].position;
 
         // Re-home half-edges from v_remove → v_keep, and fix curve endpoints
diff --git a/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/lib.rs b/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/lib.rs
index 70b8848..fc7a3cb 100644
--- a/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/lib.rs
@@ -46,3 +46,6 @@ pub mod clipboard;
 pub mod region_select;
 pub mod dcel;
 pub mod snap;
+
+#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+pub mod test_mode;
diff --git a/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/test_mode.rs b/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/test_mode.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae88c54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/test_mode.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+//! Debug test mode data types — input recording, panic capture & visual replay.
+//!
+//! All types are gated behind `#[cfg(debug_assertions)]` at the module level.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::path::Path;
+
+/// Serializable 2D point (avoids needing kurbo serde dependency)
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct SerPoint {
+    pub x: f64,
+    pub y: f64,
+}
+
+impl From<vello::kurbo::Point> for SerPoint {
+    fn from(p: vello::kurbo::Point) -> Self {
+        Self { x: p.x, y: p.y }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<SerPoint> for vello::kurbo::Point {
+    fn from(p: SerPoint) -> Self {
+        vello::kurbo::Point::new(p.x, p.y)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<egui::Vec2> for SerPoint {
+    fn from(v: egui::Vec2) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            x: v.x as f64,
+            y: v.y as f64,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Serializable modifier keys
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct SerModifiers {
+    pub ctrl: bool,
+    pub shift: bool,
+    pub alt: bool,
+}
+
+/// All recordable event types — recorded in clip-local document coordinates
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub enum TestEventKind {
+    MouseDown { pos: SerPoint },
+    MouseUp { pos: SerPoint },
+    MouseDrag { pos: SerPoint },
+    MouseMove { pos: SerPoint },
+    Scroll { delta_x: f32, delta_y: f32 },
+    KeyDown { key: String, modifiers: SerModifiers },
+    KeyUp { key: String, modifiers: SerModifiers },
+    ToolChanged { tool: String },
+    ActionExecuted { description: String },
+}
+
+/// A single timestamped event
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct TestEvent {
+    pub index: usize,
+    pub timestamp_ms: u64,
+    pub kind: TestEventKind,
+}
+
+/// Initial state snapshot for deterministic replay
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct CanvasState {
+    pub zoom: f32,
+    pub pan_offset: (f32, f32),
+    pub selected_tool: String,
+    pub fill_color: [u8; 4],
+    pub stroke_color: [u8; 4],
+    pub stroke_width: f64,
+    pub fill_enabled: bool,
+    pub snap_enabled: bool,
+    pub polygon_sides: u32,
+}
+
+/// A complete test case (saved as pretty-printed JSON)
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct TestCase {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub description: String,
+    pub recorded_at: String,
+    pub initial_canvas: CanvasState,
+    pub events: Vec<TestEvent>,
+    pub ended_with_panic: bool,
+    pub panic_message: Option<String>,
+    pub panic_backtrace: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl TestCase {
+    /// Create a new empty test case with the given name and canvas state
+    pub fn new(name: String, initial_canvas: CanvasState) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            name,
+            description: String::new(),
+            recorded_at: chrono::Local::now().format("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S").to_string(),
+            initial_canvas,
+            events: Vec::new(),
+            ended_with_panic: false,
+            panic_message: None,
+            panic_backtrace: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Save to a JSON file
+    pub fn save_to_file(&self, path: &Path) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+        if let Some(parent) = path.parent() {
+            std::fs::create_dir_all(parent)?;
+        }
+        let json = serde_json::to_string_pretty(self)
+            .map_err(|e| std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::Other, e))?;
+        std::fs::write(path, json)
+    }
+
+    /// Load from a JSON file
+    pub fn load_from_file(path: &Path) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
+        let json = std::fs::read_to_string(path)?;
+        serde_json::from_str(&json)
+            .map_err(|e| std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::Other, e))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/main.rs b/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/main.rs
index 8f6752b..09876f8 100644
--- a/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/main.rs
+++ b/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/main.rs
@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ use effect_thumbnails::EffectThumbnailGenerator;
 mod custom_cursor;
 mod debug_overlay;
 
+#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+mod test_mode;
+
 mod sample_import;
 mod sample_import_dialog;
 
@@ -175,10 +178,57 @@ fn main() -> eframe::Result {
         ..Default::default()
     };
 
+    // Test mode: install panic hook for crash capture (debug builds only)
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    let test_mode_panic_snapshot: std::sync::Arc<std::sync::Mutex<Option<lightningbeam_core::test_mode::TestCase>>> =
+        std::sync::Arc::new(std::sync::Mutex::new(None));
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    let test_mode_pending_event: std::sync::Arc<std::sync::Mutex<Option<lightningbeam_core::test_mode::TestEvent>>> =
+        std::sync::Arc::new(std::sync::Mutex::new(None));
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    let test_mode_is_replaying: std::sync::Arc<std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool> =
+        std::sync::Arc::new(std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool::new(false));
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    let test_mode_panic_snapshot_for_app = test_mode_panic_snapshot.clone();
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    let test_mode_pending_event_for_app = test_mode_pending_event.clone();
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    let test_mode_is_replaying_for_app = test_mode_is_replaying.clone();
+
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    {
+        let panic_snapshot = test_mode_panic_snapshot.clone();
+        let pending_event = test_mode_pending_event.clone();
+        let is_replaying = test_mode_is_replaying.clone();
+        let test_dir = directories::ProjectDirs::from("", "", "lightningbeam")
+            .map(|dirs| dirs.data_dir().join("test_cases"))
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| std::path::PathBuf::from("test_cases"));
+
+        let default_hook = std::panic::take_hook();
+        std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |info| {
+            let msg = if let Some(s) = info.payload().downcast_ref::<&str>() {
+                s.to_string()
+            } else if let Some(s) = info.payload().downcast_ref::<String>() {
+                s.clone()
+            } else {
+                format!("{}", info)
+            };
+            let backtrace = format!("{}", std::backtrace::Backtrace::force_capture());
+            test_mode::TestModeState::record_panic(&panic_snapshot, &pending_event, &is_replaying, msg, backtrace, &test_dir);
+            default_hook(info);
+        }));
+    }
+
     eframe::run_native(
         "Lightningbeam Editor",
         options,
-        Box::new(move |cc| Ok(Box::new(EditorApp::new(cc, layouts, theme)))),
+        Box::new(move |cc| {
+            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+            let app = EditorApp::new(cc, layouts, theme, test_mode_panic_snapshot_for_app, test_mode_pending_event_for_app, test_mode_is_replaying_for_app);
+            #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
+            let app = EditorApp::new(cc, layouts, theme);
+            Ok(Box::new(app))
+        }),
     )
 }
 
@@ -793,6 +843,10 @@ struct EditorApp {
 
     /// Custom cursor cache for SVG cursors
     cursor_cache: custom_cursor::CursorCache,
+    /// Debug test mode (F5) — input recording, panic capture & visual replay
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    test_mode: test_mode::TestModeState,
+
     /// Debug overlay (F3) state
     debug_overlay_visible: bool,
     debug_stats_collector: debug_overlay::DebugStatsCollector,
@@ -817,7 +871,14 @@ enum ImportFilter {
 }
 
 impl EditorApp {
-    fn new(cc: &eframe::CreationContext, layouts: Vec<LayoutDefinition>, theme: Theme) -> Self {
+    fn new(
+        cc: &eframe::CreationContext,
+        layouts: Vec<LayoutDefinition>,
+        theme: Theme,
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)] panic_snapshot: std::sync::Arc<std::sync::Mutex<Option<lightningbeam_core::test_mode::TestCase>>>,
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)] pending_event: std::sync::Arc<std::sync::Mutex<Option<lightningbeam_core::test_mode::TestEvent>>>,
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)] is_replaying: std::sync::Arc<std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool>,
+    ) -> Self {
         let current_layout = layouts[0].layout.clone();
 
         // Disable egui's "Unaligned" debug overlay (on by default in debug builds)
@@ -992,6 +1053,10 @@ impl EditorApp {
             export_orchestrator: None,
             effect_thumbnail_generator: None, // Initialized when GPU available
 
+            // Debug test mode (F5)
+            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+            test_mode: test_mode::TestModeState::new(panic_snapshot, pending_event, is_replaying),
+
             // Debug overlay (F3)
             cursor_cache: custom_cursor::CursorCache::new(),
             debug_overlay_visible: false,
@@ -4653,6 +4718,17 @@ impl eframe::App for EditorApp {
             return;
         }
 
+        // Test mode sidebar (debug builds only) — must be before CentralPanel
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        let test_mode_replay = test_mode::render_sidebar(ctx, &mut self.test_mode);
+        // Apply tool changes from replay
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        if let Some(ref tool_name) = test_mode_replay.tool_change {
+            if let Some(tool) = test_mode::parse_tool(tool_name) {
+                self.selected_tool = tool;
+            }
+        }
+
         // Main pane area (editor mode)
         let mut layout_action: Option<LayoutAction> = None;
         let mut clipboard_consumed = false;
@@ -4678,6 +4754,10 @@ impl eframe::App for EditorApp {
             let mut pending_enter_clip: Option<(Uuid, Uuid, Uuid)> = None;
             let mut pending_exit_clip = false;
 
+            // Synthetic input from test mode replay (debug builds only)
+            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+            let mut synthetic_input_storage: Option<test_mode::SyntheticInput> = test_mode_replay.synthetic_input;
+
             // Queue for effect thumbnail requests (collected during rendering)
             let mut effect_thumbnail_requests: Vec<Uuid> = Vec::new();
             // Empty cache fallback if generator not initialized
@@ -4779,6 +4859,10 @@ impl eframe::App for EditorApp {
                 region_select_mode: &mut self.region_select_mode,
                 pending_graph_loads: &self.pending_graph_loads,
                 clipboard_consumed: &mut clipboard_consumed,
+                #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+                test_mode: &mut self.test_mode,
+                #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+                synthetic_input: &mut synthetic_input_storage,
             };
 
             render_layout_node(
@@ -4826,6 +4910,10 @@ impl eframe::App for EditorApp {
 
             // Execute all pending actions (two-phase dispatch)
             for action in pending_actions {
+                // Record action for test mode (debug builds only)
+                #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+                let action_desc = action.description();
+
                 // Create backend context for actions that need backend sync
                 if let Some(ref controller_arc) = self.audio_controller {
                     let mut controller = controller_arc.lock().unwrap();
@@ -4844,6 +4932,13 @@ impl eframe::App for EditorApp {
                     // No audio system available, execute without backend
                     let _ = self.action_executor.execute(action);
                 }
+
+                #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+                self.test_mode.record_event(
+                    lightningbeam_core::test_mode::TestEventKind::ActionExecuted {
+                        description: action_desc,
+                    },
+                );
             }
 
             // Process menu actions queued by pane context menus
@@ -4993,6 +5088,23 @@ impl eframe::App for EditorApp {
             }
         });
 
+        // Record tool changes for test mode (debug builds only)
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        {
+            // Use a simple static to track previous tool for change detection
+            use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU8, Ordering};
+            static PREV_TOOL: AtomicU8 = AtomicU8::new(255);
+            let tool_byte = self.selected_tool as u8;
+            let prev = PREV_TOOL.swap(tool_byte, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            if prev != tool_byte && prev != 255 {
+                self.test_mode.record_event(
+                    lightningbeam_core::test_mode::TestEventKind::ToolChanged {
+                        tool: format!("{:?}", self.selected_tool),
+                    },
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
         // Escape key: revert uncommitted region selection
         if !wants_keyboard && ctx.input(|i| i.key_pressed(egui::Key::Escape)) {
             if self.region_selection.is_some() {
@@ -5009,6 +5121,15 @@ impl eframe::App for EditorApp {
             self.debug_overlay_visible = !self.debug_overlay_visible;
         }
 
+        // F5 test mode toggle (debug builds only)
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        if ctx.input(|i| i.key_pressed(egui::Key::F5)) {
+            self.test_mode.active = !self.test_mode.active;
+            if self.test_mode.active {
+                self.test_mode.refresh_test_list();
+            }
+        }
+
         // Clear the set of audio pools with new waveforms at the end of the frame
         // (Thumbnails have been invalidated above, so this can be cleared for next frame)
         if !self.audio_pools_with_new_waveforms.is_empty() {
@@ -5121,6 +5242,12 @@ struct RenderContext<'a> {
     pending_graph_loads: &'a std::sync::Arc<std::sync::atomic::AtomicU32>,
     /// Set by panes when they handle Ctrl+C/X/V internally
     clipboard_consumed: &'a mut bool,
+    /// Test mode state for event recording (debug builds only)
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    test_mode: &'a mut test_mode::TestModeState,
+    /// Synthetic input from test mode replay (debug builds only)
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    synthetic_input: &'a mut Option<test_mode::SyntheticInput>,
 }
 
 /// Recursively render a layout node with drag support
@@ -5615,6 +5742,10 @@ fn render_pane(
                 editing_parent_layer_id: ctx.editing_parent_layer_id,
                 pending_enter_clip: ctx.pending_enter_clip,
                 pending_exit_clip: ctx.pending_exit_clip,
+                #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+                test_mode: ctx.test_mode,
+                #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+                synthetic_input: ctx.synthetic_input,
             };
             pane_instance.render_header(&mut header_ui, &mut shared);
         }
@@ -5698,6 +5829,10 @@ fn render_pane(
                 editing_parent_layer_id: ctx.editing_parent_layer_id,
                 pending_enter_clip: ctx.pending_enter_clip,
                 pending_exit_clip: ctx.pending_exit_clip,
+                #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+                test_mode: ctx.test_mode,
+                #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+                synthetic_input: ctx.synthetic_input,
             };
 
             // Render pane content (header was already rendered above)
diff --git a/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/panes/mod.rs b/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/panes/mod.rs
index cb7bb07..e6d1a6b 100644
--- a/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/panes/mod.rs
+++ b/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/panes/mod.rs
@@ -246,6 +246,12 @@ pub struct SharedPaneState<'a> {
     /// Set by panes (e.g. piano roll) when they handle Ctrl+C/X/V internally,
     /// so main.rs skips its own clipboard handling for the current frame
     pub clipboard_consumed: &'a mut bool,
+    /// Test mode state for event recording (debug builds only)
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    pub test_mode: &'a mut crate::test_mode::TestModeState,
+    /// Synthetic input from test mode replay (debug builds only)
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    pub synthetic_input: &'a mut Option<crate::test_mode::SyntheticInput>,
 }
 
 /// Trait for pane rendering
diff --git a/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/panes/stage.rs b/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/panes/stage.rs
index db2c292..4ad8361 100644
--- a/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/panes/stage.rs
+++ b/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/panes/stage.rs
@@ -2074,6 +2074,18 @@ pub struct StagePane {
     dcel_editing_cache: Option<DcelEditingCache>,
     // Current snap result (for visual feedback rendering)
     current_snap: Option<lightningbeam_core::snap::SnapResult>,
+    /// Synthetic drag/click override for test mode replay (debug builds only)
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    replay_override: Option<ReplayDragState>,
+}
+
+/// Synthetic drag/click state injected during test mode replay
+#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct ReplayDragState {
+    pub drag_started: bool,
+    pub dragged: bool,
+    pub drag_stopped: bool,
 }
 
 /// Cached DCEL snapshot for undo when editing vertices, curves, or control points
@@ -2136,9 +2148,64 @@ impl StagePane {
             last_viewport_rect: None,
             dcel_editing_cache: None,
             current_snap: None,
+            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+            replay_override: None,
         }
     }
 
+    /// Check if a drag started, respecting replay override
+    fn rsp_drag_started(&self, response: &egui::Response) -> bool {
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        if let Some(ref o) = self.replay_override { return o.drag_started; }
+        response.drag_started()
+    }
+
+    /// Check if dragging, respecting replay override
+    fn rsp_dragged(&self, response: &egui::Response) -> bool {
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        if let Some(ref o) = self.replay_override { return o.dragged; }
+        response.dragged()
+    }
+
+    /// Check if drag stopped, respecting replay override
+    fn rsp_drag_stopped(&self, response: &egui::Response) -> bool {
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        if let Some(ref o) = self.replay_override { return o.drag_stopped; }
+        response.drag_stopped()
+    }
+
+    /// Check if clicked (a click is a drag_started + drag_stopped in the same spot),
+    /// respecting replay override
+    fn rsp_clicked(&self, response: &egui::Response) -> bool {
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        if let Some(ref o) = self.replay_override { return o.drag_started; }
+        response.clicked()
+    }
+
+    /// Check if primary mouse button was just pressed this frame,
+    /// respecting replay override
+    fn rsp_primary_pressed(&self, ui: &egui::Ui) -> bool {
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        if let Some(ref o) = self.replay_override { return o.drag_started; }
+        ui.input(|i| i.pointer.primary_pressed())
+    }
+
+    /// Check if any pointer button was released this frame,
+    /// respecting replay override (returns the synthetic drag_stopped during replay)
+    fn rsp_any_released(&self, ui: &egui::Ui) -> bool {
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        if let Some(ref o) = self.replay_override { return o.drag_stopped; }
+        ui.input(|i| i.pointer.any_released())
+    }
+
+    /// Check if primary pointer button is currently held down,
+    /// respecting replay override
+    fn rsp_primary_down(&self, ui: &egui::Ui) -> bool {
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        if let Some(ref o) = self.replay_override { return o.dragged || o.drag_started; }
+        ui.input(|i| i.pointer.primary_down())
+    }
+
     /// Convert a document-space position to clip-local coordinates when editing inside a clip.
     /// Returns the position unchanged when at root level.
     fn doc_to_clip_local(&self, doc_pos: egui::Vec2, shared: &SharedPaneState) -> egui::Vec2 {
@@ -2330,7 +2397,7 @@ impl StagePane {
 
         // Mouse down: start interaction (check on initial press, not after drag starts)
         // Scope this section to drop vector_layer borrow before drag handling
-        let mouse_pressed = ui.input(|i| i.pointer.primary_pressed());
+        let mouse_pressed = self.rsp_primary_pressed(ui);
         if mouse_pressed {
             // VECTOR EDITING: Check for vertex/curve editing first (higher priority than selection)
             let tolerance = EditingHitTolerance::scaled_by_zoom(self.zoom as f64);
@@ -2462,7 +2529,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         }
 
         // Mouse drag: update tool state
-        if response.dragged() {
+        if self.rsp_dragged(response) {
             match shared.tool_state {
                 ToolState::PendingCurveInteraction { edge_id, parameter_t, start_mouse } => {
                     // Drag detected — transition to curve editing
@@ -2492,8 +2559,8 @@ impl StagePane {
         }
 
         // Mouse up: finish interaction
-        let drag_stopped = response.drag_stopped();
-        let pointer_released = ui.input(|i| i.pointer.any_released());
+        let drag_stopped = self.rsp_drag_stopped(response);
+        let pointer_released = self.rsp_any_released(ui);
         let is_pending_curve = matches!(shared.tool_state, ToolState::PendingCurveInteraction { .. });
         let is_drag_or_marquee = matches!(shared.tool_state, ToolState::DraggingSelection { .. } | ToolState::MarqueeSelecting { .. });
         let is_vector_editing = matches!(shared.tool_state, ToolState::EditingVertex { .. } | ToolState::EditingCurve { .. } | ToolState::EditingControlPoint { .. });
@@ -2941,7 +3008,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         );
 
         // Mouse down: start interaction (check on initial press, not after drag starts)
-        let mouse_pressed = ui.input(|i| i.pointer.primary_pressed());
+        let mouse_pressed = self.rsp_primary_pressed(ui);
         if mouse_pressed {
             // Priority 1: Vector editing (control points, vertices, and curves)
             if let Some(hit) = vector_hit {
@@ -2966,7 +3033,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         }
 
         // Mouse drag: update tool state
-        if response.dragged() {
+        if self.rsp_dragged(response) {
             match shared.tool_state {
                 ToolState::EditingVertex { .. } | ToolState::EditingCurve { .. } | ToolState::EditingControlPoint { .. } => {
                     // Vector editing - update happens in helper method
@@ -2977,8 +3044,8 @@ impl StagePane {
         }
 
         // Mouse up: finish interaction
-        let drag_stopped = response.drag_stopped();
-        let pointer_released = ui.input(|i| i.pointer.any_released());
+        let drag_stopped = self.rsp_drag_stopped(response);
+        let pointer_released = self.rsp_any_released(ui);
         let is_vector_editing = matches!(shared.tool_state, ToolState::EditingVertex { .. } | ToolState::EditingCurve { .. } | ToolState::EditingControlPoint { .. });
 
         if drag_stopped || (pointer_released && is_vector_editing) {
@@ -3104,7 +3171,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         let point = self.snap_point(Point::new(world_pos.x as f64, world_pos.y as f64), shared);
 
         // Mouse down: start creating rectangle (clears any previous preview)
-        if response.drag_started() || response.clicked() {
+        if self.rsp_drag_started(response) || self.rsp_clicked(response) {
             *shared.tool_state = ToolState::CreatingRectangle {
                 start_point: point,
                 current_point: point,
@@ -3114,7 +3181,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         }
 
         // Mouse drag: update rectangle
-        if response.dragged() {
+        if self.rsp_dragged(response) {
             if let ToolState::CreatingRectangle { start_point, .. } = shared.tool_state {
                 *shared.tool_state = ToolState::CreatingRectangle {
                     start_point: *start_point,
@@ -3126,7 +3193,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         }
 
         // Mouse up: create the rectangle shape
-        if response.drag_stopped() || (ui.input(|i| i.pointer.any_released()) && matches!(shared.tool_state, ToolState::CreatingRectangle { .. })) {
+        if self.rsp_drag_stopped(response) || (self.rsp_any_released(ui) && matches!(shared.tool_state, ToolState::CreatingRectangle { .. })) {
             if let ToolState::CreatingRectangle { start_point, current_point, centered, constrain_square } = shared.tool_state.clone() {
                 // Calculate rectangle bounds in world space
                 let (min_x, min_y, max_x, max_y) = if centered {
@@ -3237,7 +3304,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         let point = self.snap_point(Point::new(world_pos.x as f64, world_pos.y as f64), shared);
 
         // Mouse down: start creating ellipse (clears any previous preview)
-        if response.drag_started() || response.clicked() {
+        if self.rsp_drag_started(response) || self.rsp_clicked(response) {
             *shared.tool_state = ToolState::CreatingEllipse {
                 start_point: point,
                 current_point: point,
@@ -3247,7 +3314,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         }
 
         // Mouse drag: update ellipse
-        if response.dragged() {
+        if self.rsp_dragged(response) {
             if let ToolState::CreatingEllipse { start_point, .. } = shared.tool_state {
                 *shared.tool_state = ToolState::CreatingEllipse {
                     start_point: *start_point,
@@ -3259,7 +3326,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         }
 
         // Mouse up: create the ellipse shape
-        if response.drag_stopped() || (ui.input(|i| i.pointer.any_released()) && matches!(shared.tool_state, ToolState::CreatingEllipse { .. })) {
+        if self.rsp_drag_stopped(response) || (self.rsp_any_released(ui) && matches!(shared.tool_state, ToolState::CreatingEllipse { .. })) {
             if let ToolState::CreatingEllipse { start_point, current_point, corner_mode, constrain_circle } = shared.tool_state.clone() {
                 // Calculate ellipse parameters based on mode
                 // Note: corner_mode is true when Ctrl is NOT held (inverted for consistency with rectangle)
@@ -3361,7 +3428,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         let point = self.snap_point(Point::new(world_pos.x as f64, world_pos.y as f64), shared);
 
         // Mouse down: start creating line
-        if response.drag_started() || response.clicked() {
+        if self.rsp_drag_started(response) || self.rsp_clicked(response) {
             *shared.tool_state = ToolState::CreatingLine {
                 start_point: point,
                 current_point: point,
@@ -3369,7 +3436,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         }
 
         // Mouse drag: update line
-        if response.dragged() {
+        if self.rsp_dragged(response) {
             if let ToolState::CreatingLine { start_point, .. } = shared.tool_state {
                 *shared.tool_state = ToolState::CreatingLine {
                     start_point: *start_point,
@@ -3379,7 +3446,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         }
 
         // Mouse up: create the line shape
-        if response.drag_stopped() || (ui.input(|i| i.pointer.any_released()) && matches!(shared.tool_state, ToolState::CreatingLine { .. })) {
+        if self.rsp_drag_stopped(response) || (self.rsp_any_released(ui) && matches!(shared.tool_state, ToolState::CreatingLine { .. })) {
             if let ToolState::CreatingLine { start_point, current_point } = shared.tool_state.clone() {
                 // Calculate line length to ensure it's not too small
                 let dx = current_point.x - start_point.x;
@@ -3443,7 +3510,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         let point = self.snap_point(Point::new(world_pos.x as f64, world_pos.y as f64), shared);
 
         // Mouse down: start creating polygon (center point)
-        if response.drag_started() || response.clicked() {
+        if self.rsp_drag_started(response) || self.rsp_clicked(response) {
             *shared.tool_state = ToolState::CreatingPolygon {
                 center: point,
                 current_point: point,
@@ -3452,7 +3519,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         }
 
         // Mouse drag: update polygon radius
-        if response.dragged() {
+        if self.rsp_dragged(response) {
             if let ToolState::CreatingPolygon { center, num_sides, .. } = shared.tool_state {
                 *shared.tool_state = ToolState::CreatingPolygon {
                     center: *center,
@@ -3463,7 +3530,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         }
 
         // Mouse up: create the polygon shape
-        if response.drag_stopped() || (ui.input(|i| i.pointer.any_released()) && matches!(shared.tool_state, ToolState::CreatingPolygon { .. })) {
+        if self.rsp_drag_stopped(response) || (self.rsp_any_released(ui) && matches!(shared.tool_state, ToolState::CreatingPolygon { .. })) {
             if let ToolState::CreatingPolygon { center, current_point, num_sides } = shared.tool_state.clone() {
                 // Calculate radius
                 let dx = current_point.x - center.x;
@@ -3509,7 +3576,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         shared: &mut SharedPaneState,
     ) {
         // On click, store the screen position and color mode for sampling
-        if response.clicked() {
+        if self.rsp_clicked(response) {
             self.pending_eyedropper_sample = Some((screen_pos, *shared.active_color_mode));
         }
     }
@@ -3533,7 +3600,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         };
 
         // Mouse down: start region selection
-        if response.drag_started() {
+        if self.rsp_drag_started(response) {
             // Revert any existing uncommitted region selection
             Self::revert_region_selection_static(shared);
 
@@ -3553,7 +3620,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         }
 
         // Mouse drag: update region
-        if response.dragged() {
+        if self.rsp_dragged(response) {
             match shared.tool_state {
                 ToolState::RegionSelectingRect { ref start, .. } => {
                     let start = *start;
@@ -3574,7 +3641,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         }
 
         // Mouse up: execute region selection
-        if response.drag_stopped() {
+        if self.rsp_drag_stopped(response) {
             let region_path = match &*shared.tool_state {
                 ToolState::RegionSelectingRect { start, current } => {
                     let min_x = start.x.min(current.x);
@@ -3817,7 +3884,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         let point = Point::new(world_pos.x as f64, world_pos.y as f64);
 
         // Mouse down: start drawing path (snap the first point)
-        if response.drag_started() || response.clicked() {
+        if self.rsp_drag_started(response) || self.rsp_clicked(response) {
             let snapped_start = self.snap_point(point, shared);
             *shared.tool_state = ToolState::DrawingPath {
                 points: vec![snapped_start],
@@ -3826,7 +3893,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         }
 
         // Mouse drag: add points to path (no snapping for intermediate freehand points)
-        if response.dragged() {
+        if self.rsp_dragged(response) {
             self.current_snap = None;
             if let ToolState::DrawingPath { points, simplify_mode: _ } = &mut *shared.tool_state {
                 // Only add point if it's far enough from the last point (reduce noise)
@@ -3844,7 +3911,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         }
 
         // Mouse up: snap the last point, then complete the path and create shape
-        if response.drag_stopped() || (ui.input(|i| i.pointer.any_released()) && matches!(shared.tool_state, ToolState::DrawingPath { .. })) {
+        if self.rsp_drag_stopped(response) || (self.rsp_any_released(ui) && matches!(shared.tool_state, ToolState::DrawingPath { .. })) {
             // Snap the final point (extract last point first to avoid borrow conflict)
             let last_point = if let ToolState::DrawingPath { points, .. } = &*shared.tool_state {
                 if points.len() >= 2 { Some(*points.last().unwrap()) } else { None }
@@ -3958,7 +4025,7 @@ impl StagePane {
             return;
         }
 
-        if response.clicked() {
+        if self.rsp_clicked(response) {
             let click_point = Point::new(world_pos.x as f64, world_pos.y as f64);
             let fill_color = ShapeColor::from_egui(*shared.fill_color);
 
@@ -4448,7 +4515,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         match shared.tool_state.clone() {
             ToolState::Transforming { mode, start_mouse, original_bbox, .. } => {
                 // Drag: apply transform preview to DCEL
-                if response.dragged() {
+                if self.rsp_dragged(response) {
                     *shared.tool_state = ToolState::Transforming {
                         mode: mode.clone(),
                         original_transforms: std::collections::HashMap::new(),
@@ -4481,7 +4548,7 @@ impl StagePane {
                 }
 
                 // Release: finalize
-                if response.drag_stopped() || (ui.input(|i| i.pointer.any_released()) && matches!(*shared.tool_state, ToolState::Transforming { .. })) {
+                if self.rsp_drag_stopped(response) || (self.rsp_any_released(ui) && matches!(*shared.tool_state, ToolState::Transforming { .. })) {
                     if let Some(cache) = self.dcel_editing_cache.take() {
                         let dcel_after = {
                             let document = shared.action_executor.document();
@@ -4507,7 +4574,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         }
 
         // Idle: check for handle clicks to start a transform
-        if response.drag_started() || response.clicked() {
+        if self.rsp_drag_started(response) || self.rsp_clicked(response) {
             let tolerance = 10.0;
             if let Some(mode) = Self::hit_test_transform_handle(point, bbox, tolerance) {
                 // Snapshot DCEL for undo
@@ -4796,7 +4863,7 @@ impl StagePane {
             }
 
             // Mouse down: check if clicking on a handle
-            if response.drag_started() || response.clicked() {
+            if self.rsp_drag_started(response) || self.rsp_clicked(response) {
                 let tolerance = 10.0; // Click tolerance in world space
 
                 if let Some(mode) = Self::hit_test_transform_handle(point, bbox, tolerance) {
@@ -4833,7 +4900,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         }
 
             // Mouse drag: update current mouse position and apply transforms
-            if response.dragged() {
+            if self.rsp_dragged(response) {
                 if let ToolState::Transforming { mode, original_transforms, pivot, start_mouse, original_bbox, .. } = shared.tool_state.clone() {
                     // Update current mouse position
                     *shared.tool_state = ToolState::Transforming {
@@ -4864,7 +4931,7 @@ impl StagePane {
             }
 
             // Mouse up: finalize transform
-            if response.drag_stopped() || (ui.input(|i| i.pointer.any_released()) && matches!(shared.tool_state, ToolState::Transforming { .. })) {
+            if self.rsp_drag_stopped(response) || (self.rsp_any_released(ui) && matches!(shared.tool_state, ToolState::Transforming { .. })) {
                 if let ToolState::Transforming { original_transforms, .. } = shared.tool_state.clone() {
                     use std::collections::HashMap;
                     use lightningbeam_core::actions::TransformClipInstancesAction;
@@ -5098,8 +5165,8 @@ impl StagePane {
         }
 
         // === Mouse down: hit test handles (using the same handle positions and order as cursor logic) ===
-        let should_start_transform = (response.drag_started() || response.clicked())
-            || (matches!(*shared.tool_state, ToolState::Idle) && ui.input(|i| i.pointer.primary_down()) && response.hovered());
+        let should_start_transform = (self.rsp_drag_started(response) || self.rsp_clicked(response))
+            || (matches!(*shared.tool_state, ToolState::Idle) && self.rsp_primary_down(ui) && response.hovered());
 
         if should_start_transform && matches!(*shared.tool_state, ToolState::Idle) {
             // Check rotation handle (same as cursor logic)
@@ -5245,7 +5312,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         }
 
         // Mouse drag: apply transform in local space
-        if response.dragged() {
+        if self.rsp_dragged(response) {
             if let ToolState::Transforming { mode, original_transforms, start_mouse, current_mouse: _, .. } = shared.tool_state.clone() {
                 // Update current mouse
                 if let ToolState::Transforming { mode, original_transforms, pivot, start_mouse, original_bbox, current_mouse: _ } = shared.tool_state.clone() {
@@ -5599,7 +5666,7 @@ impl StagePane {
         }
 
         // Mouse up: finalize
-        if response.drag_stopped() || (ui.input(|i| i.pointer.any_released()) && matches!(shared.tool_state, ToolState::Transforming { .. })) {
+        if self.rsp_drag_stopped(response) || (self.rsp_any_released(ui) && matches!(shared.tool_state, ToolState::Transforming { .. })) {
             if let ToolState::Transforming { original_transforms, .. } = shared.tool_state.clone() {
                 use std::collections::HashMap;
                 use lightningbeam_core::actions::TransformClipInstancesAction;
@@ -5681,7 +5748,36 @@ impl StagePane {
         use lightningbeam_core::tool::ToolState;
         use vello::kurbo::Point;
 
-        if ui.input(|i| i.pointer.any_released()) {
+        // When replaying, skip ALL real mouse/scroll input — only synthetic events drive state
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        let is_replaying = matches!(shared.test_mode.mode, crate::test_mode::TestModeOp::Playing(_));
+        #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
+        let is_replaying = false;
+
+        // Store current input as a pending event for panic capture.
+        // If processing panics, the panic hook appends this to the saved test case.
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        if !is_replaying {
+            if let Some(mouse_pos) = ui.input(|i| i.pointer.latest_pos()) {
+                use lightningbeam_core::test_mode::{SerPoint, TestEventKind};
+                let mouse_canvas_pos = mouse_pos - rect.min;
+                let world_pos_doc = (mouse_canvas_pos - self.pan_offset) / self.zoom;
+                let wp = self.doc_to_clip_local(world_pos_doc, shared);
+                let pos = SerPoint { x: wp.x as f64, y: wp.y as f64 };
+                let kind = if ui.input(|i| i.pointer.any_released()) {
+                    TestEventKind::MouseUp { pos }
+                } else if ui.input(|i| i.pointer.primary_pressed()) && response.hovered() {
+                    TestEventKind::MouseDown { pos }
+                } else if response.dragged() || response.drag_started() {
+                    TestEventKind::MouseDrag { pos }
+                } else {
+                    TestEventKind::MouseMove { pos }
+                };
+                shared.test_mode.set_pending_event(kind);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if !is_replaying && ui.input(|i| i.pointer.any_released()) {
             match shared.tool_state.clone() {
                 ToolState::DraggingSelection { start_mouse, original_positions, .. } => {
                     // Get last known mouse position (will be at edge if offscreen)
@@ -5795,26 +5891,98 @@ impl StagePane {
             }
         }
 
-        // Only process input if mouse is over the stage pane
-        if !response.hovered() {
+        // Check for synthetic input from test mode replay (debug builds only)
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        let synthetic_input = shared.synthetic_input.take();
+
+        // Only process input if mouse is over the stage pane (or synthetic input is active)
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        let has_synthetic = synthetic_input.is_some();
+        #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
+        let has_synthetic = false;
+
+        if !response.hovered() && !has_synthetic {
             self.is_panning = false;
             self.last_pan_pos = None;
             return;
         }
 
-        let scroll_delta = ui.input(|i| i.smooth_scroll_delta);
-        let alt_held = ui.input(|i| i.modifiers.alt);
-        let ctrl_held = ui.input(|i| i.modifiers.ctrl || i.modifiers.command);
-        let shift_held = ui.input(|i| i.modifiers.shift);
+        // During replay with no synthetic event this frame, skip all input processing
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        if is_replaying && !has_synthetic {
+            return;
+        }
 
-        // Get mouse position for zoom-to-cursor
+        let scroll_delta = ui.input(|i| i.smooth_scroll_delta);
+
+        // Source input from synthetic (replay) or real UI
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        let (world_pos, alt_held, ctrl_held, shift_held, drag_started, dragged, drag_stopped) = if let Some(syn) = &synthetic_input {
+            let wp = egui::Vec2::new(syn.world_pos.x as f32, syn.world_pos.y as f32);
+            (wp, syn.alt, syn.ctrl, syn.shift, syn.drag_started, syn.dragged, syn.drag_stopped)
+        } else {
+            let alt_held = ui.input(|i| i.modifiers.alt);
+            let ctrl_held = ui.input(|i| i.modifiers.ctrl || i.modifiers.command);
+            let shift_held = ui.input(|i| i.modifiers.shift);
+            let mouse_pos = response.hover_pos().unwrap_or(rect.center());
+            let mouse_canvas_pos = mouse_pos - rect.min;
+            let world_pos_doc = (mouse_canvas_pos - self.pan_offset) / self.zoom;
+            let wp = self.doc_to_clip_local(world_pos_doc, shared);
+            (wp, alt_held, ctrl_held, shift_held, response.drag_started(), response.dragged(), response.drag_stopped())
+        };
+
+        #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
+        let (world_pos, alt_held, ctrl_held, shift_held, _drag_started, _dragged, _drag_stopped) = {
+            let alt_held = ui.input(|i| i.modifiers.alt);
+            let ctrl_held = ui.input(|i| i.modifiers.ctrl || i.modifiers.command);
+            let shift_held = ui.input(|i| i.modifiers.shift);
+            let mouse_pos = response.hover_pos().unwrap_or(rect.center());
+            let mouse_canvas_pos = mouse_pos - rect.min;
+            let world_pos_doc = (mouse_canvas_pos - self.pan_offset) / self.zoom;
+            let wp = self.doc_to_clip_local(world_pos_doc, shared);
+            (wp, alt_held, ctrl_held, shift_held, response.drag_started(), response.dragged(), response.drag_stopped())
+        };
+
+        // Record mouse events for test mode (debug builds only) — skip during replay
+        //
+        // IMPORTANT: We use `primary_pressed` (fires immediately on button down) for MouseDown
+        // instead of `drag_started` (fires after egui's drag threshold, ~6-10px of movement).
+        // The select tool hit-tests on `primary_pressed`, so we must record the position at
+        // that moment. The `drag_started` frame is recorded as MouseDrag since the press
+        // was already captured.
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        if !is_replaying {
+            use lightningbeam_core::test_mode::{SerPoint, TestEventKind};
+            let pos = SerPoint { x: world_pos.x as f64, y: world_pos.y as f64 };
+            let primary_just_pressed = response.hovered() && ui.input(|i| i.pointer.primary_pressed());
+            if primary_just_pressed {
+                shared.test_mode.record_event(TestEventKind::MouseDown { pos });
+            } else if drag_stopped {
+                // Emit a final MouseDrag at the release position to close the gap
+                // between the last drag frame and the release (the mouse moves between frames)
+                shared.test_mode.record_event(TestEventKind::MouseDrag { pos });
+                shared.test_mode.record_event(TestEventKind::MouseUp { pos });
+            } else if drag_started || dragged {
+                // drag_started after primary_pressed is just the first drag motion
+                shared.test_mode.record_event(TestEventKind::MouseDrag { pos });
+            } else if response.hovered() {
+                shared.test_mode.record_event(TestEventKind::MouseMove { pos });
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Get mouse position for zoom-to-cursor (needed for pan/zoom handling below)
         let mouse_pos = response.hover_pos().unwrap_or(rect.center());
         let mouse_canvas_pos = mouse_pos - rect.min;
 
-        // Convert screen position to world position (accounting for pan and zoom)
-        // When inside a clip, further transform to clip-local coordinates
-        let world_pos_doc = (mouse_canvas_pos - self.pan_offset) / self.zoom;
-        let world_pos = self.doc_to_clip_local(world_pos_doc, shared);
+        // Set replay override so wrapper methods return synthetic drag state
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        if synthetic_input.is_some() {
+            self.replay_override = Some(ReplayDragState {
+                drag_started,
+                dragged,
+                drag_stopped,
+            });
+        }
 
         // Handle tool input (only if not using Alt modifier for panning)
         if !alt_held {
@@ -5860,6 +6028,10 @@ impl StagePane {
             }
         }
 
+        // Clear replay override after tool dispatch
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        { self.replay_override = None; }
+
         // Delete/Backspace: remove selected DCEL elements
         if ui.input(|i| i.key_pressed(egui::Key::Delete) || i.key_pressed(egui::Key::Backspace)) {
             if shared.selection.has_dcel_selection() {
@@ -5925,57 +6097,60 @@ impl StagePane {
             }
         }
 
-        // Distinguish between mouse wheel (discrete) and trackpad (smooth)
-        let mut handled = false;
-        ui.input(|i| {
-            for event in &i.raw.events {
-                if let egui::Event::MouseWheel { unit, delta, modifiers, .. } = event {
-                    match unit {
-                        egui::MouseWheelUnit::Line | egui::MouseWheelUnit::Page => {
-                            // Real mouse wheel (discrete clicks) -> always zoom
-                            let zoom_delta = if ctrl_held || modifiers.ctrl {
-                                delta.y * 0.01 // Ctrl+wheel: faster zoom
-                            } else {
-                                delta.y * 0.005 // Normal zoom
-                            };
-                            self.apply_zoom_at_point(zoom_delta, mouse_canvas_pos);
-                            handled = true;
-                        }
-                        egui::MouseWheelUnit::Point => {
-                            // Trackpad (smooth scrolling) -> only zoom if Ctrl held
-                            if ctrl_held || modifiers.ctrl {
-                                let zoom_delta = delta.y * 0.005;
+        // Skip real scroll/zoom/pan input during replay
+        if !is_replaying {
+            // Distinguish between mouse wheel (discrete) and trackpad (smooth)
+            let mut handled = false;
+            ui.input(|i| {
+                for event in &i.raw.events {
+                    if let egui::Event::MouseWheel { unit, delta, modifiers, .. } = event {
+                        match unit {
+                            egui::MouseWheelUnit::Line | egui::MouseWheelUnit::Page => {
+                                // Real mouse wheel (discrete clicks) -> always zoom
+                                let zoom_delta = if ctrl_held || modifiers.ctrl {
+                                    delta.y * 0.01 // Ctrl+wheel: faster zoom
+                                } else {
+                                    delta.y * 0.005 // Normal zoom
+                                };
                                 self.apply_zoom_at_point(zoom_delta, mouse_canvas_pos);
                                 handled = true;
                             }
-                            // Otherwise let scroll_delta handle panning
+                            egui::MouseWheelUnit::Point => {
+                                // Trackpad (smooth scrolling) -> only zoom if Ctrl held
+                                if ctrl_held || modifiers.ctrl {
+                                    let zoom_delta = delta.y * 0.005;
+                                    self.apply_zoom_at_point(zoom_delta, mouse_canvas_pos);
+                                    handled = true;
+                                }
+                                // Otherwise let scroll_delta handle panning
+                            }
                         }
                     }
                 }
+            });
+
+            // Handle scroll_delta for trackpad panning (when Ctrl not held)
+            if !handled && (scroll_delta.x.abs() > 0.0 || scroll_delta.y.abs() > 0.0) {
+                self.pan_offset.x += scroll_delta.x;
+                self.pan_offset.y += scroll_delta.y;
             }
-        });
 
-        // Handle scroll_delta for trackpad panning (when Ctrl not held)
-        if !handled && (scroll_delta.x.abs() > 0.0 || scroll_delta.y.abs() > 0.0) {
-            self.pan_offset.x += scroll_delta.x;
-            self.pan_offset.y += scroll_delta.y;
-        }
-
-        // Handle panning with Alt+Drag
-        if alt_held && response.dragged() {
-            // Alt+Click+Drag panning
-            if let Some(last_pos) = self.last_pan_pos {
-                if let Some(current_pos) = response.interact_pointer_pos() {
-                    let delta = current_pos - last_pos;
-                    self.pan_offset += delta;
+            // Handle panning with Alt+Drag
+            if alt_held && response.dragged() {
+                // Alt+Click+Drag panning
+                if let Some(last_pos) = self.last_pan_pos {
+                    if let Some(current_pos) = response.interact_pointer_pos() {
+                        let delta = current_pos - last_pos;
+                        self.pan_offset += delta;
+                    }
+                }
+                self.last_pan_pos = response.interact_pointer_pos();
+                self.is_panning = true;
+            } else {
+                if !response.dragged() {
+                    self.is_panning = false;
+                    self.last_pan_pos = None;
                 }
-            }
-            self.last_pan_pos = response.interact_pointer_pos();
-            self.is_panning = true;
-        } else {
-            if !response.dragged() {
-                self.is_panning = false;
-                self.last_pan_pos = None;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -6326,7 +6501,7 @@ impl PaneRenderer for StagePane {
                     );
 
                     // Handle drop on mouse release
-                    if ui.input(|i| i.pointer.any_released()) {
+                    if self.rsp_any_released(ui) {
                         eprintln!("DEBUG STAGE DROP: Dropping clip type {:?}, linked_audio: {:?}",
                             dragging.clip_type, dragging.linked_audio_clip_id);
 
@@ -6703,6 +6878,31 @@ impl PaneRenderer for StagePane {
         // Render snap indicator (works for all tools, not just Select/BezierEdit)
         self.render_snap_indicator(ui, rect, shared);
 
+        // Draw ghost cursor during test mode replay
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        if let Some((wx, wy)) = shared.test_mode.replay_cursor_pos {
+            // Convert world-space position to screen-space
+            let screen_pos = rect.min + self.pan_offset + egui::vec2(wx as f32, wy as f32) * self.zoom;
+            let painter = ui.painter_at(rect);
+            // Crosshair
+            let arm = 10.0;
+            let stroke = egui::Stroke::new(1.5, egui::Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(255, 100, 100, 200));
+            painter.line_segment(
+                [screen_pos - egui::vec2(arm, 0.0), screen_pos + egui::vec2(arm, 0.0)],
+                stroke,
+            );
+            painter.line_segment(
+                [screen_pos - egui::vec2(0.0, arm), screen_pos + egui::vec2(0.0, arm)],
+                stroke,
+            );
+            // Circle
+            painter.circle_stroke(
+                screen_pos,
+                6.0,
+                egui::Stroke::new(1.5, egui::Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(255, 100, 100, 200)),
+            );
+        }
+
         // Set custom tool cursor when pointer is over the stage canvas
         // (system cursors from transform handles take priority via render_overlay check)
         if let Some(pos) = ui.input(|i| i.pointer.hover_pos()) {
diff --git a/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/test_mode.rs b/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/test_mode.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5fc6ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/test_mode.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,941 @@
+//! Debug test mode — input recording, panic capture, and visual replay.
+//!
+//! Gated behind `#[cfg(debug_assertions)]` at the module level in main.rs.
+
+use eframe::egui;
+use lightningbeam_core::test_mode::*;
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::time::Instant;
+use vello::kurbo::Point;
+
+/// Maximum events kept in the always-on ring buffer for crash capture
+const RING_BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 1000;
+
+/// How often to snapshot state for the panic hook (every N events)
+const PANIC_SNAPSHOT_INTERVAL: usize = 50;
+
+// ---- Synthetic input for replay ----
+
+/// Synthetic input data injected during replay, consumed by stage handle_input
+pub struct SyntheticInput {
+    pub world_pos: Point,
+    pub drag_started: bool,
+    pub dragged: bool,
+    pub drag_stopped: bool,
+    #[allow(dead_code)] // Part of the synthetic input API, consumed when replay handles held-button state
+    pub primary_down: bool,
+    pub shift: bool,
+    pub ctrl: bool,
+    pub alt: bool,
+}
+
+// ---- State machine ----
+
+pub enum TestModeOp {
+    Idle,
+    Recording(TestRecorder),
+    Playing(TestPlayer),
+}
+
+pub struct TestRecorder {
+    pub test_case: TestCase,
+    pub start_time: Instant,
+    event_count: usize,
+}
+
+impl TestRecorder {
+    fn new(name: String, canvas_state: CanvasState) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            test_case: TestCase::new(name, canvas_state),
+            start_time: Instant::now(),
+            event_count: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn record(&mut self, kind: TestEventKind) {
+        let timestamp_ms = self.start_time.elapsed().as_millis() as u64;
+        let index = self.event_count;
+        self.event_count += 1;
+        self.test_case.events.push(TestEvent {
+            index,
+            timestamp_ms,
+            kind,
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct TestPlayer {
+    pub test_case: TestCase,
+    /// Next event index to execute
+    pub cursor: usize,
+    pub auto_playing: bool,
+    pub auto_play_delay_ms: u64,
+    pub last_step_time: Option<Instant>,
+    /// Collapse consecutive move/drag events in the event list and step through them as one batch
+    pub skip_consecutive_moves: bool,
+    /// When set, auto-play runs at max speed until cursor reaches this index, then stops
+    batch_end: Option<usize>,
+}
+
+impl TestPlayer {
+    fn new(test_case: TestCase) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            test_case,
+            cursor: 0,
+            auto_playing: false,
+            auto_play_delay_ms: 100,
+            last_step_time: None,
+            skip_consecutive_moves: true, // on by default
+            batch_end: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Advance cursor by one event and return it, or None if finished.
+    pub fn step_forward(&mut self) -> Option<&TestEvent> {
+        if self.cursor >= self.test_case.events.len() {
+            self.auto_playing = false;
+            self.batch_end = None;
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let idx = self.cursor;
+        self.cursor += 1;
+        self.last_step_time = Some(Instant::now());
+
+        // Check if batch is done
+        if let Some(end) = self.batch_end {
+            if self.cursor >= end {
+                self.auto_playing = false;
+                self.batch_end = None;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Some(&self.test_case.events[idx])
+    }
+
+    /// Start a batch-replay of consecutive move/drag events from the current cursor.
+    /// Returns the first event in the batch, sets up auto-play for the rest.
+    pub fn step_or_batch(&mut self) -> Option<&TestEvent> {
+        if self.cursor >= self.test_case.events.len() {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        if self.skip_consecutive_moves {
+            let disc = move_discriminant(&self.test_case.events[self.cursor].kind);
+            if let Some(d) = disc {
+                // Find end of consecutive run
+                let mut end = self.cursor + 1;
+                while end < self.test_case.events.len()
+                    && move_discriminant(&self.test_case.events[end].kind) == Some(d)
+                {
+                    end += 1;
+                }
+                if end > self.cursor + 1 {
+                    // Multi-event batch — auto-play through it at max speed
+                    self.batch_end = Some(end);
+                    self.auto_playing = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.step_forward()
+    }
+
+    /// Whether auto-play should step this frame
+    pub fn should_auto_step(&self) -> bool {
+        if !self.auto_playing {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Batch replay: every frame, no delay
+        if self.batch_end.is_some() {
+            return true;
+        }
+        // Normal auto-play: respect delay setting
+        match self.last_step_time {
+            None => true,
+            Some(t) => t.elapsed().as_millis() as u64 >= self.auto_play_delay_ms,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn progress(&self) -> (usize, usize) {
+        (self.cursor, self.test_case.events.len())
+    }
+
+    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
+        self.cursor = 0;
+        self.auto_playing = false;
+        self.last_step_time = None;
+        self.batch_end = None;
+    }
+}
+
+// ---- Main state ----
+
+pub struct TestModeState {
+    /// Whether the test mode sidebar is visible
+    pub active: bool,
+    /// Current operation
+    pub mode: TestModeOp,
+    /// Directory for test case files
+    pub test_dir: PathBuf,
+    /// List of available test files
+    pub available_tests: Vec<PathBuf>,
+    /// Name field for new recordings
+    pub new_test_name: String,
+    /// Transient status message
+    pub status_message: Option<(String, Instant)>,
+    /// Shared with panic hook — periodically updated with current state
+    pub panic_snapshot: Arc<Mutex<Option<TestCase>>>,
+    /// Current in-flight event, set before processing. If a panic occurs during
+    /// processing, the panic hook appends this to the saved test case.
+    pub pending_event: Arc<Mutex<Option<TestEvent>>>,
+    /// Always-on ring buffer of last N events (for crash capture outside test mode)
+    pub event_ring: VecDeque<TestEvent>,
+    pub ring_start_time: Instant,
+    ring_event_count: usize,
+    /// Counter since last panic snapshot update
+    events_since_snapshot: usize,
+    /// Last replayed world-space position (for ghost cursor rendering on stage)
+    pub replay_cursor_pos: Option<(f64, f64)>,
+    /// Shared with panic hook — when true, panics during replay don't save new crash files
+    pub is_replaying: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+}
+
+impl TestModeState {
+    pub fn new(panic_snapshot: Arc<Mutex<Option<TestCase>>>, pending_event: Arc<Mutex<Option<TestEvent>>>, is_replaying: Arc<AtomicBool>) -> Self {
+        let test_dir = directories::ProjectDirs::from("", "", "lightningbeam")
+            .map(|dirs| dirs.data_dir().join("test_cases"))
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| PathBuf::from("test_cases"));
+
+        Self {
+            active: false,
+            mode: TestModeOp::Idle,
+            test_dir,
+            available_tests: Vec::new(),
+            new_test_name: String::new(),
+            status_message: None,
+            panic_snapshot,
+            pending_event,
+            event_ring: VecDeque::with_capacity(RING_BUFFER_SIZE),
+            ring_start_time: Instant::now(),
+            ring_event_count: 0,
+            events_since_snapshot: 0,
+            replay_cursor_pos: None,
+            is_replaying,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Store the current in-flight event for panic capture.
+    /// Called before processing so the panic hook can grab it if processing panics.
+    pub fn set_pending_event(&self, kind: TestEventKind) {
+        let event = TestEvent {
+            index: self.ring_event_count,
+            timestamp_ms: self.ring_start_time.elapsed().as_millis() as u64,
+            kind,
+        };
+        if let Ok(mut guard) = self.pending_event.try_lock() {
+            *guard = Some(event);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Record an event — always appends to ring buffer, and to active recording if any
+    pub fn record_event(&mut self, kind: TestEventKind) {
+        let timestamp_ms = self.ring_start_time.elapsed().as_millis() as u64;
+        let index = self.ring_event_count;
+        self.ring_event_count += 1;
+
+        let event = TestEvent {
+            index,
+            timestamp_ms,
+            kind: kind.clone(),
+        };
+
+        // Always append to ring buffer
+        if self.event_ring.len() >= RING_BUFFER_SIZE {
+            self.event_ring.pop_front();
+        }
+        self.event_ring.push_back(event);
+
+        // Append to active recording if any
+        if let TestModeOp::Recording(ref mut recorder) = self.mode {
+            recorder.record(kind);
+        }
+
+        // Periodically update panic snapshot
+        self.events_since_snapshot += 1;
+        if self.events_since_snapshot >= PANIC_SNAPSHOT_INTERVAL {
+            self.events_since_snapshot = 0;
+            self.update_panic_snapshot();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Start a new recording
+    pub fn start_recording(&mut self, name: String, canvas_state: CanvasState) {
+        self.mode = TestModeOp::Recording(TestRecorder::new(name, canvas_state));
+        self.set_status("Recording started");
+    }
+
+    /// Stop recording and save to disk. Returns path if saved successfully.
+    pub fn stop_recording(&mut self) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+        let recorder = match std::mem::replace(&mut self.mode, TestModeOp::Idle) {
+            TestModeOp::Recording(r) => r,
+            other => {
+                self.mode = other;
+                return None;
+            }
+        };
+
+        let test_case = recorder.test_case;
+        let filename = sanitize_filename(&test_case.name);
+        let path = self.test_dir.join(format!("{}.json", filename));
+
+        match test_case.save_to_file(&path) {
+            Ok(()) => {
+                self.set_status(&format!("Saved: {}", path.display()));
+                self.refresh_test_list();
+                Some(path)
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                self.set_status(&format!("Save failed: {}", e));
+                None
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Discard the current recording
+    pub fn discard_recording(&mut self) {
+        self.mode = TestModeOp::Idle;
+        self.set_status("Recording discarded");
+    }
+
+    /// Load a test case for playback
+    pub fn load_test(&mut self, path: &PathBuf) {
+        match TestCase::load_from_file(path) {
+            Ok(test_case) => {
+                self.set_status(&format!("Loaded: {} ({} events)", test_case.name, test_case.events.len()));
+                self.mode = TestModeOp::Playing(TestPlayer::new(test_case));
+                self.is_replaying.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                self.set_status(&format!("Load failed: {}", e));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Stop playback and return to idle
+    pub fn stop_playback(&mut self) {
+        self.mode = TestModeOp::Idle;
+        self.is_replaying.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
+        self.set_status("Playback stopped");
+    }
+
+    /// Called from panic hook — saves ring buffer or active recording as a crash test case.
+    /// Also grabs the pending in-flight event (if any) so the crash-triggering event is captured.
+    /// Skips saving when replaying a recorded test (to avoid duplicate crash files).
+    pub fn record_panic(
+        panic_snapshot: &Arc<Mutex<Option<TestCase>>>,
+        pending_event: &Arc<Mutex<Option<TestEvent>>>,
+        is_replaying: &Arc<AtomicBool>,
+        msg: String,
+        backtrace: String,
+        test_dir: &PathBuf,
+    ) {
+        if is_replaying.load(Ordering::SeqCst) {
+            eprintln!("[TEST MODE] Panic during replay — not saving duplicate crash file");
+            return;
+        }
+        if let Ok(mut guard) = panic_snapshot.lock() {
+            let mut test_case = guard.take().unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                TestCase::new(
+                    "crash_capture".to_string(),
+                    CanvasState {
+                        zoom: 1.0,
+                        pan_offset: (0.0, 0.0),
+                        selected_tool: "Unknown".to_string(),
+                        fill_color: [0, 0, 0, 255],
+                        stroke_color: [0, 0, 0, 255],
+                        stroke_width: 3.0,
+                        fill_enabled: true,
+                        snap_enabled: true,
+                        polygon_sides: 5,
+                    },
+                )
+            });
+
+            // Append the in-flight event that was being processed when the panic occurred
+            if let Ok(mut pending) = pending_event.try_lock() {
+                if let Some(event) = pending.take() {
+                    test_case.events.push(event);
+                }
+            }
+
+            test_case.ended_with_panic = true;
+            test_case.panic_message = Some(msg);
+            test_case.panic_backtrace = Some(backtrace);
+
+            let timestamp = format_timestamp();
+            let path = test_dir.join(format!("crash_{}.json", timestamp));
+
+            if let Err(e) = test_case.save_to_file(&path) {
+                eprintln!("[TEST MODE] Failed to save crash test case: {}", e);
+            } else {
+                eprintln!("[TEST MODE] Crash test case saved to: {}", path.display());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Refresh the list of available test files
+    pub fn refresh_test_list(&mut self) {
+        self.available_tests.clear();
+        if let Ok(entries) = std::fs::read_dir(&self.test_dir) {
+            for entry in entries.flatten() {
+                let path = entry.path();
+                if path.extension().map_or(false, |ext| ext == "json") {
+                    self.available_tests.push(path);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        self.available_tests.sort();
+    }
+
+    fn set_status(&mut self, msg: &str) {
+        self.status_message = Some((msg.to_string(), Instant::now()));
+    }
+
+    /// Update the panic snapshot with current ring buffer state
+    fn update_panic_snapshot(&self) {
+        if let Ok(mut guard) = self.panic_snapshot.try_lock() {
+            let events: Vec<TestEvent> = self.event_ring.iter().cloned().collect();
+            let mut snapshot = TestCase::new(
+                "ring_buffer_snapshot".to_string(),
+                CanvasState {
+                    zoom: 1.0,
+                    pan_offset: (0.0, 0.0),
+                    selected_tool: "Unknown".to_string(),
+                    fill_color: [0, 0, 0, 255],
+                    stroke_color: [0, 0, 0, 255],
+                    stroke_width: 3.0,
+                    fill_enabled: true,
+                    snap_enabled: true,
+                    polygon_sides: 5,
+                },
+            );
+            snapshot.events = events;
+            *guard = Some(snapshot);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// ---- Replay frame ----
+
+/// Result of stepping a replay frame — carries both mouse input and non-mouse actions
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct ReplayFrame {
+    pub synthetic_input: Option<SyntheticInput>,
+    pub tool_change: Option<String>,
+}
+
+// ---- Sidebar UI ----
+
+/// Render the test mode sidebar panel. Returns a ReplayFrame with actions to apply.
+pub fn render_sidebar(
+    ctx: &egui::Context,
+    state: &mut TestModeState,
+) -> ReplayFrame {
+    if !state.active {
+        return ReplayFrame::default();
+    }
+
+    let mut frame = ReplayFrame::default();
+    let mut action = SidebarAction::None;
+
+    egui::SidePanel::right("test_mode_panel")
+        .default_width(300.0)
+        .min_width(250.0)
+        .show(ctx, |ui| {
+            ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+                ui.heading("TEST MODE");
+                ui.with_layout(egui::Layout::right_to_left(egui::Align::Center), |ui| {
+                    if ui.button("X").clicked() {
+                        state.active = false;
+                    }
+                });
+            });
+            ui.separator();
+
+            // Status message (auto-clear after 5s)
+            if let Some((ref msg, when)) = state.status_message {
+                if when.elapsed().as_secs() < 5 {
+                    ui.colored_label(egui::Color32::YELLOW, msg);
+                    ui.separator();
+                } else {
+                    state.status_message = None;
+                }
+            }
+
+            match &state.mode {
+                TestModeOp::Idle => {
+                    render_idle_ui(ui, state, &mut action);
+                }
+                TestModeOp::Recording(_) => {
+                    render_recording_ui(ui, state, &mut action);
+                }
+                TestModeOp::Playing(_) => {
+                    frame = render_playing_ui(ui, state, &mut action);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+    // Execute deferred actions (avoid borrow conflicts)
+    match action {
+        SidebarAction::None => {}
+        SidebarAction::StartRecording(name, canvas) => {
+            state.start_recording(name, canvas);
+        }
+        SidebarAction::StopRecording => {
+            state.stop_recording();
+        }
+        SidebarAction::DiscardRecording => {
+            state.discard_recording();
+        }
+        SidebarAction::LoadTest(path) => {
+            state.load_test(&path);
+        }
+        SidebarAction::StopPlayback => {
+            state.stop_playback();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Update ghost cursor position from the replay frame
+    if let Some(ref syn) = frame.synthetic_input {
+        state.replay_cursor_pos = Some((syn.world_pos.x, syn.world_pos.y));
+    } else if !matches!(state.mode, TestModeOp::Playing(_)) {
+        state.replay_cursor_pos = None;
+    }
+
+    frame
+}
+
+enum SidebarAction {
+    None,
+    StartRecording(String, CanvasState),
+    StopRecording,
+    DiscardRecording,
+    LoadTest(PathBuf),
+    StopPlayback,
+}
+
+fn render_idle_ui(ui: &mut egui::Ui, state: &mut TestModeState, action: &mut SidebarAction) {
+    ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+        if ui.button("Record").clicked() {
+            let name = if state.new_test_name.is_empty() {
+                format!("test_{}", format_timestamp())
+            } else {
+                state.new_test_name.clone()
+            };
+            // Default canvas state — will be overwritten by caller with real values
+            let canvas = CanvasState {
+                zoom: 1.0,
+                pan_offset: (0.0, 0.0),
+                selected_tool: "Select".to_string(),
+                fill_color: [100, 100, 255, 255],
+                stroke_color: [0, 0, 0, 255],
+                stroke_width: 3.0,
+                fill_enabled: true,
+                snap_enabled: true,
+                polygon_sides: 5,
+            };
+            *action = SidebarAction::StartRecording(name, canvas);
+        }
+        if ui.button("Load Test...").clicked() {
+            if let Some(path) = rfd::FileDialog::new()
+                .add_filter("JSON", &["json"])
+                .set_directory(&state.test_dir)
+                .pick_file()
+            {
+                *action = SidebarAction::LoadTest(path);
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    ui.add_space(4.0);
+    ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+        ui.label("Name:");
+        ui.text_edit_singleline(&mut state.new_test_name);
+    });
+
+    // List available tests
+    ui.add_space(8.0);
+    ui.separator();
+    ui.label(egui::RichText::new("Saved Tests").strong());
+
+    if state.available_tests.is_empty() {
+        ui.colored_label(egui::Color32::GRAY, "(none)");
+    } else {
+        egui::ScrollArea::vertical().max_height(200.0).show(ui, |ui| {
+            let mut load_path = None;
+            for path in &state.available_tests {
+                let name = path.file_name()
+                    .map(|s| s.to_string_lossy().to_string())
+                    .unwrap_or_default();
+                if ui.selectable_label(false, &name).clicked() {
+                    load_path = Some(path.clone());
+                }
+            }
+            if let Some(path) = load_path {
+                *action = SidebarAction::LoadTest(path);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    // Ring buffer info
+    ui.add_space(8.0);
+    ui.separator();
+    ui.colored_label(
+        egui::Color32::GRAY,
+        format!("Ring buffer: {} events (auto-saved on crash)", state.event_ring.len()),
+    );
+}
+
+fn render_recording_ui(ui: &mut egui::Ui, state: &mut TestModeState, action: &mut SidebarAction) {
+    let event_count = match &state.mode {
+        TestModeOp::Recording(r) => r.test_case.events.len(),
+        _ => 0,
+    };
+
+    ui.colored_label(egui::Color32::from_rgb(255, 80, 80),
+        format!("Recording... ({} events)", event_count));
+
+    ui.add_space(4.0);
+    ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+        if ui.button("Stop & Save").clicked() {
+            *action = SidebarAction::StopRecording;
+        }
+        if ui.button("Discard").clicked() {
+            *action = SidebarAction::DiscardRecording;
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Show recent events
+    if let TestModeOp::Recording(ref recorder) = state.mode {
+        render_event_list(ui, &recorder.test_case.events, None, false);
+    }
+}
+
+fn render_playing_ui(
+    ui: &mut egui::Ui,
+    state: &mut TestModeState,
+    action: &mut SidebarAction,
+) -> ReplayFrame {
+    let mut frame = ReplayFrame::default();
+
+    let (cursor, total, test_name, has_panic, panic_msg, auto_playing, delay_ms) = match &state.mode {
+        TestModeOp::Playing(p) => {
+            let (c, t) = p.progress();
+            (
+                c, t,
+                p.test_case.name.clone(),
+                p.test_case.ended_with_panic,
+                p.test_case.panic_message.clone(),
+                p.auto_playing,
+                p.auto_play_delay_ms,
+            )
+        }
+        _ => return ReplayFrame::default(),
+    };
+
+    ui.label(format!("Test: {}", test_name));
+    if has_panic {
+        ui.colored_label(egui::Color32::RED, "Ended with PANIC");
+        if let Some(ref msg) = panic_msg {
+            let display_msg = if msg.len() > 120 { &msg[..120] } else { msg.as_str() };
+            ui.colored_label(egui::Color32::from_rgb(255, 100, 100), display_msg);
+        }
+    }
+    ui.label(format!("{}/{} events", cursor, total));
+
+    // Transport controls
+    ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+        // Reset
+        if ui.button("|<").clicked() {
+            if let TestModeOp::Playing(ref mut p) = state.mode {
+                p.reset();
+            }
+        }
+        // Step back (reset to cursor - 1)
+        if ui.button("<Step").clicked() {
+            if let TestModeOp::Playing(ref mut p) = state.mode {
+                if p.cursor > 0 {
+                    p.cursor -= 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // Step forward (batches consecutive move/drag events when skip is on)
+        if ui.button("Step>").clicked() {
+            if let TestModeOp::Playing(ref mut p) = state.mode {
+                if let Some(event) = p.step_or_batch() {
+                    frame = event_to_replay_frame(event);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // Auto-play toggle
+        let auto_label = if auto_playing { "||Pause" } else { ">>Auto" };
+        if ui.button(auto_label).clicked() {
+            if let TestModeOp::Playing(ref mut p) = state.mode {
+                p.auto_playing = !p.auto_playing;
+            }
+        }
+        // Stop
+        if ui.button("Stop").clicked() {
+            *action = SidebarAction::StopPlayback;
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Speed slider
+    ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+        ui.label("Speed:");
+        let mut delay = delay_ms as f32;
+        if ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut delay, 10.0..=500.0).suffix("ms")).changed() {
+            if let TestModeOp::Playing(ref mut p) = state.mode {
+                p.auto_play_delay_ms = delay as u64;
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Skip consecutive moves toggle
+    if let TestModeOp::Playing(ref mut p) = state.mode {
+        ui.checkbox(&mut p.skip_consecutive_moves, "Skip consecutive moves");
+    }
+
+    // Auto-step
+    if auto_playing {
+        if let TestModeOp::Playing(ref mut p) = state.mode {
+            if p.should_auto_step() {
+                if let Some(event) = p.step_forward() {
+                    frame = event_to_replay_frame(event);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // Request continuous repaint during auto-play
+        ui.ctx().request_repaint();
+    }
+
+    // Event list
+    if let TestModeOp::Playing(ref player) = state.mode {
+        render_event_list(ui, &player.test_case.events, Some(player.cursor), player.skip_consecutive_moves);
+    }
+
+    frame
+}
+
+fn render_event_list(ui: &mut egui::Ui, events: &[TestEvent], cursor: Option<usize>, skip_moves: bool) {
+    ui.add_space(8.0);
+    ui.separator();
+    ui.label(egui::RichText::new("Events").strong());
+
+    // Build filtered index list when skip_moves is on
+    let filtered: Vec<usize> = if skip_moves {
+        filter_consecutive_moves(events)
+    } else {
+        (0..events.len()).collect()
+    };
+
+    egui::ScrollArea::vertical()
+        .auto_shrink([false; 2])
+        .max_height(ui.available_height() - 20.0)
+        .show(ui, |ui| {
+            // Find the cursor position within the filtered list
+            let cursor_filtered_pos = cursor.and_then(|c| {
+                // Find the filtered entry closest to (but not past) cursor
+                filtered.iter().rposition(|&idx| idx < c)
+            });
+            let focus = cursor_filtered_pos.unwrap_or(filtered.len().saturating_sub(1));
+            let start = focus.saturating_sub(50);
+            let end = (focus + 50).min(filtered.len());
+
+            for &event_idx in &filtered[start..end] {
+                let event = &events[event_idx];
+                let is_current = cursor.map_or(false, |c| event.index == c.saturating_sub(1));
+                let (prefix, color) = event_display_info(&event.kind, is_current);
+
+                let text = format!("{} #{} {}", prefix, event.index, format_event_kind(&event.kind));
+                let label = egui::RichText::new(text).color(color).monospace();
+                ui.label(label);
+            }
+        });
+}
+
+/// Filter event indices, keeping only the last of each consecutive run of same-type moves/drags
+fn filter_consecutive_moves(events: &[TestEvent]) -> Vec<usize> {
+    let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(events.len());
+    let mut i = 0;
+    while i < events.len() {
+        let disc = move_discriminant(&events[i].kind);
+        if let Some(d) = disc {
+            // Scan ahead to find the last in this consecutive run
+            let mut last = i;
+            while last + 1 < events.len() && move_discriminant(&events[last + 1].kind) == Some(d) {
+                last += 1;
+            }
+            result.push(last);
+            i = last + 1;
+        } else {
+            result.push(i);
+            i += 1;
+        }
+    }
+    result
+}
+
+fn event_display_info(kind: &TestEventKind, is_current: bool) -> (&'static str, egui::Color32) {
+    let prefix = if is_current { ">" } else { " " };
+    let color = match kind {
+        TestEventKind::MouseMove { .. } | TestEventKind::MouseDrag { .. } => {
+            egui::Color32::from_gray(140)
+        }
+        TestEventKind::MouseDown { .. } | TestEventKind::MouseUp { .. } => {
+            egui::Color32::from_gray(200)
+        }
+        TestEventKind::ToolChanged { .. } => egui::Color32::from_rgb(100, 150, 255),
+        TestEventKind::ActionExecuted { .. } => egui::Color32::from_rgb(100, 255, 100),
+        TestEventKind::KeyDown { .. } | TestEventKind::KeyUp { .. } => {
+            egui::Color32::from_rgb(200, 200, 100)
+        }
+        TestEventKind::Scroll { .. } => egui::Color32::from_gray(160),
+    };
+    (prefix, color)
+}
+
+fn format_event_kind(kind: &TestEventKind) -> String {
+    match kind {
+        TestEventKind::MouseDown { pos } => format!("MouseDown ({:.1}, {:.1})", pos.x, pos.y),
+        TestEventKind::MouseUp { pos } => format!("MouseUp ({:.1}, {:.1})", pos.x, pos.y),
+        TestEventKind::MouseDrag { pos } => format!("MouseDrag ({:.1}, {:.1})", pos.x, pos.y),
+        TestEventKind::MouseMove { pos } => format!("MouseMove ({:.1}, {:.1})", pos.x, pos.y),
+        TestEventKind::Scroll { delta_x, delta_y } => {
+            format!("Scroll ({:.1}, {:.1})", delta_x, delta_y)
+        }
+        TestEventKind::KeyDown { key, .. } => format!("KeyDown {}", key),
+        TestEventKind::KeyUp { key, .. } => format!("KeyUp {}", key),
+        TestEventKind::ToolChanged { tool } => format!("ToolChanged: {}", tool),
+        TestEventKind::ActionExecuted { description } => {
+            format!("ActionExecuted: \"{}\"", description)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Convert a replayed TestEvent into a ReplayFrame carrying mouse input and/or tool changes
+fn event_to_replay_frame(event: &TestEvent) -> ReplayFrame {
+    let mut frame = ReplayFrame::default();
+    match &event.kind {
+        TestEventKind::ToolChanged { tool } => {
+            frame.tool_change = Some(tool.clone());
+        }
+        other => {
+            frame.synthetic_input = event_kind_to_synthetic(other);
+        }
+    }
+    frame
+}
+
+/// Convert a mouse event kind into a SyntheticInput for the stage pane
+fn event_kind_to_synthetic(kind: &TestEventKind) -> Option<SyntheticInput> {
+    match kind {
+        TestEventKind::MouseDown { pos } => Some(SyntheticInput {
+            world_pos: Point::new(pos.x, pos.y),
+            drag_started: true,
+            dragged: true, // In egui, drag_started() implies dragged() on the same frame
+            drag_stopped: false,
+            primary_down: true,
+            shift: false,
+            ctrl: false,
+            alt: false,
+        }),
+        TestEventKind::MouseDrag { pos } => Some(SyntheticInput {
+            world_pos: Point::new(pos.x, pos.y),
+            drag_started: false,
+            dragged: true,
+            drag_stopped: false,
+            primary_down: true,
+            shift: false,
+            ctrl: false,
+            alt: false,
+        }),
+        TestEventKind::MouseUp { pos } => Some(SyntheticInput {
+            world_pos: Point::new(pos.x, pos.y),
+            drag_started: false,
+            dragged: true, // In egui, dragged() is still true on the release frame
+            drag_stopped: true,
+            primary_down: false,
+            shift: false,
+            ctrl: false,
+            alt: false,
+        }),
+        TestEventKind::MouseMove { pos } => Some(SyntheticInput {
+            world_pos: Point::new(pos.x, pos.y),
+            drag_started: false,
+            dragged: false,
+            drag_stopped: false,
+            primary_down: false,
+            shift: false,
+            ctrl: false,
+            alt: false,
+        }),
+        // Non-mouse events don't produce synthetic input (handled elsewhere)
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Returns a discriminant for "batchable" mouse motion event types.
+/// Same-discriminant events are collapsed in the event list display
+/// and replayed as a single batch when stepping.
+/// Returns None for non-batchable events (clicks, tool changes, actions, etc.)
+fn move_discriminant(kind: &TestEventKind) -> Option<u8> {
+    match kind {
+        TestEventKind::MouseMove { .. } => Some(0),
+        TestEventKind::MouseDrag { .. } => Some(1),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Sanitize a string for use as a filename
+fn sanitize_filename(name: &str) -> String {
+    name.chars()
+        .map(|c| if c.is_alphanumeric() || c == '-' || c == '_' { c } else { '_' })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+/// Parse a tool name (from Debug format) back into a Tool enum value
+pub fn parse_tool(name: &str) -> Option<lightningbeam_core::tool::Tool> {
+    use lightningbeam_core::tool::Tool;
+    match name {
+        "Select" => Some(Tool::Select),
+        "Draw" => Some(Tool::Draw),
+        "Transform" => Some(Tool::Transform),
+        "Rectangle" => Some(Tool::Rectangle),
+        "Ellipse" => Some(Tool::Ellipse),
+        "PaintBucket" => Some(Tool::PaintBucket),
+        "Eyedropper" => Some(Tool::Eyedropper),
+        "Line" => Some(Tool::Line),
+        "Polygon" => Some(Tool::Polygon),
+        "BezierEdit" => Some(Tool::BezierEdit),
+        "Text" => Some(Tool::Text),
+        "RegionSelect" => Some(Tool::RegionSelect),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Format current time as a compact timestamp (no chrono dependency in editor crate)
+fn format_timestamp() -> String {
+    use std::time::SystemTime;
+    let duration = SystemTime::now()
+        .duration_since(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH)
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+    let secs = duration.as_secs();
+    // Simple but unique timestamp: seconds since epoch
+    // For human-readable format we'd need chrono, but this is fine for filenames
+    format!("{}", secs)
+}