.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -54,27 +54,6 @@ jobs:
         with:
           targets: ${{ matrix.target != '' && matrix.target || '' }}
 
-      # A [patch.crates-io] whose version doesn't satisfy the dependency requirement is silently
-      # IGNORED by cargo: it warns "patch ... was not used in the crate graph" and builds against the
-      # real crates.io crate instead. That's how a stale egui fork got us a `cannot find type
-      # CursorImage` error four minutes into the build, in a file that had nothing to do with the
-      # cause. Fail here instead, with the actual reason.
-      - name: Verify egui fork patch applies
-        shell: bash
-        working-directory: ./lightningbeam-ui
-        run: |
-          unused=$(cargo metadata --format-version 1 2>&1 >/dev/null | grep "was not used in the crate graph" || true)
-          if [ -n "$unused" ]; then
-            echo "::error::The egui fork's [patch.crates-io] entries are being ignored — cargo is building against stock crates.io egui, not the fork."
-            echo "$unused"
-            echo ""
-            echo "The fork's version must SATISFY the requirement in lightningbeam-ui/Cargo.toml."
-            echo "Fork workspace version: $(grep -m1 '^version' ../egui-fork/Cargo.toml)"
-            echo "Required by us:         $(grep -m1 '^eframe' Cargo.toml)"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          echo "egui fork patch applies cleanly."
-
       - name: Rust cache
         uses: swatinem/rust-cache@v2
         with:

.gitignore

@@ -38,7 +38,4 @@ packaging/AppDir/
 packaging/squashfs-root/
 
 # Wrapper script (generated, not needed with static FFmpeg)
-lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/debian/
-
-# Personal working notes (not version-controlled)
-TODO.md
+lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/debian/

Changelog.md

@@ -1,53 +1,3 @@
-# 1.0.10-alpha:
-Changes:
-- Cycle recording: highlight a range on the timeline ruler (the cycle strip, shown when looping is armed) and the transport loops it. Recording round the loop turns each pass into a separate take you can choose between afterwards, and recording again over the same region adds more takes rather than stacking a second clip on top. Starting playback from outside the region jumps to its start
-- Takes: a "Take N/M" badge on the clip picks which take plays. Splitting a clip lets each half play a different take, so you can comp a part together from the best bits of several passes. Right-click a clip to delete the take that's playing or to delete all the unused ones; double-click a take in the list to rename it
-- MIDI cycle recording can either merge every pass into one clip (the default — earlier passes play back as you record, so you can layer a hi-hat over a kick) or keep each pass as a separate take, like audio does. Set it in Preferences → Audio
-- Painting: every colour-using tool (brush, paint bucket, eyedropper) now shares one Foreground/Background swatch row, and the eyedropper has an explicit toggle for which of the two it fills
-- Painting: the effect brushes (dodge/burn, sponge, blur, smudge, clone stamp, healing brush, pattern stamp) were stuck on a single fixed brush shape. They now each have their own size, strength, hardness and spacing, and can use any brush from the library
-- Tablet: stylus barrel buttons now work, with actions you can bind in Preferences (Pan, Eyedropper, or Eraser). Middle-mouse panning added too
-- Timeline: raster and text layers get an opacity slider; each layer row now shows only the controls that mean anything for it (volume for audio, opacity for raster/text, both for vector and video), and layers gain a visibility (eye) toggle
-- The stage gains undo/redo buttons, sized for touch and tablet use
-
-Bugfixes:
-- Splitting an audio clip made it play back at the wrong length (a clip split at 1 second cut off after half a second at 120 BPM)
-- Trimmed MIDI clips were the wrong length on the timeline at any tempo other than 60 BPM
-- The paint bucket always filled with the background colour, whatever the brush was set to
-- Where an eyedropper sample landed (foreground or background) depended on which colour picker you had opened last
-- Stylus barrel buttons were silently ignored on Wayland
-- The opacity slider on a raster layer actually changed its volume, which means nothing on a raster layer
-- Tool cursors lagged behind the pointer while drawing; they're now drawn by the system rather than into the canvas
-- Colour picker popups wouldn't close when you dragged on the stage, so drawing left one hanging open, and clicking inside a picker's own hue slider closed it
-- The toolbar could not be scrolled when the pane was too short to show every tool
-
-# 1.0.9-alpha:
-Bugfixes:
-- Fix audio recording placement: a second recording landed at the wrong spot (and clicking/dragging clips was similarly off) at any tempo other than 60 BPM — recordings now start exactly at the playhead at any tempo
-- While recording a second audio clip, the live bar showed as a zero-length clip until you stopped; it now grows as you record
-- MIDI clips were drawn with the wrong length (their end grew too fast) at tempos other than 120 BPM
-- Recording a MIDI clip didn't mark the project as having unsaved changes, so closing or starting a new file didn't prompt to save
-- Audio and MIDI recording can now be undone (and redone)
-
-# 1.0.8-alpha:
-Changes:
-- Mobile/touch UI (experimental, testing only — not built or packaged for mobile yet; enabled on desktop with the LB_MOBILE_UI environment variable): work-in-progress phone-friendly interface with a vertical sliding-window pane stack you drag to reveal panes, a new-file intent picker, a selection inspector sheet, a keyboard-primary music surface, a Focus/Patch node editor, long-press context menus, a command palette, and landscape/orientation support
-- Text layers: add and edit text with a chosen font; non-bundled fonts are embedded in the project so it renders on machines that lack them
-- Animated GIF export (parallel palette encoding)
-- Audio tag metadata (title, artist, album, genre, year, track, comment) is written into exports — ID3v2 for MP3, iTunes/MP4 atoms for AAC, Vorbis comments for FLAC, RIFF INFO for WAV — with sensible defaults (year, artist/album remembered between exports)
-- Lossy WebP image export, so the quality control now actually applies
-- SVG export now includes text layers, as real font-independent glyph outlines
-- Crash recovery: the editor autosaves your work to a recovery file in the background and offers to restore it after an unclean shutdown
-- Prompt to save unsaved changes before starting a new file, opening another, or quitting
-- Faster saves on painting projects: unchanged raster frames are no longer re-encoded every save
-
-Bugfixes:
-- FLAC export previously wrote a WAV file with a .flac extension; it now encodes real (compressed) FLAC
-- ProRes 422 export always failed; it now encodes 10-bit 4:2:2 correctly
-- Fix VP8 video export with audio (muxed into WebM instead of an incompatible container)
-- The WebP "Quality" slider had no effect
-- Starting a new file now fully resets the audio engine, so instruments and voices from the previous project no longer linger
-- Fix oscillator/synth phase drift over long playback
-
 # 1.0.7-alpha:
 Changes:
 - HDR video support: PQ/HLG/BT.2020 video is now read correctly (decoded to scene-linear), with a per-document output mode (clip vs highlight rolloff) and 10-bit HDR export (HEVC Main10, PQ or HLG)

README.md

@@ -58,21 +58,13 @@ Lightningbeam is developed on the `main` branch. The project has been rewritten
 - ✅ Audio engine with node graph processing
 - ✅ GPU waveform rendering with mipmaps
 - ✅ Video decoding integration
-- ✅ Export system (video, image, audio, animated GIF, SVG)
-- ✅ Node editor UI
-- 🚧 Piano roll editor (in progress)
+- 🚧 Export system (in progress)
+- 🚧 Node editor UI (planned)
+- 🚧 Piano roll editor (planned)
 
 ## Getting Started
 
-### Download a prebuilt release
-
-If you don't want to build from source, prebuilt binaries for each release are on the
-[GitHub releases page](https://github.com/skykooler/lightningbeam/releases). Download the build for
-your platform and run it directly.
-
-### Building from source
-
-#### Prerequisites
+### Prerequisites
 
 - Rust (stable toolchain via [rustup](https://rustup.rs/))
 - System dependencies:
@@ -82,7 +74,7 @@ your platform and run it directly.
 
 See [docs/BUILDING.md](docs/BUILDING.md) for detailed setup instructions.
 
-#### Building and Running
+### Building and Running
 
 ```bash
 # Clone the repository

STREAMING_TO_DISK_PLAN.md

@@ -0,0 +1,859 @@
+# Streaming Media To/From Disk — Plan
+
+**Goal:** Lightningbeam must handle audio and video files (and raster animation, and
+image assets) of *arbitrary length/size*. Anywhere we touch media we should stream from
+and to disk when the data is too large to fit comfortably in memory, rather than loading
+the entire file regardless of size.
+
+**Scope of this document:** audio, video, raster frames, image-asset paging, **and the
+`.beam` container format** — these turned out to be one problem, not two. Streaming on load
+is impossible while the container forces a full decode, so the container decision (below)
+is now part of this plan.
+
+## Deferred bugs (do at the end)
+- [x] **Timeline thumbnail scroll (FIXED):** the strip tiled from the *clamped* visible-left of the
+      clip, so when a clip was scrolled partly off the left it showed the clip's start content at the
+      viewport edge. Now tiled from the clip's **true (unclamped) origin** over its full width, drawing
+      only the tiles intersecting the visible rect (`draw_video_thumbnail_strip` in timeline.rs). Both
+      render sites (collapsed-group + expanded-track) share the helper. *(Compiles; needs in-app check.)*
+- [x] **Clip thumbnails stop updating (FIXED):** the GPU texture cache was keyed by the *requested*
+      content time, so once a tile cached the first (often far-off) thumbnail it never refreshed as
+      closer ones loaded. `VideoManager::get_thumbnail_at` now also returns the **actual** thumbnail
+      timestamp, and the cache keys on that — so a tile picks up a new texture when a closer thumbnail
+      finishes generating. Existing `retain`-by-visible-clip cleanup keeps it bounded. *(Needs in-app check.)*
+
+## Raster-keyframe-UI bugs — **[DONE]** (built the raster keyframe timeline UI, 2026-06-20)
+Both resolved by the raster-keyframe-timeline-UI work: timeline now draws a diamond per
+`RasterKeyframe` (mirrors vector), `K`/New Keyframe inserts a blank cel via `AddRasterKeyframeAction`
+(canvas refreshes), paint tools edit the active keyframe instead of lazily creating, diamonds are
+click-to-seek (pointing-hand cursor), playback prefetches frames, and onion skinning (raster+vector,
+tinted, Info-Panel settings) is in. (a) canvas-refresh-on-new-keyframe and (b) keyframes-on-timeline
+are both fixed.
+
+## Noted enhancements (later, after the phases)
+- [x] **Surround → stereo downmix (DONE).** Done uniformly in `render_from_file` (`pool.rs`) so it
+  covers every storage type (PCM/InMemory, compressed via symphonia, video-audio via ffmpeg — all
+  flow through this mixer with the source kept multichannel in the read-ahead buffer). New
+  `stereo_downmix_matrix(src_channels)` gives `[L][src]`/`[R][src]` coefficients for the conventional
+  interleave order (FL FR FC LFE BL BR SL SR…) for 3/4/5/5.1/6.1/7.1: full level for the matching
+  front, `1/√2` for centre + each surround, LFE dropped; each row normalized so |coef| sum ≤ 1 to
+  prevent clipping (matches ffmpeg's default). Applied in both the direct-copy and sinc-resample
+  paths (only when `dst==2 && src>2`; unknown layouts fall back to front L/R). Compiles clean.
+  *(Needs in-app check: a 5.1 file now has centre/dialog present and isn't thin; not distorted/clipping.)*
+  Native multichannel support remains a separate, larger project.
+- **Export speed (audited 2026-06-21):** a 1:14 1080p MP4 took ~9:06 (~7.4x realtime, ~135 ms/frame).
+  Audit **refuted** the per-frame-seek theory — export decodes the source *sequentially*
+  (`video.rs` `need_seek` is false once advancing forward), and readback is already async +
+  triple-buffered. Real hotspots:
+  - **[DONE] #1 — per-frame renderer rebuild.** The export pump built a fresh `vello::Renderer`
+    (full wgpu pipeline init) + empty `ImageCache` *every egui repaint* (`main.rs` ~6218). Now built
+    once per export and reused; also fixed lazy-image export (the throwaway cache had no container
+    path). **Expected the dominant win.**
+  - **[DONE] #2a — encode swscale rebuilt per frame.** `CpuYuvConverter::convert` now caches the
+    RGBA→YUV420p `scaling::Context` + frames in `new()` instead of per call.
+  - **[TODO] #2b — decode swscale + stride-repack** per frame in `video.rs:294-320` (shared with
+    scrubbing; cache the YUV→RGBA scaler on the decoder). Small win, modest risk.
+  - **Result of #1+#2a (measured):** ~7.4x → **~1.74x realtime** (130.7 s for 4488 frames @ 60 fps;
+    34 fps). Per-stage avg: Render(CPU build) 15 ms, **Readback(GPU latency) 42 ms**, Extract 1.3 ms,
+    Convert 5.7 ms.
+  - **Now GPU-bound.** Per ~87 ms poll cycle the CPU does ~66 ms (3× build 45 + convert 17 + extract 4)
+    but the GPU does ~87 ms (3 × ~29 ms composite) → GPU saturated at ~29 ms/frame; "Readback 42 ms" is
+    queue latency, not transfer (8 MB is sub-ms).
+  - **[SKIP] #3 GPU YUV / #5 pacing** — both only trim the CPU side, which is already *under* the GPU.
+    Won't move a GPU-bound throughput.
+  - **[TODO, big] Reduce the GPU composite (~29 ms/frame).** The per-layer HDR pipeline (Vello render →
+    linear → composite, ×layers) is the wall, shared with live rendering. Options: batch composite
+    passes; a fast-path skipping HDR compositing for simple single-layer/no-blend docs; cache unchanged
+    layers' scenes (CPU-side, only helps if it later becomes CPU-bound). Render-architecture project.
+  - Non-issues: per-frame seek, blocking readback, audio. (`video.rs:237` container-reopen-on-seek is
+    a latent cost but doesn't fire on forward export.)
+- **AAC export NaN guard (done):** `convert_chunk_to_planar_f32` now sanitizes non-finite samples
+  (NaN/Inf → 0, finite clamped to [-1,1]) like the integer paths, with a one-time warning — a stray
+  non-finite render sample no longer fails the whole export. Upstream NaN source (effect/automation/
+  decode) still worth chasing if it recurs.
+- [x] **Persist video thumbnails (DONE).** Mirrors waveform persistence: each clip's thumbnails are
+  PNG-encoded + packed into one opaque `LBTN` blob (editor owns the format; `encode/decode_thumbnail_blob`
+  in main.rs), stored as a `MediaKind::Thumbnail` row keyed by `thumbnail_media_id(clip_id)` (clip id XOR
+  a fixed sentinel). Save: a cheap Arc-clone snapshot (`VideoManager::snapshot_all_thumbnails`) rides the
+  `FileCommand::Save`, PNG-encoded off the UI thread in the worker, written by `save_beam` (kept in place
+  on re-save). Load: `load_beam_sqlite` reads the packs into `LoadedProject.thumbnail_blobs`; the editor
+  decodes + `insert_thumbnail`s them on a background thread and **gates regeneration** (`register_loaded_videos`
+  skips clips with persisted thumbnails). Bonus: thumbnails show even if the source video file is missing.
+  **Partial sets are persisted and resumed** (not thrown away): the `LBTN` blob (v2) carries a `complete`
+  flag (`VideoManager.thumbnails_complete`, marked when the keyframe pass finishes). On load, complete
+  packs are restored + skip regeneration; *partial* packs are restored AND generation is resumed —
+  `generate_keyframe_thumbnails` takes a `should_skip` predicate (`has_thumbnail_near`) so it only decodes
+  the keyframes not already covered. `insert_thumbnail` is now sorted + idempotent (fixes a latent
+  unsorted-`binary_search` bug and makes concurrent restore + resume race-safe). So a save 50 min into a
+  2 h video keeps that work and continues from there on reload.
+  Container tests still green; all crates compile. *(Needs in-app check: reload = instant thumbnails for
+  complete clips; a mid-generation save resumes from where it left off on reload.)*
+  **Size assessment (done):** thumbnails are 128px wide, height by aspect (72px at 16:9 →
+  128×72×4 ≈ **36 KB raw** each; 4:3 ≈ 49 KB), generated **one per ~5 s** (capped `interval_secs`,
+  at keyframes — so ~12/min). Raw: ~0.5 MB per 1:14 clip, ~26 MB/hour, ~52 MB/2 h. Compressed for
+  on-disk: JPEG ~3–6 KB/thumb → **~6 MB/2 h**; PNG ~8–15 KB → ~14 MB/2 h. So persistence is cheap
+  (≤ the waveform's ~36 MB/2 h), especially as JPEG. Plan: encode each clip's thumbnails (JPEG) +
+  their timestamps into one blob, a new `MediaKind::Thumbnail` row keyed by the clip/media id (mirror
+  the waveform persistence: write on save, restore via `insert_thumbnail` on load, regenerate if
+  absent). The 5 s interval already bounds count; no extra budget needed.
+- **Progressive waveform on first import:** generation streams the whole file before the
+  waveform appears (several seconds for large files). Since `build_waveform_pyramid` already
+  streams, emit partial floors as it advances (e.g. flush every N seconds of decoded audio via
+  the existing `waveform_result` channel + chunked GPU upload) so the overview fills in across
+  the clip left-to-right instead of appearing all at once. Persistence saves only the final
+  complete pyramid.
+
+## Guiding principle
+Three subsystems already have the right streaming primitive; most of the work is wiring,
+bounding caches, and adding a residency window. The recurring pattern:
+
+> Keep tiny metadata always-resident, fault the heavy payload in on demand keyed by a
+> stable ID, and evict everything outside a window around the playhead.
+
+---
+
+## Audit summary (where we stand today)
+
+### Correctly streaming / bounded
+- Video frame decode/seek/playback (`lightningbeam-core/src/video.rs:191` `get_frame` —
+  keyframe-index seek + decode-until-target, one frame resident).
+- WAV/AIFF import via mmap (`daw-backend/src/audio/engine.rs:2328`).
+- Webcam capture encodes directly to disk (`lightningbeam-core/src/webcam.rs`).
+- `WaveformCache` (100MB cap), decoder `LruCache` (20 frames), export render loop (≤3
+  frames in flight).
+- The compressed-audio disk reader `daw-backend/src/audio/disk_reader.rs`
+  (`CompressedReader` + 3s `ReadAheadBuffer`) — **correct but never activated** (Phase 1a).
+
+### Fully-loaded, unbounded by file length (the problems)
+| Site | Issue |
+|---|---|
+| `daw-backend/src/io/audio_file.rs:344` `decode_progressive` | Decodes whole compressed file into a `Vec<f32>`; de-facto playback source. |
+| `daw-backend/src/audio/pool.rs:1071` `load_file_into_pool` | Every audio file in a saved project fully decoded to `InMemory` on open. |
+| `lightningbeam-core/src/video.rs:711` `extract_audio_from_video` | Whole video audio track into one `Vec<f32>`. |
+| `lightningbeam-core/src/video.rs:412` `VideoManager.frame_cache` | Unbounded `HashMap` of full-res RGBA frames; grows while scrubbing. |
+| `export/mod.rs:388-400` | Mux step buffers all compressed packets into `Vec`s; O(duration). |
+| `lightningbeam-core/src/raster_layer.rs:115` `RasterKeyframe.raw_pixels` | ~8MB/frame at 1080p; all keyframes decoded from PNG at load (`file_io.rs:611-640`), never evicted. |
+| `lightningbeam-editor/src/gpu_brush.rs:1051` `raster_layer_cache` | Unbounded GPU texture `HashMap`. |
+| `lightningbeam-core/src/renderer.rs:25` `ImageCache` | Unbounded decoded image cache (asset textures). |
+| `Document.image_assets` (`document.rs:206`) | Every image asset's compressed bytes resident for document life. |
+
+---
+
+## Container format decision: `.beam` → SQLite  *(DECIDED)*
+
+The `.beam` container moves from a **ZIP archive** to a **SQLite database file** (same
+`.beam` extension). This is the foundation the rest of the plan builds on.
+
+### Why
+ZIP can stream `Stored` entries in place (via `data_start()`), but it has **no in-place
+mutation** — every save and every raster frame write-back rewrites the whole archive — and
+embedded PCM is rarely mmap-aligned. The current load path is even worse: it reads each
+ZIP audio entry fully, decodes FLAC → re-encodes WAV → base64 → base64-decodes → temp file
+→ full Symphonia decode → resident `Vec<f32>` (`file_io.rs:513-604`, `pool.rs:1071`).
+
+SQLite dissolves the single-file-vs-performance tension:
+- **Single file** — beginner-friendly, behaves like a file on every OS (no package-folder
+  confusion; we have no bundle magic on Linux/Windows).
+- **Streaming reads** — `sqlite3_blob_open` / `blob_read(offset, len)` gives seekable,
+  chunked reads through the pager (mmap mode for the DB). For chunked streaming the
+  pager-copy is negligible vs. decode cost, so the lack of zero-copy mmap doesn't matter.
+- **Cheap, crash-safe mutation** — raster frame write-back is a transactional `UPDATE`;
+  save is a metadata write + dirty-blob updates. **ACID** means a force-quit / power loss /
+  crash mid-save can't corrupt the project (ZIP and package-dirs both have to hand-roll
+  atomicity).
+- **Inspectable / scriptable** — `sqlite3` CLI; `beam_inspector.py` can read it directly.
+
+**Net effect: there is no scratch directory anywhere in this plan.** Media stream via blob
+reads (or external paths); raster frames live in blob rows and write back transactionally.
+
+### Large-media policy: packed OR referenced
+Two storage modes per media item, both supported:
+- **Packed** — bytes live in the DB. To stay under SQLite's ~2GB per-blob ceiling (and to
+  make reads naturally chunked), large media is split into **multiple blob-chunk rows**
+  (e.g. 64 MB/chunk); streaming reads address `(chunk_index, offset)`.
+- **Referenced** — the DB stores only a path; bytes stay on disk (useful for shared media
+  on a network drive, or media too large/volatile to pack).
+
+**Default-mode preference for files over the per-blob limit (~2GB):**
+- A user preference `large_media_default: Pack | Reference` controls what happens to
+  imports above the threshold.
+- The **first time** the user imports a media file over the limit, **prompt** them
+  (Pack vs Reference), apply it, and **persist the choice** as the preference for future
+  large imports (changeable later in settings).
+- Files under the limit are packed by default (chunked only if needed).
+
+### Schema sketch
+```
+media(
+  id BLOB PRIMARY KEY,        -- stable Uuid
+  kind INTEGER,               -- audio | video | raster | image-asset
+  codec TEXT,                 -- "flac","mp3","png",... (original, lossless-preserving)
+  storage INTEGER,            -- 0 = packed, 1 = referenced
+  ext_path TEXT,              -- set when storage = referenced
+  total_len INTEGER,          -- bytes (packed) for chunk math
+  channels INTEGER, sample_rate INTEGER, width INTEGER, height INTEGER  -- kind-specific meta
+)
+media_chunk(
+  media_id BLOB, chunk_index INTEGER, bytes BLOB,
+  PRIMARY KEY (media_id, chunk_index)
+)
+project_json(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY CHECK (id = 0), data TEXT)   -- existing project.json, verbatim
+meta(key TEXT PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT)                           -- version, created, modified
+```
+`project.json` stays the same serialized `BeamProject` for now — only its container and the
+media storage change. A migration reads a legacy ZIP `.beam` and writes the SQLite form on
+first open/save.
+
+### Streaming reads from packed media
+A `BlobReader` implementing `Read + Seek` over `media_chunk` rows feeds the existing
+streaming consumers unchanged: `CompressedReader` (audio) decodes from it instead of a
+`File`; the video decoder seeks within it; raster `UPDATE`s a chunk. Referenced media uses a
+plain `File` exactly as `do_import_audio` already does for originals today.
+
+---
+
+## Phase 1 — Audio: activate what already exists  *(highest impact, lowest effort)*
+
+### 1a. Turn on the compressed-audio disk reader
+The `CompressedReader` + 3-second `ReadAheadBuffer` in `disk_reader.rs` is complete but
+never invoked (`DiskReaderCommand::ActivateFile` / `DiskReader::create_buffer` are never
+called; `AudioClip::read_ahead` at `clip.rs:63` is hard-wired to `None`).
+- On compressed import (`engine.rs:2381`) and during playback setup, activate the file and
+  assign `AudioClip::read_ahead`.
+- Change `decode_progressive` (`io/audio_file.rs:344`) to produce only the downsampled
+  waveform overview (min/max peaks) the UI needs, then drop decoded PCM. Playback comes
+  from the ring buffer, not RAM.
+- Verify `render_from_file` (`pool.rs:449`) reads from `read_ahead` when `data()` is empty.
+
+**Risk:** the real-time thread must never block on disk. The ring buffer prefetches ~2s
+ahead; underruns degrade to silence (live) or block-wait (export), which `disk_reader.rs`
+already distinguishes.
+
+### 1b. Stream on project load  *(depends on the SQLite container)*
+Three coupled changes (none works alone):
+1. Replace `load_file_into_pool`'s full decode (`pool.rs:1071`) with the same branching as
+   `do_import_audio`: PCM → mmap (referenced) or in-memory for tiny packed PCM; compressed
+   (incl. FLAC) → `from_compressed` placeholder backed by a `BlobReader` (packed) or `File`
+   (referenced). The claxon FLAC→WAV→base64 round-trip in `file_io.rs:533-591` is deleted.
+2. **Bulk read-ahead activation:** loaded clips are deserialized directly
+   (`audio_backend.project`), bypassing `AddAudioClip`, so the Phase 1a wiring never fires
+   for them. After the engine installs the project, walk all audio clips and
+   `create_buffer` + `ActivateFile` + set `read_ahead` for every clip referencing a
+   `Compressed` pool entry. (`CompressedReader::open` needs a variant that takes a
+   `BlobReader` instead of a path for packed media.)
+3. Pool entries carry storage mode (packed-chunks vs referenced path) from the `media`
+   table instead of base64 `embedded_data`.
+
+### 1c. Video's embedded audio track — stream from the video via ffmpeg
+
+**Interim stopgap (shipped):** `extract_audio_from_video_to_wav` streams the decoded audio to
+a temp WAV, imported via `import_audio_sync` (mmap). Fixes the RAM OOM but writes the whole
+uncompressed track to `/tmp` (fills small temp partitions) and the temp path doesn't survive
+save/reload. **Superseded by the design below.**
+
+**Proper design — stream the video's audio track on demand, never materialized.**
+
+*Enabler:* `daw-backend` already depends on `ffmpeg-next` (used for MP3/AAC encoding), so the
+ffmpeg audio decoder lives beside `CompressedReader` in `daw-backend/src/audio/`. No
+cross-crate work (`core → daw-backend` is one-way). `CompressedReader` already has the needed
+interface.
+
+1. **`VideoAudioReader` (ffmpeg)** — mirrors `CompressedReader`:
+   `open(path)`, `decode_next(&mut Vec<f32>) -> frames` (resample → interleaved f32 at native
+   rate; reuse the old extraction resampler), `seek(target_frame) -> actual`,
+   `sample_rate`/`channels`/`total_frames`.
+2. **Source dispatch:** `enum StreamSource { Compressed(CompressedReader), Video(VideoAudioReader) }`
+   (or a small `trait AudioFrameSource`) held by the reader thread; ring buffer / prefetch /
+   export-blocking unchanged. `DiskReaderCommand::ActivateFile` gains a `kind: SourceKind`.
+3. **Pool model:** `AudioStorage::VideoAudio { video_path, decoded_for_waveform, decoded_frames,
+   total_frames }` (near-copy of `Compressed`); `data()` empty, playback via `read_ahead`. Pool
+   entry `path` = the video file.
+4. **Engine API:** `EngineController::add_video_audio_sync(video_path) -> usize` — ffmpeg-probe
+   the audio track (rate/channels/frames/duration, no decode), build the pool entry, return index.
+5. **Clip activation:** extend the Phase 1a `AddAudioClip` wiring — if entry is `VideoAudio`,
+   make the buffer + `ActivateFile{kind:VideoAudio, path:video_path}` + set `clip.read_ahead`.
+   One ffmpeg context + 3 s buffer per active clip instance.
+6. **Import flow:** `import_video` calls `add_video_audio_sync(video_path)` →
+   `AudioClip::new_sampled`. **Remove** `extract_audio_from_video_to_wav`, the temp-WAV
+   handling, and the now-dead `add_audio_file_sync`. No WAV / `/tmp` / RAM.
+7. **Save/load:** the `VideoAudio` entry serializes as a path reference to the video (no media
+   bytes — the video is already referenced by its `VideoClip`); reconstruct on load by
+   re-probing. Fixes the stopgap's reload fragility (nothing to persist).
+8. **Waveform overview:** background ffmpeg pass emitting **downsampled peaks only** (bounded
+   memory) into the existing waveform path — shared with the Phase 1a `decode_progressive`
+   cleanup.
+
+**Sample accuracy (required — video audio must stay frame-synced with other clips):**
+Coarse ffmpeg seeks are NOT sufficient. `VideoAudioReader::seek(target_frame)` must:
+- coarse-seek to a point ≤ target, then **decode-and-discard** to land exactly on
+  `target_frame`, tracking the absolute sample position from decoded-frame PTS (discard whole
+  frames before target; for the frame straddling target, drop its leading samples). After
+  `seek`, `decode_next` yields samples starting at exactly `target_frame`.
+- This makes frame N of the video-audio pool entry correspond to the exact timeline position,
+  so it mixes sample-aligned with mmap/InMemory clips. Continuous decode advances frame-exact.
+- *Consistency note:* `CompressedReader` should get the same decode-discard alignment (its
+  current coarse-seek-then-write-at-target can misalign by up to a GOP after a seek). Fold in
+  while here, or at least flag.
+
+*Model decision (confirmed):* the video's audio stays a **separate, editable `AudioClip`** on
+an audio track, backed by the `VideoAudio` pool entry — users can move/trim/mute/detach it.
+
+*Build order:* `VideoAudioReader` + `StreamSource` → pool `VideoAudio` variant →
+`add_video_audio_sync` + activation → swap `import_video` (remove WAV path) → sample-accurate
+seek (both readers) → waveform-peaks pass.
+
+---
+
+## Phase 2 — Video: bound the caches  *(small, isolated)*
+
+### 2a. Bound `VideoManager.frame_cache`
+`video.rs:412` — convert the unbounded `HashMap<(Uuid,i64), Arc<VideoFrame>>` to an LRU
+mirroring the decoder-level cache (`video.rs:34`). Frame-count or byte budget.
+
+### 2b. Stream the export mux
+`export/mod.rs:388-400` — interleave-write packets to the output as produced (compare PTS,
+write the earlier stream) instead of collecting all then writing. O(duration) → O(1).
+
+---
+
+## Phase 3 — Raster: disk-backed keyframe paging  *(the heavy one)*  **[locked design]**
+
+Today `load_beam_sqlite` (`file_io.rs:564`) eagerly `decode_png`s **every** raster keyframe's
+`Raster` media row into `RasterKeyframe.raw_pixels` (`raster_layer.rs:115`, `w·h·4` ≈ 8 MB @
+1080p, `#[serde(skip)]`), never evicts, has an unbounded GPU texture cache, and holds full-frame
+undo snapshots. `raw_pixels` is the working rep (edits write it, save reads it, render reads it),
+`has_pixels()` = `!raw_pixels.is_empty()`, `keyframe_at` is a `partition_point` binary search, and
+the container is opened only at load/save (no live handle).
+
+**Design (confirmed with user):** keep `raw_pixels` as the working rep; make residency explicit
+via a `RasterStore` + an editor-run fault-in/evict pass *before* the immutable render. Async
+fault-in (no scrub hitch), with a **low-res image proxy** shown until the full frame lands.
+Decisions: small window (±~2 keyframes); **dirty (edited-unsaved) frames stay fully resident**
+(spill-to-scratch deferred); fault-in is **async**; proxy is a **per-keyframe low-res RGBA image**
+(PNG/WebP, correct alpha), NOT a video (VP9-alpha was rejected as finicky for negligible disk win).
+
+### Drive-by (Arc pixels): DROPPED
+Investigated and rejected: `raw_pixels` has ~64 access sites, and most `.clone()`s genuinely need
+an owned `Vec<u8>` (undo buffers, export, GPU readback) so `Arc<Vec<u8>>` would force `(*p).clone()`
+and still copy. The only beneficiary, the per-frame `renderer.rs:550` Vello clone, is on the
+**legacy/dead** path — the live HDR canvas renders raster as `RenderedLayerType::Raster` → GPU
+upload in `stage.rs` which passes a `&[u8]` slice and uploads only on cache-miss (no per-frame
+clone). Not worth 64 edits. Start at 3a.
+
+### 3a. Lazy async fault-in + image proxy
+- **[DONE 3a-1]** Lazy load: full-decode removed; `raw_pixels` empty on load, `needs_fault_in`
+  armed recursively; canvas records misses → App pages in via `RasterStore.load_pixels`.
+- **[DONE 3a-2]** Async: page-in runs on a background thread (deduped via `raster_loads_inflight`);
+  results applied at top of `update()`. No UI block on cold scrub.
+- **[DONE 3a-3]** Image proxy: `MediaKind::RasterProxy` (≤192px PNG, derived id), written
+  beside each resident full PNG on save + eager-decoded on load into `RasterKeyframe::proxy`.
+  Separate `proxy_layer_cache` (own LRU, budget 64); the raster render blits the proxy mapped to
+  the keyframe's FULL logical dims (upscales via sampler) when the full texture isn't resident.
+  *(Proxies exist only after a save+reload; eager decode → lazy/paged is a refinement for huge
+  paint projects.)*
+
+- **`RasterStore`** (core): current `.beam` path + a read-only connection; `load_pixels(kf_id,w,h)`
+  reads the `Raster` row and `decode_png`s it. Set/cleared by the editor on load + save-as.
+- **Save:** alongside the full PNG, write a low-res RGBA proxy per resident keyframe
+  (`MediaKind::RasterProxy`, ≤~480px long edge, keyed by `kf.id`).
+- **Load:** stop eager full-decode; decode **proxies** eagerly (cheap → instant scrub everywhere);
+  leave full `raw_pixels` empty.
+- **Fault-in pass** (editor, `&mut document` + store, each frame before render): for each raster
+  layer ensure the active keyframe ±N is requested; load full PNGs on a **background thread pool**;
+  on arrival, set `raw_pixels` + `texture_dirty`. Render uses full `raw_pixels` if resident, else the
+  upscaled proxy. Reused by the exporter (already frame-by-frame).
+
+### 3b. Residency window + eviction  **[DONE]**
+- Added `#[serde(skip)] dirty: bool` (edited-since-persist; distinct from `texture_dirty`). Set on
+  stroke/fill/paint-bucket/floating-lift commits + undo/redo; cleared on save (which re-arms the LRU).
+- Implemented as a fault-in-recency **LRU** (`RASTER_RESIDENT_MAX = 12`), not a strict ±N window:
+  evict the oldest **clean** frame (drop `raw_pixels`, re-arm `needs_fault_in`); the shown frame is
+  always most-recent so it's protected; **dirty frames never evicted**. Save preserves evicted frames'
+  rows via `media_exists` (no data loss) and walks all layers to match load.
+  *(Refinement deferred: count budget → byte budget for 4K resolution-robustness.)*
+
+### 3c. Bound the GPU cache  **[DONE for raster_layer_cache]**
+`raster_layer_cache` (`gpu_brush.rs`, `HashMap<Uuid,CanvasPair>`, Rgba16Float ping-pong
+≈ `w·h·16`/entry, was **unbounded**) → recency LRU (`RASTER_LAYER_CACHE_MAX = 12`) in
+`ensure_layer_texture`: bump-to-most-recent + evict oldest; shown frames protected. F3 overlay
+now shows tracked VRAM (raster cache MB + count). *(Refinements: count→byte budget; raise/headroom
+if >12 raster layers are visible at once. Export `raster_cache` lives one export — fine. Vello
+`ImageCache` is image *assets* → Phase 4.)*
+
+### 3d. Undo memory  **[DONE]**
+`RasterStrokeAction`/`RasterFillAction` stored `buffer_before`+`buffer_after` full frames.
+Now store a `RasterDiff` (`actions/raster_diff.rs`) — changed bbox before/after only, computed in
+`new()`, full buffers dropped. Undo/redo apply onto the keyframe's resident pixels; the editor
+faults the target frame in first (`Action::raster_resident_hint` + `peek_undo/redo_raster_hint`),
+correct because a clean evicted frame's container bytes == its logical state. Non-resident base ⇒
+skip (no corruption). Unit-tested round-trip. *(Refinement: compress full-canvas-fill diffs, whose
+bbox is the whole frame.)*
+
+### 3e. Prefetch frames  **[DONE for playback]**
+Implemented for playback: each update during playback, page in the next `PREFETCH_AHEAD=4`
+upcoming keyframes per raster layer (reusing the async worker + `raster_loads_inflight` dedup), so
+full frames are resident before the playhead arrives — fixes "proxy on every frame"/flicker during
+playback. *(Caveat: with many simultaneous raster layers the 12-frame resident budget may evict a
+prefetched frame before it's shown — raise budget or scale prefetch if that surfaces. Scrub-direction
+prefetch still TODO.)*
+
+Original note: *(future, after 3d — pure latency win, no correctness need)*
+Fault-in is reactive (page in only on a render miss), so a never-visited frame still shows the
+proxy for a beat before the full lands. **Prefetch the full pixels for frames about to be shown**:
+on scrub/playback, dispatch background page-ins for the active keyframe ±N in the direction of
+playhead motion (and during playback, the next K keyframes), reusing the 3a-2 async worker +
+`raster_loads_inflight` dedup. Keep prefetched frames in the 3b LRU so they're still bounded; cap
+concurrent prefetch loads so scrubbing fast doesn't thrash the disk. Optional: also prewarm the GPU
+texture (3c cache) for the immediate next frame. Net effect: cold scrubbing/playback shows full-res
+frames with no proxy flicker. Proxy stays as the instant fallback when prefetch can't keep up.
+
+### Build order & tests
+1. Arc drive-by — COW make_mut test. 2. 3a fault-in + store + proxy — load→empty-until-faulted,
+PNG round-trip, proxy-then-swap. 3. 3b window/evict/dirty — residency ≤ window while scrubbing,
+dirty never evicted. 4. 3c GPU bound. 5. 3d undo diffs reproduce pre-stroke buffer exactly.
+
+---
+
+## Phase 3.5 — Image textures in vector scenes  **[DONE 2026-06-21]**  *(prereq for Phase 4; fixed DCEL-broken image import)*
+
+**Done:** 3.5a — import/drop places an image as a borderless image-filled rectangle
+(`AddShapeAction::image_rect`), centered (direct import) or at the drop point (library drag);
+renderer now maps the image brush onto the fill's bounding box (was anchored at world origin →
+only a corner showed); `SetImageFillAction` + an **Image** fill-type tab (None|Solid|Gradient|Image)
+with an asset picker in the Info Panel. 3.5b — image bytes persist as `MediaKind::ImageAsset` rows in
+the `.beam` (kept-in-place; `ImageAsset.data` is `skip_serializing` + container-backed; old base64
+projects migrate on re-save); eager-read on load. *(ImageCache still unbounded — Phase 4 adds the
+usage-based LRU/lazy paging.)*
+
+### (original plan below)
+## Phase 3.5 — Image textures in vector scenes  *(prereq for testing Phase 4; fixes DCEL-broken image import)*
+
+**Why:** Phase 4 pages *image assets*, but there's currently no way to get an image asset into a
+vector scene — so nothing to page. This also repairs image import, half-broken since the DCEL switch.
+
+**Current state (audited 2026-06-21):**
+- *Works:* `import_image` (`main.rs`) decodes dims + creates an `ImageAsset` (raw bytes embedded in
+  `Document::image_assets`, serialized as **base64 in project JSON**). The renderer's image-fill paths
+  are **complete** — GPU/Vello (`renderer.rs:~1160`, `ImageBrush` via `ImageCache.get_or_decode`) and
+  CPU/tiny-skia (`renderer.rs:~1486`). `Fill::image_fill` (`vector_graph/mod.rs:110`) and
+  `Face::image_fill` (`dcel2/mod.rs:117`) fields exist and render when set.
+- *Broken/missing (the workflow):*
+  1. **Drop image → canvas is stubbed:** `stage.rs:~11782` and `main.rs:~4924` both just print
+     "Image drag to stage not yet supported with DCEL backend". Nothing is added to the scene.
+  2. **No way to assign an image fill:** no `SetImageFillAction` (only `SetFillPaintAction` for
+     color/gradient); no Info-Panel picker. `Fill`/`Face.image_fill` are never populated.
+  3. **DCEL faces never get `image_fill`** (`dcel2/import.rs:275` always `None`; topology copies from
+     parent which is also `None`).
+  4. **Not in the container:** `MediaKind::ImageAsset` exists but is **dead** — image bytes live only
+     as base64 in project JSON. Not chunked, not pageable (so Phase 4 can't page them).
+
+**Tasks:**
+- **3.5a — Place + assign.** Replace the two drop stubs: dropping an image onto a vector layer creates
+  a rectangle face sized to the image at the drop point with `image_fill = asset_id`. Add
+  `SetImageFillAction` (set/clear an image fill on the selected face/shape; mirrors `SetFillPaintAction`)
+  + an Info-Panel image-asset picker for the selected shape's fill. Populate `Face.image_fill` in DCEL
+  (and keep it through topology ops — already copied from parent).
+- **3.5b — Persist in the container.** Write image assets as `MediaKind::ImageAsset` rows in the `.beam`
+  SQLite (like raster/audio: write on save kept-in-place on re-save; read on load), keyed by asset id;
+  drop the base64-in-JSON embedding (or keep a tiny ref). This is the storage Phase 4 pages from.
+- **3.5c — Lazy decode hook.** Image bytes load from the container into `ImageCache` on first render
+  (decode → `ImageBrush`/`Pixmap`). Leave `ImageCache` **unbounded for now**; Phase 4 adds the
+  usage-based LRU/eviction (this phase just makes there *be* real, container-backed image assets to page).
+- **Tests:** import→drop→render round-trip; save/reload preserves the image fill + reads bytes from the
+  container (not JSON); CPU and GPU render paths both show the image.
+
+---
+
+## Phase 4 — Asset paging by usage + LRU  *(vector's real cost is assets, not geometry)*
+
+Vector geometry is compact flat POD (tens of KB/frame, no cached tessellation/DCEL) — leave
+it resident. The heavy, evictable thing is the **image assets** referenced by fills.
+
+**Data model.**
+- `ImageAsset` (`clip.rs:250`): `path: PathBuf` + `data: Option<Vec<u8>>` (whole compressed
+  file bytes) + dims. Imported fully into `data` at `main.rs:3936`.
+- All assets resident in `Document.image_assets: HashMap<Uuid, ImageAsset>` (`document.rs:206`).
+- Decoded form in `ImageCache` (`renderer.rs:25`): `HashMap<Uuid, Arc<ImageBrush>>` + CPU
+  `Pixmap` map, keyed by asset id, **unbounded**.
+- A `Fill` references an asset by `image_fill: Option<Uuid>` (`vector_graph/mod.rs:110`).
+  Same UUID may appear in many fills/keyframes/layers and recursively through clip instances.
+  **No asset→frame or frame→asset index exists today.**
+
+**Two evictable tiers:** Tier 1 = compressed bytes (`ImageAsset.data`, droppable, reload
+from blob row or external `path`); Tier 2 = decoded pixels (`ImageCache` + GPU textures —
+the heavy one).
+
+**Progress (2026-06-21):**
+- **[DONE] Tier 2 — bound the decoded `ImageCache`.** 256 MB **usage-LRU**: every
+  `get_or_decode`/`_cpu` bumps the asset's recency; inserts past budget evict the least-recently-used
+  (a miss re-decodes from `asset.data`). Achieves usage-based eviction via render-access recency
+  (simpler than the frame→asset enumeration below; that enumeration is only needed for *prefetch*).
+- **[DONE] Tier 1 — lazy compressed bytes.** `ImageCache` holds the container path (threaded
+  App.current_file_path → SharedPaneState → VelloRenderContext) and pages bytes on a decode miss via
+  `read_packed_media_readonly`; `load_beam_sqlite` no longer eager-reads → instant load, compressed
+  bytes don't accumulate. `asset.data` is still used when resident (fresh import / old base64 project).
+  *(Refinement: persistent read connection vs open-per-miss.)*
+- **[DONE] Prefetch.** `assets_needed_at(document, time)` enumerates image ids in the visible vector
+  layers' active keyframes; during playback the stage decodes the ~0.5s-ahead set into the cache.
+  *(Refinements: nested clip-instance recursion; background-thread decode.)*
+
+**Phase 4 = DONE** (image asset paging by usage + LRU).
+
+### 4a. Frame→asset enumeration (incl. nested clips — see note below)
+A function `assets_needed_at(time) -> HashSet<Uuid>`: walk each visible vector layer's active
+`ShapeKeyframe`, collect `fill.image_fill` across its `VectorGraph.fills`, **recursing into
+clip instances** with the outer→inner local-time mapping. This is "needed now". Scanning
+upcoming keyframes (and upcoming nested-clip keyframes) gives "needed soon" for prefetch.
+
+### 4b. Usage bookkeeping (the multi-frame problem)
+Maintain a reverse index `asset_id → usage count` (fills referencing it across the whole
+document), updated incrementally as edits add/remove `image_fill`s (hook the fill-mutation
+paths in `vector_graph` and the relevant actions).
+- count 0 → dead, fully evictable / GC candidate.
+- count > 0 → keep metadata; residency of `data`/decoded pixels driven by **proximity to
+  playhead**, not by count (a high-count asset far from the playhead is still evicted).
+
+Residency decision: `resident = needed-now ∪ needed-soon`; beyond that, an **LRU with a byte
+budget** for referenced-but-distant assets (covers scrubbing back without a reload).
+Eviction never touches an asset in needed-now.
+
+### 4c. Bound the decoded tier
+Convert `ImageCache`'s two maps to LRU/byte-budgeted (`renderer.rs:25`) and bound the GPU
+image-texture cache the same way, keyed to the residency window.
+
+### Nested-clip prefetch (important)
+A clip instance placed on an outer frame has its **own internal timeline of keyframes**,
+each of which can reference its own image assets. Prefetch must therefore:
+- Recurse through clip instances when computing both needed-now and needed-soon.
+- Map outer playhead time → each nested clip's local time, and look ahead along the
+  **nested** timeline (not just the outer one) so assets used by an upcoming *inner*
+  keyframe are loaded before the nested clip reaches it.
+- Deduplicate across the whole recursion (an asset shared by outer and inner frames counts
+  once); the usage index handles refcounting.
+
+---
+
+## Cross-cutting: a shared residency abstraction
+
+A generic **`PagedStore<Id, Payload>`** with three consumers — always-resident metadata,
+disk backing, residency = window/needed-set around playhead + LRU byte budget:
+
+| Consumer | Metadata kept | Paged payload | Backing | "Needed now" key |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| Raster keyframes (Ph 3) | id, dims, time | `raw_pixels` + GPU texture | SQLite blob row (`UPDATE` on write-back) | active keyframe per layer |
+| Image assets (Ph 4) | id, dims, storage | `data` bytes + decoded pixels/texture | SQLite blob row or external path | fills' `image_fill` set at time (recursive) |
+| Video frames (Ph 2a) | — | RGBA frame | source via ffmpeg seek | requested timestamps |
+
+Audio stays separate (real-time ring buffer, different constraints). The frame→asset
+enumeration + usage index is unique to Phase 4.
+
+---
+
+## Sequencing
+1. **Phase 1a** — done; independent of the container, works with the current ZIP loader.
+2. **Phase 2** — small, isolated, independently shippable; container-independent.
+3. **Phase 0 (container)** — `.beam` ZIP → SQLite + `BlobReader` + large-media policy +
+   legacy-ZIP migration. Prerequisite for 1b/1c/3/4.
+4. **Phase 1b** — streaming pool loader + bulk read-ahead activation (on the SQLite store).
+5. **Phase 1c** — depends on 1b's pool path.
+6. **Phase 3** — the substantial build; implement `PagedStore` over blob rows.
+7. **Phase 4** — thin layer on the same abstraction + the frame→asset/usage index.
+
+Phase 1a and Phase 2 can ship now; everything else waits on Phase 0 (the container).
+
+---
+
+## Status
+- [~] Phase 1a — activate compressed-audio disk reader  ← **in progress**
+  - [x] Wire `ActivateFile` + assign `clip.read_ahead` on `AddAudioClip` for compressed
+        pool files (`engine.rs:909`). Per-clip reader keyed by `clip_id`; matches the
+        existing `DeactivateFile` convention in `RemoveAudioClip`. Compiles clean.
+  - [ ] Stop `decode_progressive` (`io/audio_file.rs:344`) from accumulating/streaming the
+        full PCM; emit only the downsampled waveform overview. (Crosses into the UI
+        waveform pipeline — `AudioDecodeProgress` consumer — so handled as its own step.)
+  - [ ] Runtime verification: confirm a compressed clip actually plays from the ring
+        buffer (was effectively silent before, since `read_ahead` was always `None`).
+- [~] **Phase 0 — container migration `.beam` ZIP → SQLite**  ← **in progress**
+  - [x] SQLite schema (`media`, `media_chunk`, `project_json`, `meta`) + `rusqlite` dep
+        (bundled) — `lightningbeam-core/src/beam_archive.rs`
+  - [x] `BlobReader` (`Read + Seek` over `media_chunk`, owns its own read-only connection,
+        opens a blob handle per read with rowids resolved once) — for `CompressedReader` /
+        video decoder in 1b. 5 integration tests pass (`tests/beam_archive.rs`): json
+        round-trip, packed full read, streaming reads + seeks across chunk boundaries,
+        referenced-path, overwrite-replaces-chunks.
+  - [x] Packed (chunked) + referenced media write/read API; `is_sqlite()` format detection;
+        `MediaKind`/`MediaStorage`/`MediaMeta`/`MediaInfo`.
+  - [x] `BeamArchive::transaction()` / `BeamTxn` — in-place transactional save (only
+        changed rows written; unchanged large media never rewritten); orphan cleanup via
+        `retain_media`. 7 archive tests pass (added txn-grouping + rollback). Per user: save
+        must NOT copy+rename for existing SQLite files.
+  - [x] Wire `save_beam` to `BeamArchive` — in-place txn for existing SQLite, temp+rename
+        only for new/migrated files. Audio → packed (or referenced ≥2GB) `media` rows;
+        raster → PNG `media` rows keyed by keyframe id. FLAC→WAV→base64 save round-trip
+        deleted (now packs original bytes with their codec).
+  - [x] Wire `load_beam` — format dispatch: SQLite (`load_beam_sqlite`) vs legacy ZIP
+        (`load_beam_zip_legacy`, kept verbatim). SQLite load reconstitutes packed audio into
+        `embedded_data` so the existing pool loader is unchanged (streaming = Phase 1b).
+  - [x] Legacy ZIP `.beam` → SQLite migration: `is_sqlite()` routes load; saving a
+        ZIP-loaded project writes SQLite (migrates on save). Editor compiles end-to-end.
+  - [x] Large-media policy: packed (chunked) vs referenced — `LargeMediaMode {Ask,Pack,
+        Reference}`; save honors it for files ≥`LARGE_MEDIA_THRESHOLD`. Packing streams from
+        disk via `put_media_packed_from_path` (chunk-by-chunk, never loads the whole file).
+        `Ask` behaves as `Reference` at save time.
+  - [x] `large_media_default` user preference: persisted in `AppConfig`, editable in
+        Preferences → Advanced (incl. resetting to `Ask` to re-trigger the prompt).
+  - [x] First-import-over-threshold prompt: `note_possible_large_media` (hooked into
+        import_audio/video/image) queues a one-time modal; choice persists to config.
+        Threshold shown in the modal is derived from the constant.
+  - [ ] Runtime verification: save a real project, reopen it, confirm audio + raster survive
+        round-trip; confirm an old ZIP `.beam` still opens and migrates on save.
+  - [ ] (Optimization, later) FLAC-compress packed PCM/WAV audio; raster disk-dirty flag to
+        skip unchanged frames on in-place save (Phase 3).
+
+> Note: the crate's internal `#[cfg(test)]` modules (`clip.rs`, `effect_layer.rs`) have
+> pre-existing compile breakage (old `Beats`/`TempoMap` API) unrelated to this work; it
+> blocks `cargo test --lib`, so `beam_archive` tests live in `tests/` (integration) which
+> build the lib in normal mode. Worth fixing separately.
+- [x] Phase 1b — stream on project load (PACKED audio path complete & user-verified: streams on load,
+      waveform generates + persists, sample-accurate seeking). Referenced-path streaming + MP3 seek index
+      + proper video-audio reload remain as noted follow-ups.
+  - **Decision (user):** cross-crate packed streaming via an **inversion-of-control factory** —
+    daw-backend defines the interface, core implements it over `BlobReader`. Keeps the audio
+    engine container-agnostic. (Alternatives rejected: daw-backend owning rusqlite = layering
+    violation; referenced-only-first = leaves packed <2GB in RAM.)
+  - **Current load reality (why this is needed):** *nothing* streams on load today — every entry
+    is fully decoded to a PCM `Vec<f32>`. Packed audio is base64-reconstituted into `embedded_data`
+    (`load_beam_sqlite`) → written to a temp file → `load_file_into_pool` full-decodes; referenced
+    audio also full-decodes via `load_file_into_pool`; and the Phase 1a/1c disk-reader activation
+    never fires for loaded clips (they bypass `AddAudioClip`).
+  - [x] **B1/B2 foundation (DONE, headless-tested):** in `disk_reader.rs` — `trait MediaByteSource:
+        Read+Seek+Send+Sync { byte_len }` + `trait AudioBlobSourceFactory: Send+Sync { open(media_id)
+        -> Box<dyn MediaByteSource> }`; `SymphoniaByteSource` adapter (impl `MediaSource`,
+        is_seekable/byte_len); `CompressedReader::open_source(src, ext)` sharing probe via a
+        refactored `from_mss`; `enum StreamOpen { Path, Source{src,ext} }`; `StreamSource::open` and
+        `DiskReaderCommand::ActivateFile` now take `StreamOpen` (engine site wraps `Path`); re-exported
+        `AudioBlobSourceFactory`/`MediaByteSource` at `daw_backend::audio`. Test
+        `tests/compressed_source_stream.rs` decodes an in-memory WAV through a `Cursor`-backed
+        `MediaByteSource` (proves probe+decode+seek over a byte stream). daw-backend compiles clean.
+  - [x] **B3 (engine, DONE):** `Engine.blob_source_factory: Option<Arc<dyn AudioBlobSourceFactory>>` +
+        `EngineController::set_blob_source_factory` (via `Query::SetBlobSourceFactory`, ordered before
+        `SetProject` on the same queue). `AudioFile.packed_media_id: Option<String>` (Some ⇒ open via
+        factory using `original_format` as the ext hint; None ⇒ `StreamOpen::Path`). Activation factored
+        into `Engine::activate_streaming_for(reader_id, pool_index)`, used by `AddAudioClip` and bulk.
+  - [x] **C (core factory, DONE):** `file_io::blob_source_factory(beam_path)` → `BeamBlobFactory`
+        implementing `AudioBlobSourceFactory` over `BeamArchive::open_blob_reader`. `BlobReader` holds a
+        `!Sync` rusqlite `Connection`, so it's wrapped in `SyncBlobReader` (a `Mutex` used via `get_mut`
+        on the hot path — no runtime locking) to satisfy Symphonia's `MediaSource: Send + Sync`. Installed
+        by the editor between `load_audio_pool` and `set_project`.
+  - [x] **D (load-path, DONE — packed audio):** `load_beam_sqlite` now streams packed audio whose codec
+        is recognized (`is_streamable_audio_codec`) — leaves `embedded_data` empty so the pool builds a
+        Compressed placeholder with `packed_media_id`; no base64, no temp file, no decode. `serialize`
+        round-trips packed entries by media id (so in-place re-save keeps the row). Non-audio codecs
+        (video-container audio tracks) keep the legacy reconstitution path → **no regression**.
+  - [x] **E (bulk activation, DONE):** `SetProject` calls `Engine::activate_all_streaming_clips` —
+        walks every loaded audio clip and `activate_streaming_for` (create_buffer + `ActivateFile` + set
+        `read_ahead`), the loaded-clip equivalent of the Phase 1a wiring.
+  - [x] **Waveform-on-load for streamed audio (DONE):** streaming broke the old waveform path (it came
+        from the full in-RAM decode, which no longer happens). Added
+        `disk_reader::build_waveform_pyramid_from_source(Box<dyn MediaByteSource>, ext, B)` (load-time
+        counterpart of the path-based builder). On load, the editor background-generates a pyramid for any
+        streamed entry lacking a persisted one (opens the packed blob via a local factory), sending the
+        floor through the same `waveform_result` channel `update()` drains; the next save persists it.
+        Verified in-app: packed MP3 **streams + plays** (`Activated reader=0, kind=CompressedAudio`); the
+        overview now fills in shortly after load.
+  - **Headless tests pass** (compressed_source_stream, video_audio_stream, waveform_pyramid); all three
+    crates compile clean. **Needs in-app verification:** the waveform appears after load (background gen),
+    then instantly on subsequent loads once saved; RAM stays flat on a big project.
+  - [x] **Seek alignment fix (DONE):** streamed compressed audio was ~1.2s off *after seeking*
+        (fine from the start). `CompressedReader::seek` used `SeekMode::Coarse`, which for MP3
+        byte-estimates the position and seeds the timestamp from that estimate — wrong for VBR / files
+        whose header padding the estimate ignores, so `actual_ts` (and thus the buffer's frame labels)
+        landed ~1.2s early. Switched to `SeekMode::Accurate`: Symphonia counts frame *headers* (no
+        decode) from a true anchor (current pos, or rewind-to-0 for backward seeks) → exact `actual_ts`;
+        the existing sub-frame `pending_discard` finishes the job. FLAC/OGG seek cheaply (seek tables);
+        a long MP3 backward seek walks headers from 0 (I/O, not decode). Tests still green.
+  - [ ] **Deferred (follow-up):** per-file **seek index** for elementary streams (MP3) — a one-time
+        header scan (ts↔byte map) to make far seeks O(1) instead of an Accurate header-walk from the
+        anchor. Matters for multi-hour MP3s; song-length files are fine as-is.
+  - [x] **Proper video-audio reload (DONE):** a video's audio is now stored as a **path reference** to
+        the video (never packed/embedded as audio media) and **re-probed via FFmpeg** on load into a
+        streaming `VideoAudio` entry — `AudioPoolEntry.is_video_audio` flag drives both `serialize`
+        (reference, not pack), `save_beam` (`reference_it |= is_video_audio`), and `load_from_serialized`
+        (`VideoAudioReader::open` → `from_video_audio`). Fixes 5.1 audio losing its channels on reload
+        (the old Symphonia reconstitution collapsed it); also no more decode-whole-video-to-RAM / temp
+        files on load. Old saves (video mis-packed as audio) self-heal on the next save.
+  - [ ] **Deferred (follow-up):** stream *referenced* (external-path) **audio** on load too — replace
+        `load_file_into_pool`'s full decode with the `do_import_audio` branching (PCM → mmap, compressed
+        → `from_compressed` placeholder). Higher risk (touches the working referenced path); packed
+        covers the common <2GB case first.
+  - [x] **DONE: packed video streaming.** Small videos pack into the `.beam`
+        (a `MediaKind::Video` blob at the clip id, `VideoClip.media_id` referencing it) and stream **both
+        frames and audio** from the DB blob via FFmpeg. The `AVIOContext`-over-`Read+Seek` shim lives in
+        the new `ffmpeg-blob-io` crate (`BlobInput`, version-pinned `=8.0.0`/`=8.0.1`), isolating the
+        unsafe + ABI coupling. Frames: `video.rs` `VideoSource{Path,Packed}` opens a fresh `BlobReader`
+        per decoder/seek/scan. Audio: `VideoAudioReader::open_source` over the same blob (the
+        `disk_reader.rs` `StreamSource` blocker is removed); save points the linked video-audio pool
+        entry's `media_id` at the video row so it streams from the same blob. Tests: ffmpeg-blob-io AVIO
+        unit tests (WAV via Cursor + seek + open/drop loop), core `packed_video_stream` (blob→AVIO→Input),
+        `beam_archive` packed-video round-trip, daw-backend `open_source` (compiles; can't link in the
+        container — user runtime-verifies actual A/V playback).
+- [~] Phase 1c — video embedded-audio track  ← **stopgap shipped; proper design next**
+  - [x] Stopgap: `extract_audio_from_video_to_wav` streams to a temp WAV → `import_audio_sync`
+        (mmap). Fixed the ~2.8GB-`Vec<f32>` OOM. But writes the whole WAV to `/tmp` (fills
+        small temp partitions) and the temp path doesn't survive reload.
+  - [~] **Proper design** (see "Phase 1c" body): stream the video's audio on demand via a new
+        ffmpeg `VideoAudioReader` in the disk reader — no extraction, no `/tmp`, no RAM; path
+        reference survives save/load.
+    - [x] **Step 1 (DONE):** `VideoAudioReader` (ffmpeg) + `StreamSource` enum + `SourceKind`
+          in `disk_reader.rs`. Sample-accurate seek (coarse seek + decode-discard to exact
+          frame via PTS). 2 integration tests pass (`daw-backend/tests/video_audio_stream.rs`):
+          in-order decode + sample-exact seek at several targets. (Found: mono frames have an
+          empty channel layout → must `set_channel_layout` before resampling, else swr returns
+          AVERROR_INPUT_CHANGED.) Lib compiles clean; `StreamSource` `#[allow(dead_code)]`
+          until wired. `VideoAudioReader` made `pub` for the integration test.
+    - [x] **Step 2 (DONE):** `AudioStorage::VideoAudio { decoded_for_waveform, decoded_frames,
+          total_frames }` + `AudioFile::from_video_audio` (path = the video file). `data()`
+          empty / `read_samples()` 0 (streamed). `Query::AddVideoAudioSync` +
+          `do_add_video_audio` (probes via `VideoAudioReader::open`, no decode) +
+          `EngineController::add_video_audio_sync`. `GetPoolAudioSamples` surfaces VideoAudio's
+          waveform overview too. daw-backend compiles clean; probe `total_frames` test passes.
+    - [x] **Step 3 (DONE):** reader thread now holds `StreamSource` (opens via
+          `StreamSource::open(path, kind)`, dispatches `sample_rate()/channels()/seek/decode_next`);
+          `ActivateFile` carries `kind: SourceKind`; `#[allow(dead_code)]` removed. `AddAudioClip`
+          activation maps `Compressed`→`CompressedAudio`, `VideoAudio`→`VideoAudio`, creates the
+          read-ahead buffer + `ActivateFile{kind}` + sets `clip.read_ahead`. Compressed path is
+          behaviorally identical (StreamSource::Compressed wraps the same CompressedReader).
+          daw-backend + editor compile clean; VideoAudioReader tests still pass.
+          ⚠️ Not runtime-verified — needs in-app check that compressed audio still plays (no
+          regression) and that an activated VideoAudio clip produces sound.
+    - [x] **Step 4 (DONE):** `import_video` now calls `add_video_audio_sync(video_path)` →
+          pool index, fetches channels/sample_rate via `get_pool_file_info`, makes the
+          `AudioClip` with the video's duration. **No WAV / /tmp / RAM.** Removed the stopgap
+          (`extract_audio_from_video_to_wav` + WAV helpers + `ExtractedAudioInfo`), dead
+          `add_audio_file_sync` (+ `Query::AddAudioFileSync` / `QueryResponse::AudioFileAddedSync`
+          / handler), and the now-unreachable `AudioExtractionResult::NoAudio`. Kept
+          `import_audio_sync` (still used by normal audio import). daw-backend + editor clean.
+          **→ Feature is live end-to-end; ready for in-app testing.**
+    - [x] **Step 5 (DONE):** `CompressedReader` now seeks sample-accurately too — coarse
+          symphonia seek + decode-discard (`pending_discard` set from `seeked.actual_ts` in
+          `seek`, applied in `decode_next`, which continues rather than reporting EOF when a
+          whole packet is discarded). So compressed clips no longer drift vs video audio after
+          a seek. Test `compressed_reader_seek_is_sample_accurate` passes (the WAV coarse seek
+          lands pre-target, exercising the discard). `CompressedReader` made `pub` for the test.
+    - [~] Step 6: **bounded waveform overview** — replaces today's full-resolution
+          `raw_audio_cache`/GPU waveform (which doesn't scale: it stores every sample at mip 0,
+          so a long file is multi-GB on GPU + RAM — the same memory issue, and the Phase 1a
+          `decode_progressive` leftover). Design below. Slices: (1a) streaming pyramid builder
+          + (1b) persistence + (1c) min/max GPU upload, then (2) LRU tile cache + re-decode floor.
+      - [x] **Slice 1a (DONE):** `daw-backend/src/audio/waveform_pyramid.rs` —
+            `WaveformPyramidBuilder` streams interleaved samples, accumulates the floor, and
+            reduces `BRANCH(4):1` at `finish` into a root-first pyramid (convention B:
+            `levels[0]`=root envelope, `levels.last()`=floor, `.root()`/`.floor()` accessors).
+            Ragged last buckets reduce over available children (no value padding). Bounded
+            (~22 MB/2 h @ B=256). 7 integration tests pass (`tests/waveform_pyramid.rs`):
+            bucket min/max, partial flush, multi-level envelope == global min/max, root-first
+            ordering, stereo channels, size bound, chunk-agnostic.
+      - [~] **Slice 1b (data layer DONE; orchestration folded into 1c):**
+            - [x] Generation bridge `disk_reader::build_waveform_pyramid(path, kind, B)` — streams
+                  a decode (`StreamSource` over symphonia/ffmpeg) into the builder; bounded
+                  memory (one chunk + the pyramid). Test: envelope matches the signal through
+                  both backends.
+            - [x] Serialization `WaveformPyramid::to_bytes`/`from_bytes` (LBWF blob; f32 texels —
+                  f16 a later size optimization). Round-trip test + rejects truncated/garbage.
+            - [x] `MediaKind::Waveform` in the SQLite container (keyed by the audio item's id).
+            - [ ] Orchestration (with 1c).
+      - [~] **Slice 1c (in-memory floor overview DONE; persistence next):**
+            - [x] `waveform_gpu`: `PendingUpload.minmax` flag + `pack_texel` helper; `upload_audio`
+                  threads `minmax` (frame_stride 4, packs `(Lmin,Lmax,Rmin,Rmax)` directly).
+                  The texture is already Rgba16Float and the GPU mipgen builds zoom-out levels, so
+                  only the texel-packing differs. Render the floor at **effective rate `sr/B`** (so
+                  time→texel maps B samples/texel) and `total_frames = floor_texel_count`.
+            - [x] `AppConfig.waveform_floor_samples_per_texel` (default 256, user-configurable).
+            - [x] App: `waveform_minmax_pools: HashMap<usize, u32>` (pool → `B`, carries the floor rate
+                  with full float precision) + a `(pool, packed_floor, sr, channels, B)` results channel;
+                  drained in `update()` → `raw_audio_cache.insert(floor)` + flag pool + `waveform_gpu_dirty`.
+            - [x] Generation: on video-audio import Success, the same bg thread streams
+                  `disk_reader::build_waveform_pyramid(path, VideoAudio, B)` once and sends the packed
+                  `floor()`. (Video-audio has no in-RAM samples, so this is what makes its waveform appear.)
+            - [x] Threaded `waveform_minmax_pools` through the pane-context (`panes/mod.rs` +
+                  main.rs construction) → `render_layers` → **both** render sites (collapsed-group
+                  ~timeline.rs:3048 AND expanded-track ~3613): compute `total_frames = len/4`,
+                  `eff_sr = sr/B`, set `minmax`. Compiles clean (editor `cargo check` = 0 errors).
+            - [x] Shader fix: `waveform.wgsl` now reads the **nearest integer LOD via `textureLoad`**
+                  instead of sampling a fractional mip. Trilinear blends two levels whose row-major
+                  linearizations differ → horizontal shift that flips each 0.5 of `mip_f` (= each 2x
+                  zoom step), the "every other zoom level is offset" artifact. **User-confirmed fixed:**
+                  features hold position at every zoom and line up with playback.
+                  See memory `waveform-shader-fractional-mip-offset`.
+            - [x] **Persistence (done):** the full pyramid is serialized (`to_bytes`) on generation and
+                  kept in `App.waveform_pyramid_blobs`. `save_beam` writes it as a `MediaKind::Waveform`
+                  row keyed by a **deterministic id derived from the pool index** (`file_io::waveform_media_id`,
+                  "LBWF" sentinel in the high 32 bits) — independent of how the audio bytes are stored, so
+                  it works for packed/referenced/video-audio alike, and an in-place re-save reuses the row.
+                  Carried in/out via a transient `#[serde(skip)] AudioPoolEntry.waveform_blob` and a
+                  `waveform_blobs` field on `FileCommand::Save`. `load_beam_sqlite` reads the row back;
+                  the editor restores `raw_audio_cache`/`waveform_minmax_pools`/`waveform_pyramid_blobs`
+                  + flags `waveform_gpu_dirty` after the backend loads the pool (using each entry's
+                  `sample_rate` for `eff_sr`, the stored `B` for the rate). No re-decode on load.
+                  `register_loaded_videos` only loads frames (not audio), so there is no redundant
+                  regeneration to suppress. Compiles clean across all three crates.
+
+### Waveform LOD pyramid design (step 6)
+A min/max LOD pyramid (tree of zoom-level textures): fully zoomed out → envelope; fully zoomed
+in → per-sample; seamless between.
+
+- **One streaming decode pass** builds the whole pyramid down to a configurable **floor**
+  `B` samples/texel (default 256), via a hierarchical reduction (each sample updates a running
+  per-level min/max accumulator; a filled bucket emits a texel and folds into its parent —
+  `branch` 4:1). Bounded memory: holds only the pyramid (~`N/B·4/3` texels ≈ **~14 MB / 2 h
+  stereo @ B=256**), never the full samples. Full-res (B=1 ≈ 2.7 GB) is the only level NOT
+  stored.
+- **Persist the pyramid** in the `.beam` SQLite container (a `waveform` media kind; session
+  temp before first save). `B` is stored with it (preference is just the default for new gen).
+  Persistence is load-bearing: it makes mid-zoom a cheap **disk read**, not a re-decode.
+- **Runtime = LRU tile cache** (GPU textures) loaded from the persisted pyramid on demand.
+  Eviction is **ancestor-closed**: only evict an LRU node with no resident children ("a node is
+  cleared only after its children") — so rendering can always walk up to a resident ancestor;
+  detail sharpens in, never blanks. Root is tiny/hot → effectively pinned for free.
+- **Re-decode only below the floor** (texel < `B` samples): by then the visible window spans a
+  tiny time range, so decoding it (via the sample-accurate seekable readers from steps 1–5 —
+  the payoff) for true per-sample detail is cheap. This removes the large-span re-decode gap:
+  above the floor it's a disk read; below it the span is already small.
+- **Why a deep floor (not a coarse cutoff):** a coarse-only pinned set would force the first
+  on-demand level to re-reduce a huge time span per tile. Persisting deep makes every level a
+  disk read; `B` is a size-vs-crossover knob (smaller B = bigger pyramid, cheaper re-decode).
+- `waveform_gpu` needs a **min/max texel upload** (`Lmin,Lmax,Rmin,Rmax` per texel) instead of
+  min=max-per-sample; the existing compute mipgen still builds the mip chain *within* a tile.
+
+**Decisions (locked):** branch 4:1; floor `B≈256` samples/texel, **user-configurable**
+(`AppConfig.waveform_floor_samples_per_texel`, stored per-pyramid); 8192-wide tiles; LRU ~4
+viewports of fine tiles; persist pyramid in `.beam`.
+- [x] Video decoder concurrency (movie-length lag/freeze): keyframe-index scan now runs
+      holding no VideoManager/decoder lock (brief locks only bracket it) → no more multi-second
+      UI freeze on import/load; thumbnail generation uses a **dedicated** decoder and samples
+      at keyframes (≈1 frame each vs whole-GOP) → no playback contention. Removed dead
+      `VideoManager::build_keyframe_index`, `build_and_set_keyframe_index`, `downsample_rgba*`.
+- [x] Phase 2a — bound video frame cache. `VideoManager.frame_cache` (was an unbounded
+      `HashMap<(Uuid,i64), Arc<VideoFrame>>` that grew per distinct frame during playback) is now an
+      `LruCache` evicted by a **byte budget** (`FRAME_CACHE_BYTE_BUDGET` = 256 MB) rather than a frame
+      count — robust across resolutions (a 4K frame is ~33 MB vs ~2 MB at 800×600). Byte total tracked
+      on insert/evict/remove; `unload_video` pops per-clip keys (LruCache has no `retain`). Decoder-level
+      cache was already LRU. Editor compiles clean. *(Not yet runtime-verified.)*
+- [x] Phase 2b — stream export mux. `export/mod.rs::mux_video_and_audio` no longer collects every
+      packet into two `Vec`s before interleaving; it stream-merges the two inputs by PTS with one pending
+      packet per stream (O(1) memory vs O(duration)). Same tie-break (`v_us <= a_us`) and drain-on-EOF
+      behavior; output is byte-identical. Editor compiles clean. *(Not yet runtime-verified — needs an
+      in-app export to confirm A/V sync.)*
+- [x] Phase 3a — lazy + async raster fault-in (`RasterStore` + background thread + image proxy)
+- [x] Phase 3b — raster residency LRU + eviction (dirty-flag data-loss safety)
+- [x] Phase 3c — bound raster GPU texture cache (recency LRU + F3 VRAM readout)
+- [x] Phase 3d — raster undo dirty-rect diffs (+ fault-in-before-undo)
+- [x] Phase 3.5 — image textures in vector scenes (fixed DCEL-broken image import; image-fill tab + picker; container-persisted)
+- [x] Phase 4 — image asset paging: Tier 2 decoded-cache byte-LRU, Tier 1 lazy container bytes, playback prefetch
+- [x] Phase 5 — fixed the broken `#[cfg(test)]` unit tests; **`cargo test --lib` green again**
+      (daw-backend 17 passed, lightningbeam-core 264 passed). Wrapped stale raw-`f64` time literals
+      in `Beats(...)` / passed `&TempoMap` to changed signatures (automation.rs, clip.rs,
+      effect_layer.rs); fixed stale test setup (register a vector clip so `get_clip_duration` resolves)
+      and a stale default expectation (shape `fill_color` defaults `None`). Surfaced + fixed one **real
+      undo bug**: `DeleteFolderAction(MoveToParent)` reparented child subfolders but never restored them
+      on rollback (orphaned them) — now tracked and restored. Production code otherwise untouched.

TODO.md

@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+# Lightningbeam TODO
+
+> ⚠️ **Stale entries:** Lightningbeam was rewritten from JavaScript to Rust. Any entry below
+> that cites `src/*.js` / `main.js` / `animation.js` predates that migration — the *issue* may
+> or may not still exist in the Rust codebase, but the file/line references are obsolete.
+> **Re-verify against the current Rust code before acting** (this covers the "Animation System
+> Refactoring" section and the JS-referencing "Known Issues" entries — node editor, default
+> interpolation, etc.). Items with no `.js` references are current.
+
+## Animation System Refactoring  *(STALE — JS-era migration notes; superseded by the Rust DCEL/keyframe system)*
+
+### Completed
+- ✅ Implement AnimationData curve-based system (Keyframe, AnimationCurve, AnimationData classes)
+- ✅ Add GraphicsObject.currentTime property
+- ✅ Migrate shape rendering to use AnimationData curves (exists, zOrder)
+- ✅ Binary search optimization for keyframe lookups
+
+### In Progress
+- Migrating from Frame-based to AnimationData curve-based system throughout codebase
+
+### Pending Features
+
+#### Animation Curve Enhancements
+- [ ] Implement extrapolation modes (separate for start vs end):
+  - "hold" (default) - hold value at first/last keyframe
+  - "extend" - linearly extend the curve beyond keyframes
+  - "repeat" - repeat the animation
+  - "decay" - exponential decay to a target value
+- [ ] Add position, scale, rotation animation curves for shapes
+- [ ] Add shape morphing/tweening between keyframes
+
+#### Keyframing Behavior
+- [ ] Add user preference for keyframing behavior when editing objects:
+  - Auto-keyframe (current default): create/update keyframe at current time
+  - Edit previous (Flash-style): update most recent keyframe before current time
+  - Ephemeral (Blender-style): changes don't persist without manual keyframe
+  - Optional: Add modifier key (e.g. Shift) to toggle between modes
+
+#### Shape Ordering
+- [ ] Add "Bring Forward" menu option (swap zOrder with shape in front)
+- [ ] Add "Send Backward" menu option (swap zOrder with shape behind)
+- [ ] Add "Bring to Front" menu option (set zOrder to max + 1)
+- [ ] Add "Send to Back" menu option (set zOrder to min - 1)
+
+#### Code Cleanup
+- [ ] Remove all remaining references to Frame-based system
+- [ ] Remove legacy Frame class once migration is complete
+- [ ] Clean up GraphicsObject.shapes[] array (shapes should only live in Layers)
+
+## Known Issues / Platform Limitations
+
+### Animation: Tweens are broken (Rust codebase) — LOW PRIORITY
+- **Issue**: Animation tweening between keyframes (shape/vector interpolation, and the
+  `tween_after` behavior on keyframes) does not work correctly in the current Rust app.
+  Needs investigation + fix. Not urgent — revisit later.
+- (Older JS-codebase animation entries below reference `src/*.js` and are stale.)
+
+### Audio: Oscillator Timbre Drift (Phase Accumulation Error)
+- **Issue**: Oscillators exhibit timbre changes over time due to floating-point phase accumulation errors
+- **Affected Files**:
+  - `daw-backend/src/effects/synth.rs:117-120` (SimpleSynth)
+  - `daw-backend/src/audio/node_graph/nodes/oscillator.rs:167-170` (OscillatorNode)
+- **Root Cause**: Current phase wrapping uses conditional subtraction (`if phase >= 1.0 { phase -= 1.0 }`), which accumulates f32 rounding errors over time, especially for long-playing notes
+- **Current Code**:
+  ```rust
+  self.phase += frequency / sample_rate;
+  if self.phase >= 1.0 {
+      self.phase -= 1.0;
+  }
+  ```
+- **Recommended Fix**: Replace with `.fract()` for numerically stable wraparound:
+  ```rust
+  self.phase += frequency / sample_rate;
+  self.phase = self.phase.fract();
+  ```
+- **Impact**: Medium - affects audio quality for sustained notes, becomes noticeable after several seconds
+- **Priority**: Medium - should be addressed before production use
+
+### UI: Node Connections Render Behind VoiceAllocator Child Nodes
+- **Issue**: Connection lines (SVG paths) inside expanded VoiceAllocator nodes render behind child nodes due to z-index stacking
+- **Affected File**: `src/styles.css:1128`
+- **Root Cause**: Child nodes have `z-index: 10` while connection SVG paths have default/lower z-index
+- **Current Code**:
+  ```css
+  .drawflow .drawflow-node.child-node {
+    opacity: 0.9;
+    border: 1px solid #5a5aaa !important;
+    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(90, 90, 170, 0.3);
+    z-index: 10;
+  }
+  ```
+- **Recommended Fix**: Either:
+  1. Remove `z-index: 10` from `.child-node` (simplest), or
+  2. Add higher z-index to connection SVG paths, or
+  3. Use CSS `isolation: isolate` on the VoiceAllocator contents area to create a new stacking context
+- **Impact**: Low - visual issue only, connections still function but appear to go "behind" nodes
+- **Priority**: Low - cosmetic issue that doesn't affect functionality
+
+### UI: VoiceAllocator Child Nodes Don't Move with Parent
+- **Issue**: When a VoiceAllocator node is moved, its child nodes remain in their original positions instead of moving with the parent
+- **Affected File**: `src/main.js:6202-6207`
+- **Root Cause**: The `nodeMoved` event handler only handles the case where a child node is moved (resizes parent), but doesn't handle when the VoiceAllocator itself is moved
+- **Current Code**:
+  ```javascript
+  editor.on("nodeMoved", (nodeId) => {
+    const node = editor.getNodeFromId(nodeId);
+    if (node && node.data.parentNodeId) {
+      resizeVoiceAllocatorToFit(node.data.parentNodeId);
+    }
+  });
+  ```
+- **Recommended Fix**: Add logic to detect when a VoiceAllocator is moved and update all child node positions:
+  ```javascript
+  editor.on("nodeMoved", (nodeId) => {
+    const node = editor.getNodeFromId(nodeId);
+
+    // Case 1: A child node was moved - resize parent
+    if (node && node.data.parentNodeId) {
+      resizeVoiceAllocatorToFit(node.data.parentNodeId);
+    }
+
+    // Case 2: A VoiceAllocator was moved - move all children
+    if (node && node.data.nodeType === 'VoiceAllocator') {
+      // Calculate delta from previous position (need to track)
+      // Update all child node positions by the delta
+      // Call editor.updateConnectionNodes() for parent and all children
+    }
+  });
+  ```
+- **Impact**: High - child nodes become disconnected from parent visually
+- **Priority**: High - breaks expected behavior of grouped nodes
+
+### UI: VoiceAllocator Expansion Doesn't Update Connection Positions
+- **Issue**: When expanding/collapsing a VoiceAllocator, connection endpoints don't update to match the new port positions
+- **Affected File**: `src/main.js:6496-6555` (handleNodeDoubleClick function)
+- **Root Cause**: The expand/collapse logic shows/hides child nodes and resizes the container, but never calls `editor.updateConnectionNodes()` to refresh connection positions
+- **Current Code**: In `handleNodeDoubleClick()`, after expanding or collapsing:
+  ```javascript
+  // Expand
+  expandedNodes.add(nodeId);
+  nodeElement.classList.add('expanded');
+  nodeElement.style.width = '600px';
+  nodeElement.style.height = '400px';
+  // ... shows child nodes ...
+  // Missing: editor.updateConnectionNodes(`node-${nodeId}`)
+  ```
+- **Recommended Fix**: Call `editor.updateConnectionNodes()` after resizing:
+  ```javascript
+  // After expanding
+  expandedNodes.add(nodeId);
+  nodeElement.classList.add('expanded');
+  // ... resize and show children ...
+
+  // Update connection positions for VoiceAllocator and all children
+  editor.updateConnectionNodes(`node-${nodeId}`);
+  for (const [childId, parentId] of nodeParents.entries()) {
+    if (parentId === nodeId) {
+      editor.updateConnectionNodes(`node-${childId}`);
+    }
+  }
+  ```
+- **Impact**: Medium - connections appear in wrong positions until manually moved
+- **Priority**: Medium - visual issue that affects usability
+
+### UI: Node Editor Allows Editing Without MIDI Layer Selected
+- **Issue**: The node editor pane allows adding/editing instrument nodes even when no MIDI layer is selected, and always uses hardcoded `trackId: 0`
+- **Affected File**: `src/main.js:6045-6920` (nodeEditor function)
+- **Root Cause**: The node editor never checks if `context.activeObject.activeLayer` exists or is a MIDI track, and all backend commands use hardcoded `trackId: 0`
+- **Current Code**: All graph commands hardcode track 0:
+  ```javascript
+  const commandArgs = parentNodeId
+    ? {
+        trackId: 0,  // HARDCODED!
+        voiceAllocatorId: editor.getNodeFromId(parentNodeId).data.backendId,
+        nodeType: nodeType,
+        x: x,
+        y: y
+      }
+    : {
+        trackId: 0,  // HARDCODED!
+        nodeType: nodeType,
+        x: x,
+        y: y
+      };
+  ```
+- **Recommended Fix**:
+  1. Check if activeLayer is a MIDI track before allowing edits:
+     ```javascript
+     function getSelectedMidiTrack() {
+       const activeLayer = context.activeObject?.activeLayer;
+       if (!activeLayer || activeLayer.type !== 'midi') {
+         return null;
+       }
+       return activeLayer;
+     }
+     ```
+  2. Show placeholder when no MIDI track selected:
+     ```javascript
+     function nodeEditor() {
+       const container = document.createElement("div");
+       const midiTrack = getSelectedMidiTrack();
+
+       if (!midiTrack) {
+         container.innerHTML = '<div class="placeholder">Select a MIDI layer to edit instruments</div>';
+         return container;
+       }
+       // ... rest of node editor code ...
+     }
+     ```
+  3. Use actual track ID instead of hardcoded 0:
+     ```javascript
+     const trackId = midiTrack.audioTrackId || 0;
+     const commandArgs = { trackId, nodeType, x, y };
+     ```
+  4. Add listener to refresh node editor when layer selection changes
+- **Impact**: High - allows editing wrong track's instrument graph, data corruption risk
+- **Priority**: High - can cause confusion and data loss
+
+### Animation: Wrong Default Interpolation for Shape and Object Keyframes
+- **Issue**: Shape index and object transform keyframes default to "linear" interpolation but should default to "hold" (step function), and there's no UI to change interpolation after creation
+- **Affected Files**:
+  - `src/models/animation.js:124` (Keyframe constructor defaults to "linear")
+  - `src/main.js:2161` (shapeIndex keyframes default to "linear")
+  - `src/main.js:2198` (object position/rotation/scale keyframes default to "linear")
+  - `src/main.js:5910` (Timeline menu - missing tween options)
+- **Root Cause**:
+  1. The Keyframe constructor defaults interpolation to "linear"
+  2. Shape index keyframes preserve existing interpolation or default to "linear"
+  3. Object transform keyframes explicitly use "linear"
+  4. No menu options exist to change interpolation mode after keyframe creation
+- **Current Code**:
+  - Keyframe constructor (animation.js:124):
+    ```javascript
+    constructor(time, value, interpolation = "linear", uuid = undefined) {
+    ```
+  - Shape index keyframes (main.js:2161):
+    ```javascript
+    const interpolationType = existingShapeIndexKf ? existingShapeIndexKf.interpolation : 'linear';
+    const shapeIndexKeyframe = new Keyframe(currentTime, newShapeIndex, interpolationType);
+    ```
+  - Object keyframes (main.js:2198):
+    ```javascript
+    const newKeyframe = new Keyframe(
+      currentTime,
+      currentValue,
+      'linear' // Default to linear interpolation
+    );
+    ```
+- **Expected Behavior**:
+  - Shape index keyframes should default to "hold" (shapes shouldn't morph between versions)
+  - Object transforms should default to "hold" (objects shouldn't move/rotate/scale between keyframes unless explicitly tweened)
+  - Timeline menu should have options to convert between interpolation modes
+- **Recommended Fix**:
+  1. Change shapeIndex default to "hold" (main.js:2161):
+     ```javascript
+     const interpolationType = existingShapeIndexKf ? existingShapeIndexKf.interpolation : 'hold';
+     ```
+  2. Change object keyframe default to "hold" (main.js:2198):
+     ```javascript
+     const newKeyframe = new Keyframe(currentTime, currentValue, 'hold');
+     ```
+  3. Add Timeline menu options (main.js:5910, in timelineSubmenu):
+     ```javascript
+     {
+       text: "Add Shape Tween",
+       enabled: /* check if shape is selected and has keyframes */,
+       action: () => {
+         // Find shapeIndex curve for selected shape
+         // Change interpolation between keyframes to "linear"
+       }
+     },
+     {
+       text: "Add Motion Tween",
+       enabled: /* check if object is selected and has transform keyframes */,
+       action: () => {
+         // Find position/rotation/scale curves for selected object
+         // Change interpolation between keyframes to "linear" or "bezier"
+       }
+     }
+     ```
+- **Note**: exists and zOrder keyframes already correctly use "hold" (main.js:2139, 2150)
+- **Impact**: High - causes unwanted interpolation, shapes morph unexpectedly, objects move when they shouldn't
+- **Priority**: High - fundamental animation behavior is incorrect
+
+### Tauri Pinch-Zoom on Linux
+- **Issue**: Two-finger pinch gestures zoom the entire Tauri window instead of individual canvases
+- **Status**: Known Tauri limitation on Linux/GTK with no cross-platform solution
+- **Tracking**: https://github.com/tauri-apps/tauri/discussions/3843
+- **Workaround attempts**: Tried `zoomHotkeysEnabled: false`, `touch-action: none`, viewport meta tags - none worked
+- **Resolution**: Monitor Tauri releases for official fix
+
+## Notes
+
+### Architecture
+- **GraphicsObject** contains Layers and has `currentTime` (continuous time)
+- **Layer** contains `shapes[]` array and `animationData` (AnimationData instance)
+- **AnimationData** contains curves dictionary, each curve identified by parameter name
+  - Shape curves: `shape.{uuid}.exists`, `shape.{uuid}.zOrder`
+  - Future: `shape.{uuid}.x`, `shape.{uuid}.y`, `shape.{uuid}.rotation`, etc.
+- **Shapes render based on curves**: Layer.draw checks exists > 0, sorts by zOrder, draws in order
+
+### Interpolation Types
+- `linear` - Linear interpolation between keyframes
+- `bezier` - Cubic Bezier with easing control points
+- `step`/`hold` - Step function (jumps to next value)

daw-backend/Cargo.lock

@@ -586,7 +586,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "dasp_rms",
  "dasp_sample",
  "dasp_signal",
- "ffmpeg-blob-io",
  "ffmpeg-next",
  "hound",
  "memmap2",
@@ -662,15 +661,6 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "af9673d8203fcb076b19dfd17e38b3d4ae9f44959416ea532ce72415a6020365"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "ffmpeg-blob-io"
-version = "0.1.0"
-dependencies = [
- "ffmpeg-next",
- "ffmpeg-sys-next",
- "libc",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "ffmpeg-next"
 version = "8.0.0"

daw-backend/src/audio/export.rs

@@ -50,10 +50,6 @@ pub struct ExportSettings {
     pub end_time: Seconds,
     /// Tempo map for beat-position scheduling
     pub tempo_map: TempoMap,
-    /// Tag metadata as (ffmpeg-key, value) pairs (e.g. ("title", "…"), ("artist", "…")). Written to
-    /// the container's native tags: ID3v2 (MP3), MP4 atoms (M4A), Vorbis comments (FLAC), RIFF INFO
-    /// (WAV). Empty = no tags.
-    pub metadata: Vec<(String, String)>,
 }
 
 impl Default for ExportSettings {
@@ -67,26 +63,10 @@ impl Default for ExportSettings {
             start_time: Seconds::ZERO,
             end_time: Seconds(60.0),
             tempo_map: TempoMap::constant(120.0),
-            metadata: Vec::new(),
         }
     }
 }
 
-/// Set tag metadata on an ffmpeg output context (before `write_header`). FFmpeg maps the standard
-/// keys to each container's native tags.
-fn apply_metadata(output: &mut ffmpeg_next::format::context::Output, metadata: &[(String, String)]) {
-    if metadata.is_empty() {
-        return;
-    }
-    let mut dict = ffmpeg_next::Dictionary::new();
-    for (k, v) in metadata {
-        if !v.is_empty() {
-            dict.set(k, v);
-        }
-    }
-    output.set_metadata(dict);
-}
-
 /// Export the project to an audio file
 ///
 /// This performs offline rendering, processing the entire timeline
@@ -128,21 +108,17 @@ pub fn export_audio<P: AsRef<Path>>(
     // Route to appropriate export implementation based on format.
     // Ensure export mode is disabled even if an error occurs.
     let result = match settings.format {
-        ExportFormat::Wav => {
+        ExportFormat::Wav | ExportFormat::Flac => {
             let samples = render_to_memory(project, pool, settings, event_tx.as_mut().map(|tx| &mut **tx))?;
+            // Signal that rendering is done and we're now writing the file
             if let Some(ref mut tx) = event_tx {
                 let _ = tx.push(AudioEvent::ExportFinalizing);
             }
-            write_wav(&samples, settings, &output_path)
-                // hound writes no metadata; append a RIFF INFO chunk for tags.
-                .and_then(|_| append_wav_info_chunk(output_path.as_ref(), &settings.metadata))
-        }
-        ExportFormat::Flac => {
-            let samples = render_to_memory(project, pool, settings, event_tx.as_mut().map(|tx| &mut **tx))?;
-            if let Some(ref mut tx) = event_tx {
-                let _ = tx.push(AudioEvent::ExportFinalizing);
+            match settings.format {
+                ExportFormat::Wav => write_wav(&samples, settings, &output_path),
+                ExportFormat::Flac => write_flac(&samples, settings, &output_path),
+                _ => unreachable!(),
             }
-            export_flac(&samples, settings, &output_path)
         }
         ExportFormat::Mp3 => {
             export_mp3(project, pool, settings, output_path, event_tx)
@@ -211,7 +187,6 @@ pub fn render_to_memory(
             settings.sample_rate,
             settings.channels,
             false,
-            None, // export never runs with a recording in flight
         );
 
         // Calculate how many samples we actually need from this chunk
@@ -298,174 +273,48 @@ fn write_wav<P: AsRef<Path>>(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-/// Export real FLAC via ffmpeg from already-rendered interleaved f32 samples (Vorbis-comment
-/// metadata). Replaces the former `write_flac`, which wrote WAV bytes to a `.flac` file. 16-bit
-/// uses S16; 24-bit uses S32 (ffmpeg's flac encoder emits `bits_per_raw_sample = 24` for S32,
-/// taking the top 24 bits).
-fn export_flac<P: AsRef<Path>>(
+/// Write FLAC file using hound (FLAC is essentially lossless WAV)
+fn write_flac<P: AsRef<Path>>(
     samples: &[f32],
     settings: &ExportSettings,
     output_path: P,
 ) -> Result<(), String> {
-    use ffmpeg_next as ffmpeg;
-
-    ffmpeg::init().map_err(|e| format!("Failed to initialize FFmpeg: {}", e))?;
-
-    let codec = ffmpeg::encoder::find(ffmpeg::codec::Id::FLAC)
-        .ok_or("FLAC encoder not found in this ffmpeg build")?;
-    let mut output = ffmpeg::format::output(&output_path)
-        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to create output file: {}", e))?;
-
-    let channel_layout = match settings.channels {
-        1 => ffmpeg::channel_layout::ChannelLayout::MONO,
-        2 => ffmpeg::channel_layout::ChannelLayout::STEREO,
-        _ => return Err(format!("Unsupported channel count: {}", settings.channels)),
+    // For now, we'll use hound to write a WAV-like FLAC file
+    // In the future, we could use a dedicated FLAC encoder
+    let spec = hound::WavSpec {
+        channels: settings.channels as u16,
+        sample_rate: settings.sample_rate,
+        bits_per_sample: settings.bit_depth,
+        sample_format: hound::SampleFormat::Int,
     };
 
-    // FLAC accepts packed S16 or S32; S32 → 24-bit output.
-    let use_24 = settings.bit_depth >= 24;
-    let sample_fmt = if use_24 {
-        ffmpeg::format::Sample::I32(ffmpeg::format::sample::Type::Packed)
-    } else {
-        ffmpeg::format::Sample::I16(ffmpeg::format::sample::Type::Packed)
-    };
+    let mut writer = hound::WavWriter::create(output_path, spec)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to create FLAC file: {}", e))?;
 
-    let mut encoder = ffmpeg::codec::Context::new_with_codec(codec)
-        .encoder()
-        .audio()
-        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to create FLAC encoder: {}", e))?;
-    encoder.set_rate(settings.sample_rate as i32);
-    encoder.set_channel_layout(channel_layout);
-    encoder.set_format(sample_fmt);
-    encoder.set_time_base(ffmpeg::Rational(1, settings.sample_rate as i32));
-    let mut encoder = encoder.open_as(codec)
-        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to open FLAC encoder: {}", e))?;
-
-    {
-        let mut stream = output.add_stream(codec)
-            .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to add stream: {}", e))?;
-        stream.set_parameters(&encoder);
-    }
-    apply_metadata(&mut output, &settings.metadata);
-    output.write_header()
-        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to write FLAC header: {}", e))?;
-
-    let channels = settings.channels as usize;
-    let num_frames = samples.len() / channels;
-    let frame_size = if encoder.frame_size() > 0 { encoder.frame_size() as usize } else { 4096 };
-
-    let mut done = 0usize;
-    while done < num_frames {
-        let n = (num_frames - done).min(frame_size);
-        let mut frame = ffmpeg::frame::Audio::new(sample_fmt, n, channel_layout);
-        frame.set_rate(settings.sample_rate);
-        frame.set_pts(Some(done as i64)); // samples; the FLAC muxer requires PTS
-
-        let buf = frame.data_mut(0); // packed interleaved → plane 0
-        let base = done * channels;
-        if use_24 {
-            for i in 0..n * channels {
-                let s = samples[base + i].clamp(-1.0, 1.0);
-                let v = (s as f64 * 2_147_483_647.0) as i32; // full-scale S32; encoder takes top 24
-                buf[i * 4..i * 4 + 4].copy_from_slice(&v.to_le_bytes());
-            }
-        } else {
-            for i in 0..n * channels {
-                let s = samples[base + i].clamp(-1.0, 1.0);
-                let v = (s * 32767.0) as i16;
-                buf[i * 2..i * 2 + 2].copy_from_slice(&v.to_le_bytes());
+    // Write samples (same as WAV for now)
+    match settings.bit_depth {
+        16 => {
+            for &sample in samples {
+                let clamped = sample.max(-1.0).min(1.0);
+                let pcm_value = (clamped * 32767.0) as i16;
+                writer.write_sample(pcm_value)
+                    .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to write sample: {}", e))?;
             }
         }
-
-        encoder.send_frame(&frame).map_err(|e| format!("Failed to send FLAC frame: {}", e))?;
-        flac_write_packets(&mut encoder, &mut output)?;
-        done += n;
-    }
-    encoder.send_eof().map_err(|e| format!("Failed to flush FLAC encoder: {}", e))?;
-    flac_write_packets(&mut encoder, &mut output)?;
-    output.write_trailer().map_err(|e| format!("Failed to finalize FLAC: {}", e))?;
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Drain encoded FLAC packets and write them (non-interleaved). Skips the trailing empty flush
-/// packet, which the FLAC muxer otherwise rejects as "Invalid data". Rescales packet ts from the
-/// encoder time base to the stream's.
-fn flac_write_packets(
-    encoder: &mut ffmpeg_next::encoder::Audio,
-    output: &mut ffmpeg_next::format::context::Output,
-) -> Result<(), String> {
-    let mut pkt = ffmpeg_next::Packet::empty();
-    let enc_tb = encoder.time_base();
-    let stream_tb = output.stream(0).map(|s| s.time_base()).unwrap_or(enc_tb);
-    while encoder.receive_packet(&mut pkt).is_ok() {
-        if pkt.size() == 0 {
-            continue;
+        24 => {
+            for &sample in samples {
+                let clamped = sample.max(-1.0).min(1.0);
+                let pcm_value = (clamped * 8388607.0) as i32;
+                writer.write_sample(pcm_value)
+                    .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to write sample: {}", e))?;
+            }
         }
-        pkt.set_stream(0);
-        pkt.rescale_ts(enc_tb, stream_tb);
-        pkt.write(output).map_err(|e| format!("Failed to write FLAC packet: {}", e))?;
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Append a RIFF `LIST`/`INFO` metadata chunk to a finished WAV file (hound writes no tags), then
-/// fix up the top-level RIFF size. Maps ffmpeg-style keys to RIFF INFO sub-chunk IDs. Trailing INFO
-/// chunks are ignored by players that don't read them.
-fn append_wav_info_chunk(path: &Path, metadata: &[(String, String)]) -> Result<(), String> {
-    use std::io::{Seek, SeekFrom, Write};
-
-    let riff_id = |key: &str| -> Option<&'static [u8; 4]> {
-        match key {
-            "title" => Some(b"INAM"),
-            "artist" => Some(b"IART"),
-            "album" => Some(b"IPRD"),
-            "genre" => Some(b"IGNR"),
-            "comment" => Some(b"ICMT"),
-            "date" => Some(b"ICRD"),
-            "track" => Some(b"ITRK"),
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    };
-
-    let mut info: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-    info.extend_from_slice(b"INFO");
-    for (key, val) in metadata {
-        if val.is_empty() {
-            continue;
-        }
-        let Some(id) = riff_id(key) else { continue };
-        let mut bytes = val.as_bytes().to_vec();
-        bytes.push(0); // NUL-terminate
-        if bytes.len() % 2 == 1 {
-            bytes.push(0); // pad to even
-        }
-        info.extend_from_slice(id);
-        info.extend_from_slice(&(bytes.len() as u32).to_le_bytes());
-        info.extend_from_slice(&bytes);
-    }
-    if info.len() <= 4 {
-        return Ok(()); // nothing but the "INFO" tag
+        _ => return Err(format!("Unsupported bit depth: {}", settings.bit_depth)),
     }
 
-    let mut list: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(info.len() + 8);
-    list.extend_from_slice(b"LIST");
-    list.extend_from_slice(&(info.len() as u32).to_le_bytes());
-    list.extend_from_slice(&info);
+    writer.finalize()
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to finalize FLAC file: {}", e))?;
 
-    let mut f = std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
-        .read(true)
-        .write(true)
-        .open(path)
-        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to open WAV for tagging: {}", e))?;
-    let end = f.seek(SeekFrom::End(0)).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
-    if end % 2 == 1 {
-        f.write_all(&[0]).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
-    }
-    f.write_all(&list).map_err(|e| format!("Failed to write WAV tags: {}", e))?;
-    let new_len = f.seek(SeekFrom::End(0)).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
-    f.seek(SeekFrom::Start(4)).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
-    f.write_all(&((new_len - 8) as u32).to_le_bytes())
-        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to update RIFF size: {}", e))?;
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -513,7 +362,6 @@ fn export_mp3<P: AsRef<Path>>(
         stream.set_parameters(&encoder);
     }
 
-    apply_metadata(&mut output, &settings.metadata);
     output.write_header()
         .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to write header: {}", e))?;
 
@@ -558,7 +406,6 @@ fn export_mp3<P: AsRef<Path>>(
             settings.sample_rate,
             settings.channels,
             false,
-            None, // export never runs with a recording in flight
         );
 
         // Calculate how many samples we need from this chunk
@@ -684,7 +531,6 @@ fn export_aac<P: AsRef<Path>>(
         stream.set_parameters(&encoder);
     }
 
-    apply_metadata(&mut output, &settings.metadata);
     output.write_header()
         .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to write header: {}", e))?;
 
@@ -729,7 +575,6 @@ fn export_aac<P: AsRef<Path>>(
             settings.sample_rate,
             settings.channels,
             false,
-            None, // export never runs with a recording in flight
         );
 
         // Calculate how many samples we need from this chunk
@@ -993,61 +838,4 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(ExportFormat::Wav.extension(), "wav");
         assert_eq!(ExportFormat::Flac.extension(), "flac");
     }
-
-    fn tagged_settings(format: ExportFormat) -> ExportSettings {
-        ExportSettings {
-            format,
-            sample_rate: 48000,
-            channels: 2,
-            bit_depth: 24,
-            mp3_bitrate: 192,
-            start_time: Seconds::ZERO,
-            end_time: Seconds(0.2), // tiny render
-            tempo_map: TempoMap::constant(120.0),
-            metadata: vec![
-                ("title".to_string(), "Test Title".to_string()),
-                ("artist".to_string(), "Test Artist".to_string()),
-            ],
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// FLAC export must be a real FLAC container (not WAV bytes) carrying Vorbis-comment tags.
-    #[test]
-    fn flac_export_is_real_flac_with_tags() {
-        let settings = tagged_settings(ExportFormat::Flac);
-        let mut project = Project::new(48000);
-        let pool = AudioPool::new();
-        let path = std::env::temp_dir().join("lb_be_flac_test.flac");
-
-        export_audio(&mut project, &pool, &settings, &path, None).expect("FLAC export failed");
-        let bytes = std::fs::read(&path).unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(&bytes[0..4], b"fLaC", "not real FLAC (got {:?})", &bytes[0..4]);
-        let s = String::from_utf8_lossy(&bytes);
-        assert!(s.contains("Test Title"), "title tag missing from FLAC");
-        assert!(s.contains("Test Artist"), "artist tag missing from FLAC");
-        std::fs::remove_file(&path).ok();
-    }
-
-    /// WAV export keeps a valid RIFF container and gains a LIST/INFO tag chunk with a fixed-up size.
-    #[test]
-    fn wav_export_has_info_chunk() {
-        let settings = tagged_settings(ExportFormat::Wav);
-        let mut project = Project::new(48000);
-        let pool = AudioPool::new();
-        let path = std::env::temp_dir().join("lb_be_wav_test.wav");
-
-        export_audio(&mut project, &pool, &settings, &path, None).expect("WAV export failed");
-        let bytes = std::fs::read(&path).unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(&bytes[0..4], b"RIFF");
-        assert_eq!(&bytes[8..12], b"WAVE");
-        let riff_size = u32::from_le_bytes([bytes[4], bytes[5], bytes[6], bytes[7]]) as usize;
-        assert_eq!(riff_size, bytes.len() - 8, "RIFF size not fixed up after tagging");
-        let s = String::from_utf8_lossy(&bytes);
-        assert!(s.contains("LIST") && s.contains("INFO") && s.contains("INAM"),
-            "no RIFF INFO chunk");
-        assert!(s.contains("Test Title"), "title not in WAV INFO chunk");
-        std::fs::remove_file(&path).ok();
-    }
 }

daw-backend/src/audio/project.rs

@@ -383,7 +383,6 @@ impl Project {
         sample_rate: u32,
         channels: u32,
         live_only: bool,
-        recording_midi: Option<(TrackId, MidiClipId)>,
     ) {
         output.fill(0.0);
 
@@ -392,7 +391,6 @@ impl Project {
         // Create initial render context
         let ctx = RenderContext {
             live_only,
-            recording_midi,
             ..RenderContext::new(playhead_seconds, tempo_map, sample_rate, channels, output.len())
         };
 

daw-backend/src/audio/recording.rs

@@ -5,61 +5,6 @@ use crate::time::{Beats, Seconds};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
-/// Cycle-recording bookkeeping attached to a recording that started with a cycle region armed.
-///
-/// Takes are sliced **geometrically** at stop, in exact `loop_len_frames` multiples — not at the
-/// instant the wrap was detected. The playhead advances before the capture block in `process()`, so
-/// the wrap instant isn't sample-exact against the buffer that was just captured, but the geometry
-/// is. `wrap_count` therefore only decides *whether* this is a multi-take recording, never where the
-/// cuts land.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct CycleRecordInfo {
-    /// Where the cycle region starts, in beats. Takes are laid down here, not at the punch-in point.
-    pub loop_start: Beats,
-    /// The cycle region's length in beats — what the take folder records as `recorded_loop_beats`.
-    pub loop_len_beats: Beats,
-    /// One cycle pass, in frames. The take size.
-    pub loop_len_frames: usize,
-    /// Frames between the region start and where capture actually began. Non-zero only for a
-    /// punch-in (record while already rolling); take 1 gets this much silence prepended so it still
-    /// spans the whole region.
-    pub lead_pad_frames: usize,
-    /// How many times the transport wrapped during this recording. Zero normally means the user
-    /// stopped before completing a pass, which stays an ordinary single recording — unless
-    /// `force_takes` says otherwise.
-    pub wrap_count: usize,
-    /// Cut takes even if the transport never wrapped.
-    ///
-    /// Set when the region already holds takes: a further recording there is another take, however
-    /// short, and it gets padded out to the region like any partial pass. Without this a run that
-    /// stopped before the loop came round would land as a separate overlapping clip instead of
-    /// joining the take list.
-    ///
-    /// The editor decides this at record start, because whether takes already exist is document
-    /// state the engine can't see.
-    pub force_takes: bool,
-}
-
-/// Min/max waveform peaks for a finished buffer of interleaved samples.
-///
-/// The live recording path builds its peaks incrementally as samples arrive; cycle takes don't
-/// exist until the recording is sliced at stop, so they get theirs in one pass here.
-pub fn compute_peaks(samples: &[f32], channels: u32, frames_per_peak: usize) -> Vec<WaveformPeak> {
-    let samples_per_peak = (frames_per_peak * channels.max(1) as usize).max(1);
-    samples
-        .chunks(samples_per_peak)
-        .map(|chunk| {
-            let mut min = 0.0f32;
-            let mut max = 0.0f32;
-            for s in chunk {
-                min = min.min(*s);
-                max = max.max(*s);
-            }
-            WaveformPeak { min, max }
-        })
-        .collect()
-}
-
 /// State of an active recording session
 pub struct RecordingState {
     /// Track being recorded to
@@ -90,8 +35,6 @@ pub struct RecordingState {
     pub frames_per_peak: usize,
     /// All recorded audio data accumulated in memory (written to disk at finalization)
     pub audio_data: Vec<f32>,
-    /// Cycle-recording bookkeeping, when a cycle region was armed at record start.
-    pub cycle: Option<CycleRecordInfo>,
 }
 
 impl RecordingState {
@@ -126,69 +69,9 @@ impl RecordingState {
             waveform_buffer: Vec::new(),
             frames_per_peak,
             audio_data: Vec::new(),
-            cycle: None,
         }
     }
 
-    /// Slice the recording into cycle takes: one per pass, each spanning the FULL cycle region.
-    ///
-    /// Partial passes are padded with silence — the head of take 1 for a punch-in, the tail of the
-    /// last take when the user stops mid-pass — so every take is the same length and aligned to the
-    /// region. That uniformity is what makes comping-via-split work: take 1 on the left half and
-    /// take 3 on the right always line up.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `None` if this wasn't a cycle recording or the transport never wrapped (an ordinary
-    /// single recording, which keeps the existing path untouched).
-    pub fn slice_takes(&self) -> Option<Vec<Vec<f32>>> {
-        let cycle = self.cycle?;
-        if (cycle.wrap_count == 0 && !cycle.force_takes) || cycle.loop_len_frames == 0 {
-            return None;
-        }
-
-        let ch = self.channels.max(1) as usize;
-        let take_len = cycle.loop_len_frames * ch;
-        let lead = cycle.lead_pad_frames * ch;
-
-        // The recording as positioned *within the region*: silence for the gap between the region
-        // start and the punch-in, then the captured audio. Slicing this at whole-take boundaries is
-        // the whole trick — take 1 comes out short-by-`lead` at the front, already padded.
-        let virtual_len = lead + self.audio_data.len();
-        let take_count = virtual_len.div_ceil(take_len);
-
-        let mut takes: Vec<Vec<f32>> = Vec::with_capacity(take_count);
-        for i in 0..take_count {
-            let mut take = vec![0.0f32; take_len];
-            let take_begin = i * take_len;
-            for slot in 0..take_len {
-                // Position in the virtual (lead-padded) buffer.
-                let v = take_begin + slot;
-                if v < lead {
-                    continue; // still in the punch-in silence
-                }
-                match self.audio_data.get(v - lead) {
-                    Some(s) => take[slot] = *s,
-                    None => break, // past the end of capture; the rest stays silent
-                }
-            }
-            takes.push(take);
-        }
-
-        // A final take holding only a sliver of real audio is a stop artifact (the user hit stop a
-        // moment after the wrap), not a performance. Drop it — but only if it's actually a PARTIAL
-        // pass, and never the only take. A pass that filled the region is a real take no matter how
-        // short the region is.
-        const MIN_TAKE_SECONDS: f64 = 0.05;
-        if takes.len() > 1 {
-            let last_real_samples = virtual_len - (takes.len() - 1) * take_len;
-            let last_real_seconds = (last_real_samples / ch) as f64 / self.sample_rate as f64;
-            if last_real_samples < take_len && last_real_seconds < MIN_TAKE_SECONDS {
-                takes.pop();
-            }
-        }
-
-        Some(takes)
-    }
-
     /// Add samples to the accumulation buffer
     /// Returns true if a flush occurred
     pub fn add_samples(&mut self, samples: &[f32]) -> Result<bool, std::io::Error> {
@@ -306,26 +189,6 @@ pub struct MidiRecordingState {
     active_notes: HashMap<u8, ActiveMidiNote>,
     /// Completed notes: (time_offset, note, velocity, duration) — all times in beats
     pub completed_notes: Vec<(Beats, u8, u8, Beats)>,
-    /// The cycle region's length in beats, if one was armed at record start.
-    ///
-    /// A cycle MIDI recording is anchored at the region start (`start_time == loop_start`), which is
-    /// what makes MERGE fall out for free: the transport always wraps back into the region, so every
-    /// note's offset already lands inside `[0, loop_len)` and successive passes overdub onto each
-    /// other with no folding needed.
-    pub cycle_loop_len: Option<Beats>,
-    /// Whether the transport actually came round. Distinct from `cycle_loop_len`, which only says a
-    /// region was armed: the clip only pins to the full region once a pass has completed, so until
-    /// then the bar still grows with the playhead.
-    pub wrapped: bool,
-    /// Cut takes even if the transport never wrapped — see [`CycleRecordInfo::force_takes`].
-    pub force_takes: bool,
-    /// Which cycle pass is currently being recorded (0-based). Bumped at each wrap.
-    current_pass: usize,
-    /// The pass each completed note belongs to, parallel to `completed_notes`.
-    ///
-    /// Only meaningful in "separate takes" mode, where each pass becomes its own MIDI clip. Merge
-    /// mode ignores it — all passes fold into one clip, which is the whole point.
-    note_pass: Vec<usize>,
 }
 
 impl MidiRecordingState {
@@ -336,28 +199,9 @@ impl MidiRecordingState {
             start_time,
             active_notes: HashMap::new(),
             completed_notes: Vec::new(),
-            cycle_loop_len: None,
-            wrapped: false,
-            force_takes: false,
-            current_pass: 0,
-            note_pass: Vec::new(),
         }
     }
 
-    /// Record a finished note, tagging it with the pass it was played in.
-    ///
-    /// Every completion goes through here so `completed_notes` and `note_pass` can't drift apart.
-    fn push_completed(&mut self, note: &ActiveMidiNote, end_time: Beats) {
-        let note_start = note.start_time.max(self.start_time);
-        self.completed_notes.push((
-            note_start - self.start_time,
-            note.note,
-            note.velocity,
-            end_time - note_start,
-        ));
-        self.note_pass.push(self.current_pass);
-    }
-
     pub fn note_on(&mut self, note: u8, velocity: u8, absolute_time: Beats) {
         self.active_notes.insert(note, ActiveMidiNote { note, velocity, start_time: absolute_time });
     }
@@ -367,38 +211,16 @@ impl MidiRecordingState {
             if absolute_time <= self.start_time {
                 return;
             }
-            self.push_completed(&active_note, absolute_time);
+            let note_start = active_note.start_time.max(self.start_time);
+            self.completed_notes.push((
+                note_start - self.start_time,
+                active_note.note,
+                active_note.velocity,
+                absolute_time - note_start,
+            ));
         }
     }
 
-    /// Completed notes grouped by cycle pass — one bucket per pass, in recording order.
-    ///
-    /// Used by "separate takes" mode, where each pass becomes its own MIDI clip.
-    ///
-    /// An *interior* pass in which nothing was played still yields an empty take, so take N in the
-    /// folder is always pass N on the transport — otherwise the numbering would silently shift and
-    /// "take 3" would stop meaning "the third time round". A *trailing* empty pass is dropped
-    /// though: that's what you get by hitting stop shortly after a wrap, and it's a stop artifact
-    /// rather than a take you played. (Same reasoning as the audio path's short-final-take rule.)
-    pub fn notes_by_pass(&self, passes: usize) -> Vec<Vec<(Beats, u8, u8, Beats)>> {
-        let mut buckets = vec![Vec::new(); passes.max(1)];
-        for (note, &pass) in self.completed_notes.iter().zip(self.note_pass.iter()) {
-            if let Some(bucket) = buckets.get_mut(pass) {
-                bucket.push(*note);
-            }
-        }
-        // Never drop the only take.
-        while buckets.len() > 1 && buckets.last().is_some_and(|b| b.is_empty()) {
-            buckets.pop();
-        }
-        buckets
-    }
-
-    /// How many cycle passes this recording covered (1 if the transport never wrapped).
-    pub fn pass_count(&self) -> usize {
-        self.current_pass + 1
-    }
-
     pub fn get_notes(&self) -> &[(Beats, u8, u8, Beats)] {
         &self.completed_notes
     }
@@ -407,28 +229,18 @@ impl MidiRecordingState {
         self.completed_notes.len()
     }
 
-    /// The still-held notes, given a provisional duration running to `current_time`.
-    ///
-    /// These belong to whatever pass is in progress, so a per-pass view can append them as-is.
-    pub fn active_notes_with_provisional_end(&self, current_time: Beats) -> Vec<(Beats, u8, u8, Beats)> {
-        self.active_notes
-            .values()
-            .map(|active| {
-                let note_start = active.start_time.max(self.start_time);
-                (
-                    note_start - self.start_time,
-                    active.note,
-                    active.velocity,
-                    (current_time - note_start).max(Beats::ZERO),
-                )
-            })
-            .collect()
-    }
-
     /// Get all completed notes plus currently-held notes with a provisional duration.
     pub fn get_notes_with_active(&self, current_time: Beats) -> Vec<(Beats, u8, u8, Beats)> {
         let mut notes = self.completed_notes.clone();
-        notes.extend(self.active_notes_with_provisional_end(current_time));
+        for active in self.active_notes.values() {
+            let note_start = active.start_time.max(self.start_time);
+            notes.push((
+                note_start - self.start_time,
+                active.note,
+                active.velocity,
+                (current_time - note_start).max(Beats::ZERO),
+            ));
+        }
         notes
     }
 
@@ -440,259 +252,13 @@ impl MidiRecordingState {
         let active_notes: Vec<_> = self.active_notes.drain().collect();
 
         for (_note_num, active_note) in active_notes {
-            self.push_completed(&active_note, end_time);
+            let note_start = active_note.start_time.max(self.start_time);
+            self.completed_notes.push((
+                note_start - self.start_time,
+                active_note.note,
+                active_note.velocity,
+                end_time - note_start,
+            ));
         }
     }
-
-    /// Handle a transport cycle wrap during MIDI recording.
-    ///
-    /// Note times are stored as offsets from `start_time`, and the playhead jumps *backwards* at a
-    /// wrap — so a note still held across the boundary would otherwise get a nonsensical (negative)
-    /// duration, or never be closed at all. Write its note-off at `region_end` (exactly as
-    /// `close_active_notes` does when recording stops), then re-open it at `region_start` so a key
-    /// the player is still physically holding keeps being captured in the next pass. Mirrors the
-    /// way `handle_start_midi_recording` re-injects already-held notes at the recording start.
-    pub fn wrap_at_cycle(&mut self, region_end: Beats, region_start: Beats) {
-        // Snapshot the held notes (close_active_notes drains them and loses the velocities).
-        let held: Vec<(u8, u8)> = self
-            .active_notes
-            .values()
-            .map(|n| (n.note, n.velocity))
-            .collect();
-
-        // Close first, so a note held across the boundary has its tail attributed to the pass that's
-        // ending; then advance, so the re-opened half belongs to the pass that's beginning.
-        self.close_active_notes(region_end);
-        self.current_pass += 1;
-
-        for (note, velocity) in held {
-            self.note_on(note, velocity, region_start);
-        }
-
-        // A pass has completed, so from here the clip spans the whole region rather than however long
-        // the user happens to hold the record button.
-        self.cycle_loop_len = Some(region_end - region_start);
-        self.wrapped = true;
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod cycle_tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    /// A recording state holding `audio_data`, armed for cycle recording. Mono, 100 Hz, so a frame
-    /// is a sample and 5 frames is 50 ms (exactly the min-take threshold).
-    fn rec_forced(audio: Vec<f32>, loop_len_frames: usize, lead_pad_frames: usize, wraps: usize) -> RecordingState {
-        let mut r = rec(audio, loop_len_frames, lead_pad_frames, wraps);
-        if let Some(c) = r.cycle.as_mut() {
-            c.force_takes = true;
-        }
-        r
-    }
-
-    fn rec(audio: Vec<f32>, loop_len_frames: usize, lead_pad_frames: usize, wraps: usize) -> RecordingState {
-        let mut r = RecordingState::new(
-            0,
-            0,
-            PathBuf::from("/dev/null"),
-            WavWriter::create(&PathBuf::from("/dev/null"), 100, 1).expect("wav writer"),
-            100,
-            1,
-            Beats(0.0),
-            1.0,
-        );
-        r.audio_data = audio;
-        r.cycle = Some(CycleRecordInfo {
-            loop_start: Beats(0.0),
-            loop_len_beats: Beats(4.0),
-            loop_len_frames,
-            lead_pad_frames,
-            wrap_count: wraps,
-            force_takes: false,
-        });
-        r
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn no_wrap_is_not_a_cycle_recording() {
-        // Stopping before the transport ever wraps stays an ordinary single recording — the whole
-        // point of triggering on the wrap rather than on the cycle region merely existing.
-        let r = rec(vec![1.0; 10], 4, 0, 0);
-        assert!(r.slice_takes().is_none());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn force_takes_makes_a_partial_pass_a_take() {
-        // Recording over a region that already holds takes: this run is another take however short
-        // it ran, so it's cut and padded like any partial pass rather than landing as a separate
-        // overlapping clip. Two real frames of an 8-frame region -> one take, silence for the rest.
-        let takes = rec_forced(vec![1.0, 2.0], 8, 0, 0)
-            .slice_takes()
-            .expect("forced takes");
-        assert_eq!(takes.len(), 1);
-        assert_eq!(takes[0], vec![1.0, 2.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn takes_are_cut_at_exact_loop_multiples() {
-        // 12 frames of audio, 4-frame loop, started at the region start => 3 clean takes.
-        let audio: Vec<f32> = (1..=12).map(|i| i as f32).collect();
-        let takes = rec(audio, 4, 0, 2).slice_takes().expect("cycle takes");
-        assert_eq!(takes.len(), 3);
-        assert_eq!(takes[0], vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0]);
-        assert_eq!(takes[1], vec![5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0]);
-        assert_eq!(takes[2], vec![9.0, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn punch_in_pads_the_head_of_take_one() {
-        // Punched in 2 frames into the region: take 1 gets 2 frames of silence at the FRONT so it
-        // still spans the whole region and lines up with every other take.
-        let audio: Vec<f32> = (1..=10).map(|i| i as f32).collect();
-        let takes = rec(audio, 4, 2, 2).slice_takes().expect("cycle takes");
-        assert_eq!(takes.len(), 3);
-        assert_eq!(takes[0], vec![0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 2.0]);
-        assert_eq!(takes[1], vec![3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0]);
-        assert_eq!(takes[2], vec![7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn stopping_mid_pass_pads_the_tail_of_the_last_take() {
-        // 13 frames, 8-frame loop => the second take holds 5 real frames (50 ms at 100 Hz, right at
-        // the keep threshold) and 3 of silence.
-        let audio: Vec<f32> = (1..=13).map(|i| i as f32).collect();
-        let takes = rec(audio, 8, 0, 1).slice_takes().expect("cycle takes");
-        assert_eq!(takes.len(), 2);
-        assert_eq!(takes[1], vec![9.0, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0, 13.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn every_take_is_the_same_length() {
-        // Uniform length is the invariant comping-via-split depends on.
-        let audio: Vec<f32> = (1..=23).map(|i| i as f32).collect();
-        let takes = rec(audio, 8, 3, 3).slice_takes().expect("cycle takes");
-        assert!(takes.iter().all(|t| t.len() == 8), "takes must be uniform");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn a_sliver_of_a_final_take_is_dropped() {
-        // Stopped 1 frame (10 ms at 100 Hz) after the wrap — below the 50 ms floor, so that stub of
-        // a take is a stop artifact and goes.
-        let audio: Vec<f32> = (1..=9).map(|i| i as f32).collect();
-        let takes = rec(audio, 8, 0, 1).slice_takes().expect("cycle takes");
-        assert_eq!(takes.len(), 1, "a 10ms tail take should be dropped");
-        assert_eq!(takes[0].len(), 8);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn a_full_final_take_is_never_dropped() {
-        // Regression: the sliver rule must only fire on a PARTIAL pass. A pass that filled the
-        // region is a real take however short the region is — an earlier version compared a full
-        // take's duration to the floor and silently ate it.
-        let audio: Vec<f32> = (1..=8).map(|i| i as f32).collect();
-        let takes = rec(audio, 4, 0, 1).slice_takes().expect("cycle takes");
-        assert_eq!(takes.len(), 2, "both passes filled the region");
-        assert_eq!(takes[1], vec![5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0]);
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod midi_cycle_tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    /// A MIDI recording anchored at the region start (beat 0), region 4 beats long.
-    fn rec() -> MidiRecordingState {
-        MidiRecordingState::new(0, 0, Beats(0.0))
-    }
-
-    /// One pass of the transport around a 4-beat region.
-    fn wrap(r: &mut MidiRecordingState) {
-        r.wrap_at_cycle(Beats(4.0), Beats(0.0));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn notes_are_bucketed_by_the_pass_they_were_played_in() {
-        let mut r = rec();
-        r.note_on(60, 100, Beats(1.0));
-        r.note_off(60, Beats(2.0)); // pass 0
-        wrap(&mut r);
-        r.note_on(62, 100, Beats(1.0));
-        r.note_off(62, Beats(2.0)); // pass 1
-        wrap(&mut r);
-        r.note_on(64, 100, Beats(1.0));
-        r.note_off(64, Beats(2.0)); // pass 2
-
-        assert_eq!(r.pass_count(), 3);
-        let by_pass = r.notes_by_pass(r.pass_count());
-        let pitches: Vec<Vec<u8>> = by_pass
-            .iter()
-            .map(|p| p.iter().map(|n| n.1).collect())
-            .collect();
-        assert_eq!(pitches, vec![vec![60], vec![62], vec![64]]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn a_note_held_across_a_wrap_splits_between_the_two_passes() {
-        // The key is still down at the boundary: the sounding half belongs to the pass that's
-        // ending, and the re-opened half to the pass that's beginning. Getting the pass bump on the
-        // wrong side of close_active_notes would file the whole note under one pass.
-        let mut r = rec();
-        r.note_on(60, 100, Beats(3.0));
-        wrap(&mut r); // still held
-        r.note_off(60, Beats(1.0)); // released 1 beat into the next pass
-
-        assert_eq!(r.pass_count(), 2);
-        let by_pass = r.notes_by_pass(r.pass_count());
-        assert_eq!(by_pass[0].len(), 1, "the held half lands in the pass that ended");
-        assert_eq!(by_pass[1].len(), 1, "the re-opened half lands in the next pass");
-        // Pass 0's half runs from beat 3 to the region end at 4.
-        assert_eq!(by_pass[0][0].0, Beats(3.0));
-        assert_eq!(by_pass[0][0].3, Beats(1.0));
-        // Pass 1's half starts at the region start and runs to the release.
-        assert_eq!(by_pass[1][0].0, Beats(0.0));
-        assert_eq!(by_pass[1][0].3, Beats(1.0));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn a_silent_interior_pass_still_yields_an_empty_take() {
-        // Take N in the folder must be pass N on the transport, even if nothing was played — else
-        // the take numbering silently shifts under the user.
-        let mut r = rec();
-        r.note_on(60, 100, Beats(1.0));
-        r.note_off(60, Beats(2.0)); // pass 0
-        wrap(&mut r);
-        wrap(&mut r); // pass 1: played nothing
-        r.note_on(64, 100, Beats(1.0));
-        r.note_off(64, Beats(2.0)); // pass 2
-
-        let by_pass = r.notes_by_pass(r.pass_count());
-        assert_eq!(by_pass.len(), 3);
-        assert_eq!(by_pass[1].len(), 0, "the silent pass is still take 2");
-        assert_eq!(by_pass[2][0].1, 64);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn a_trailing_empty_pass_is_dropped() {
-        // Hitting stop shortly after a wrap leaves a pass you never played into. That's a stop
-        // artifact, not a take — unlike a silent pass in the middle, which was a deliberate rest.
-        let mut r = rec();
-        r.note_on(60, 100, Beats(1.0));
-        r.note_off(60, Beats(2.0)); // pass 0
-        wrap(&mut r);
-        r.note_on(62, 100, Beats(1.0));
-        r.note_off(62, Beats(2.0)); // pass 1
-        wrap(&mut r); // pass 2 begins... and the user hits stop
-
-        assert_eq!(r.pass_count(), 3);
-        let by_pass = r.notes_by_pass(r.pass_count());
-        assert_eq!(by_pass.len(), 2, "the empty trailing pass is not a take");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn an_empty_recording_still_yields_one_take() {
-        let mut r = rec();
-        wrap(&mut r);
-        wrap(&mut r);
-        assert_eq!(r.notes_by_pass(r.pass_count()).len(), 1);
-    }
 }

daw-backend/src/audio/track.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use super::automation::{AutomationLane, AutomationLaneId, ParameterId};
 use super::clip::{AudioClipInstance, AudioClipInstanceId};
-use super::midi::{MidiClipId, MidiClipInstance, MidiClipInstanceId, MidiEvent};
+use super::midi::{MidiClipInstance, MidiClipInstanceId, MidiEvent};
 use super::midi_pool::MidiClipPool;
 use super::node_graph::AudioGraph;
 use super::node_graph::nodes::{AudioInputNode, AudioOutputNode};
@@ -43,13 +43,6 @@ pub struct RenderContext<'a> {
     /// Used after pause/stop to route note-off tails through the normal group hierarchy
     /// without re-triggering notes from clips at the paused position.
     pub live_only: bool,
-    /// The MIDI recording in progress, if any: (track being recorded to, clip being recorded into).
-    ///
-    /// On that track, every OTHER clip is silenced for the duration of the recording. You're playing
-    /// a part into this region — hearing what's already there (a previous take, say) fighting with
-    /// what you're playing now is just noise. The clip being recorded into is exempt, because in
-    /// merge mode that's exactly what you DO want to hear: the overdub you've been building up.
-    pub recording_midi: Option<(TrackId, MidiClipId)>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> RenderContext<'a> {
@@ -68,7 +61,6 @@ impl<'a> RenderContext<'a> {
             buffer_size,
             time_stretch: 1.0,
             live_only: false,
-            recording_midi: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -872,21 +864,9 @@ impl MidiTrack {
             let playhead_beats = ctx.playhead_beats();
             let buffer_end_beats = ctx.buffer_end_beats();
 
-            // While recording into this track, every clip EXCEPT the one being recorded into is
-            // silenced. Otherwise a take folder already sitting in the cycle region would play its
-            // active take underneath you on every pass, fighting the part you're trying to record.
-            // The recording clip itself is exempt: in merge mode that's the overdub monitoring.
-            let muted_clip = match ctx.recording_midi {
-                Some((track_id, clip_id)) if track_id == self.id => Some(clip_id),
-                _ => None,
-            };
-
             // Collect MIDI events from all clip instances that overlap with current beat range
             let mut currently_active = HashSet::new();
             for instance in &self.clip_instances {
-                if muted_clip.is_some_and(|recording| instance.clip_id != recording) {
-                    continue;
-                }
                 if instance.overlaps_range(playhead_beats, buffer_end_beats) {
                     currently_active.insert(instance.id);
                 }

daw-backend/src/command/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 pub mod types;
 
-pub use types::{AudioEvent, Command, MidiClipData, OscilloscopeData, Query, QueryResponse, TrimRange};
+pub use types::{AudioEvent, Command, MidiClipData, OscilloscopeData, Query, QueryResponse};

daw-backend/src/command/types.rs

@@ -8,21 +8,6 @@ use crate::audio::node_graph::nodes::LoopMode;
 use crate::io::WaveformPeak;
 use crate::time::{Beats, Seconds};
 
-/// A clip's internal (content) boundaries, tagged with the domain they're measured in.
-///
-/// A clip's content time is SECONDS for sampled audio but BEATS for MIDI — the same polymorphism
-/// `ClipInstance::trim_start`/`trim_end` carry. Passing these as bare `f64`s meant the caller and
-/// the engine could disagree about the unit with nothing to catch it: an audio trim of "1.0" was
-/// once stored as `Beats(1.0)` for the clip's external duration, so a 1-second split played back as
-/// half a second at 120 BPM. Tagging the domain makes that a type error instead of a bug report.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
-pub enum TrimRange {
-    /// Sampled-audio content time.
-    Seconds { start: Seconds, end: Seconds },
-    /// MIDI content time.
-    Beats { start: Beats, end: Beats },
-}
-
 /// Commands sent from UI/control thread to audio thread
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum Command {
@@ -34,7 +19,7 @@ pub enum Command {
     /// Pause playback (maintains position)
     Pause,
     /// Seek to a specific position in seconds
-    Seek(Seconds),
+    Seek(f64),
 
     // Track management commands
     /// Set track volume (0.0 = silence, 1.0 = unity gain)
@@ -46,12 +31,13 @@ pub enum Command {
 
     // Clip management commands
     /// Move a clip to a new timeline position (track_id, clip_id, new_external_start)
-    MoveClip(TrackId, ClipId, Beats),
-    /// Trim a clip's internal boundaries — which portion of the source content is used.
-    TrimClip(TrackId, ClipId, TrimRange),
+    MoveClip(TrackId, ClipId, f64),
+    /// Trim a clip's internal boundaries (track_id, clip_id, new_internal_start, new_internal_end)
+    /// This changes which portion of the source content is used
+    TrimClip(TrackId, ClipId, f64, f64),
     /// Extend/shrink a clip's external duration (track_id, clip_id, new_external_duration)
     /// If duration > internal duration, the clip will loop
-    ExtendClip(TrackId, ClipId, Beats),
+    ExtendClip(TrackId, ClipId, f64),
 
     // Metatrack management commands
     /// Create a new metatrack with a name and optional parent group
@@ -67,15 +53,15 @@ pub enum Command {
     SetTimeStretch(TrackId, f32),
     /// Set metatrack time offset in seconds (track_id, offset)
     /// Positive = shift content later, negative = shift earlier
-    SetOffset(TrackId, Seconds),
+    SetOffset(TrackId, f64),
     /// Set metatrack pitch shift in semitones (track_id, semitones) - for future use
     SetPitchShift(TrackId, f32),
     /// Set metatrack trim start in seconds (track_id, trim_start)
     /// Children won't hear content before this point
-    SetTrimStart(TrackId, Seconds),
+    SetTrimStart(TrackId, f64),
     /// Set metatrack trim end in seconds (track_id, trim_end)
     /// None means no end trim
-    SetTrimEnd(TrackId, Option<Seconds>),
+    SetTrimEnd(TrackId, Option<f64>),
 
     // Audio track commands
     /// Create a new audio track with a name and optional parent group
@@ -85,8 +71,7 @@ pub enum Command {
     AddAudioFile(String, Vec<f32>, u32, u32),
     /// Add a clip to an audio track (track_id, clip_id, pool_index, start_time, duration, offset)
     /// The clip_id is pre-assigned by the caller (via EngineController::next_audio_clip_id())
-    /// (track, clip_id, pool_index, start_time [beats], duration [beats], offset [seconds])
-    AddAudioClip(TrackId, AudioClipInstanceId, usize, Beats, Beats, Seconds),
+    AddAudioClip(TrackId, AudioClipInstanceId, usize, f64, f64, f64),
 
     // MIDI commands
     /// Create a new MIDI track with a name and optional parent group
@@ -94,14 +79,14 @@ pub enum Command {
     /// Add a MIDI clip to the pool without placing it on a track
     AddMidiClipToPool(MidiClip),
     /// Create a new MIDI clip on a track (track_id, start_time, duration)
-    CreateMidiClip(TrackId, Beats, Beats),
+    CreateMidiClip(TrackId, f64, f64),
     /// Add a MIDI note to a clip (track_id, clip_id, time_offset, note, velocity, duration)
-    AddMidiNote(TrackId, MidiClipId, Beats, u8, u8, Beats),
+    AddMidiNote(TrackId, MidiClipId, f64, u8, u8, f64),
     /// Add a pre-loaded MIDI clip to a track (track_id, clip, start_time)
-    AddLoadedMidiClip(TrackId, MidiClip, Beats),
+    AddLoadedMidiClip(TrackId, MidiClip, f64),
     /// Update MIDI clip notes (track_id, clip_id, notes: Vec<(start_time, note, velocity, duration)>)
     /// NOTE: May need to switch to individual note operations if this becomes slow on clips with many notes
-    UpdateMidiClipNotes(TrackId, MidiClipId, Vec<(Beats, u8, u8, Beats)>),
+    UpdateMidiClipNotes(TrackId, MidiClipId, Vec<(f64, u8, u8, f64)>),
     /// Replace all events in a MIDI clip (track_id, clip_id, events). Used for CC/pitch bend editing.
     UpdateMidiClipEvents(TrackId, MidiClipId, Vec<MidiEvent>),
     /// Remove a MIDI clip instance from a track (track_id, instance_id) - for undo/redo support
@@ -117,9 +102,9 @@ pub enum Command {
     /// Create a new automation lane on a track (track_id, parameter_id)
     CreateAutomationLane(TrackId, ParameterId),
     /// Add an automation point to a lane (track_id, lane_id, time, value, curve)
-    AddAutomationPoint(TrackId, AutomationLaneId, Beats, f32, CurveType),
+    AddAutomationPoint(TrackId, AutomationLaneId, f64, f32, CurveType),
     /// Remove an automation point at a specific time (track_id, lane_id, time, tolerance)
-    RemoveAutomationPoint(TrackId, AutomationLaneId, Beats, Beats),
+    RemoveAutomationPoint(TrackId, AutomationLaneId, f64, f64),
     /// Clear all automation points from a lane (track_id, lane_id)
     ClearAutomationLane(TrackId, AutomationLaneId),
     /// Remove an automation lane (track_id, lane_id)
@@ -127,24 +112,9 @@ pub enum Command {
     /// Enable/disable an automation lane (track_id, lane_id, enabled)
     SetAutomationLaneEnabled(TrackId, AutomationLaneId, bool),
 
-    // Transport cycle (loop) region
-    /// Set the cycle region the transport loops over, in beats (None clears it).
-    /// Authored in beats so it survives tempo changes.
-    SetLoopRegion(Option<(Beats, Beats)>),
-    /// Enable/disable wrapping at the cycle region's end.
-    SetLoopEnabled(bool),
-    /// How a cycle MIDI recording treats its passes.
-    ///
-    /// `false` (default) = MERGE: every pass overdubs into one clip. `true` = SEPARATE TAKES: each
-    /// pass becomes its own MIDI clip, and the editor folds them into a take folder — the same shape
-    /// audio always gets.
-    SetCycleMidiSeparateTakes(bool),
-
     // Recording commands
     /// Start recording on a track (track_id, start_time)
-    /// (track, start_time, force_takes — cut takes even if the transport never wraps, because the
-    /// region already holds takes and this is another one)
-    StartRecording(TrackId, Beats, bool),
+    StartRecording(TrackId, Beats),
     /// Stop the current recording
     StopRecording,
     /// Pause the current recording
@@ -154,8 +124,7 @@ pub enum Command {
 
     // MIDI Recording commands
     /// Start MIDI recording on a track (track_id, clip_id, start_time)
-    /// (track, clip, start_time, force_takes — see [`Command::StartRecording`])
-    StartMidiRecording(TrackId, MidiClipId, Beats, bool),
+    StartMidiRecording(TrackId, MidiClipId, Beats),
     /// Stop the current MIDI recording
     StopMidiRecording,
 
@@ -267,9 +236,9 @@ pub enum Command {
 
     // Automation Input Node commands
     /// Add or update a keyframe on an AutomationInput node (track_id, node_id, time, value, interpolation, ease_out, ease_in)
-    AutomationAddKeyframe(TrackId, u32, Beats, f32, String, (f32, f32), (f32, f32)),
+    AutomationAddKeyframe(TrackId, u32, f64, f32, String, (f32, f32), (f32, f32)),
     /// Remove a keyframe from an AutomationInput node (track_id, node_id, time)
-    AutomationRemoveKeyframe(TrackId, u32, Beats),
+    AutomationRemoveKeyframe(TrackId, u32, f64),
     /// Set the display name of an AutomationInput node (track_id, node_id, name)
     AutomationSetName(TrackId, u32, String),
 
@@ -301,7 +270,7 @@ pub enum Command {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum AudioEvent {
     /// Current playback position in seconds
-    PlaybackPosition(Seconds),
+    PlaybackPosition(f64),
     /// Playback has stopped (reached end of audio)
     PlaybackStopped,
     /// Audio buffer underrun detected
@@ -322,35 +291,6 @@ pub enum AudioEvent {
     RecordingProgress(ClipId, Seconds),
     /// Recording stopped (clip_id, pool_index, waveform)
     RecordingStopped(ClipId, usize, Vec<WaveformPeak>),
-    /// A MIDI recording that wrapped the cycle region at least once, in SEPARATE TAKES mode.
-    ///
-    /// One MIDI clip per pass, in recording order. (Merge mode emits the ordinary
-    /// `MidiRecordingStopped` instead — all passes are already folded into the one clip.)
-    MidiCycleRecordingStopped {
-        track_id: TrackId,
-        /// One pool MIDI clip per pass. The first is the clip the recording started on.
-        clip_ids: Vec<MidiClipId>,
-        /// Where the takes sit on the timeline — the cycle region's start.
-        loop_start: Beats,
-        /// The region's length in beats: every take spans exactly this.
-        loop_len_beats: Beats,
-    },
-    /// A recording that wrapped the cycle region at least once, and so became multi-take.
-    ///
-    /// Each take spans the full region and they're all the same length (partial passes are padded
-    /// with silence), so the editor can promote the recording clip straight to a take folder.
-    CycleRecordingStopped {
-        clip_id: ClipId,
-        /// One entry per pass: (audio pool index, waveform peaks), in recording order.
-        takes: Vec<(usize, Vec<WaveformPeak>)>,
-        /// Where the takes sit on the timeline — the cycle region's start, not the punch-in point.
-        loop_start: Beats,
-        /// The region's length in beats (what the take folder stores as `recorded_loop_beats`).
-        loop_len_beats: Beats,
-        /// The same length in seconds — the take folder's content duration, which is seconds-domain
-        /// for audio.
-        loop_len_seconds: Seconds,
-    },
     /// Recording error (error_message)
     RecordingError(String),
     /// MIDI recording stopped (track_id, clip_id, note_count)
@@ -401,7 +341,7 @@ pub enum AudioEvent {
     WaveformChunksReady {
         pool_index: usize,
         detail_level: u8,
-        chunks: Vec<(u32, (Seconds, Seconds), Vec<WaveformPeak>)>,
+        chunks: Vec<(u32, (f64, f64), Vec<WaveformPeak>)>,
     },
 
     /// An audio file has been imported and is ready for playback.
@@ -412,7 +352,7 @@ pub enum AudioEvent {
         path: String,
         channels: u32,
         sample_rate: u32,
-        duration: Seconds,
+        duration: f64,
         format: crate::io::audio_file::AudioFormat,
     },
 
@@ -486,7 +426,7 @@ pub enum Query {
     /// Export audio to file (settings, output_path)
     ExportAudio(crate::audio::ExportSettings, std::path::PathBuf),
     /// Add a MIDI clip to a track synchronously (track_id, clip, start_time) - returns instance ID
-    AddMidiClipSync(TrackId, crate::audio::midi::MidiClip, Beats),
+    AddMidiClipSync(TrackId, crate::audio::midi::MidiClip, f64),
     /// Add a MIDI clip instance to a track synchronously (track_id, instance) - returns instance ID
     /// The clip must already exist in the MidiClipPool
     AddMidiClipInstanceSync(TrackId, crate::audio::midi::MidiClipInstance),
@@ -531,21 +471,16 @@ pub struct OscilloscopeData {
 }
 
 /// MIDI clip data for serialization
-///
-/// `Beats`/`Seconds` are `#[serde(transparent)]`, so naming the domain here costs nothing on disk —
-/// the `.beam` still holds a plain number.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct MidiClipData {
-    /// MIDI content length is musical, so beats.
-    pub duration: Beats,
+    pub duration: f64,
     pub events: Vec<crate::audio::midi::MidiEvent>,
 }
 
 /// Automation keyframe data for serialization
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct AutomationKeyframeData {
-    /// Automation x-axes are all beats.
-    pub time: Beats,
+    pub time: f64,
     pub value: f32,
     pub interpolation: String,
     pub ease_out: (f32, f32),
@@ -582,7 +517,7 @@ pub enum QueryResponse {
     /// Pool waveform data
     PoolWaveform(Result<Vec<crate::io::WaveformPeak>, String>),
     /// Pool file info (duration, sample_rate, channels)
-    PoolFileInfo(Result<(Seconds, u32, u32), String>),
+    PoolFileInfo(Result<(f64, u32, u32), String>),
     /// Audio exported
     AudioExported(Result<(), String>),
     /// MIDI clip instance added (returns instance ID)

daw-backend/src/lib.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ pub use audio::{
     TrackNode,
 };
 pub use audio::node_graph::{GraphPreset, AudioGraph, PresetMetadata, SerializedConnection, SerializedNode};
-pub use time::{Beats, ContentTime, Seconds};
+pub use time::{Beats, Seconds};
 pub use tempo_map::{TempoEntry, TempoInterpolation, TempoMap, beats_to_seconds_stack, seconds_to_beats_stack};
 pub use command::{AudioEvent, Command, OscilloscopeData};
 pub use command::types::AutomationKeyframeData;

daw-backend/src/time.rs

@@ -16,50 +16,6 @@ pub struct Beats(pub f64);
 #[serde(transparent)]
 pub struct Seconds(pub f64);
 
-/// A time *inside a clip's own content*, in whatever unit that clip measures content in.
-///
-/// Clip content time is domain-polymorphic: SECONDS for sampled audio, video and vector, but BEATS
-/// for MIDI (musical, so it survives tempo changes). `ClipInstance::trim_start`/`trim_end` are
-/// content times, and storing them as bare `f64`s is what let a seconds delta get added to a MIDI
-/// clip's beats trim — splitting a MIDI clip at beat 4 landed at beat 2 at 120 BPM.
-///
-/// This type is deliberately a **dead end**: it has no `.to_seconds()`, no `.to_beats()`, and no
-/// arithmetic with `Seconds` or `Beats`. Content times can be compared and combined with each other
-/// (that's domain-safe — both operands are in the same clip's domain), but the only way to get a
-/// real timeline duration out is to resolve it against the clip that knows the domain, via
-/// `AudioClip::resolve_content_time` / `Document::resolve_content_time`. So a passthrough costs
-/// nothing, and mixing domains won't compile.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-#[serde(transparent)]
-pub struct ContentTime(pub f64);
-
-impl ContentTime {
-    pub const ZERO: Self = Self(0.0);
-
-    pub fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self { Self(self.0.max(other.0)) }
-    pub fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self { Self(self.0.min(other.0)) }
-
-    /// The raw magnitude, with the domain discarded.
-    ///
-    /// Only for code that is *already* working in this clip's content domain (trim arithmetic,
-    /// serialization, drawing a waveform whose x-axis is the clip's own content). If you are about
-    /// to combine this with a timeline position, resolve it against the clip instead.
-    pub fn raw(self) -> f64 { self.0 }
-}
-
-impl Add for ContentTime {
-    type Output = Self;
-    fn add(self, rhs: Self) -> Self { Self(self.0 + rhs.0) }
-}
-impl Sub for ContentTime {
-    type Output = Self;
-    fn sub(self, rhs: Self) -> Self { Self(self.0 - rhs.0) }
-}
-impl Rem for ContentTime {
-    type Output = Self;
-    fn rem(self, rhs: Self) -> Self { Self(self.0 % rhs.0) }
-}
-
 impl Beats {
     pub const ZERO: Self = Self(0.0);
 

daw-backend/src/tui/mod.rs

@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ pub fn run_tui(
             while let Ok(event) = rx.pop() {
                 match event {
                     AudioEvent::PlaybackPosition(pos) => {
-                        app.update_playback_position(pos.seconds_to_f64());
+                        app.update_playback_position(pos);
                     }
                     AudioEvent::PlaybackStopped => {
                         app.set_playing(false);
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ fn execute_command(
                 return Err("Usage: seek <seconds>".to_string());
             }
             let pos: f64 = parts[1].parse().map_err(|_| "Invalid position")?;
-            controller.seek(crate::Seconds(pos));
+            controller.seek(pos);
             app.set_status(format!("Seeked to {:.2}s", pos));
         }
         "track" => {
@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ fn execute_command(
             app.next_clip_id += 1;
             app.add_clip(track_id, clip_id, start_time, duration, format!("Clip {}", clip_id), Vec::new());
 
-            controller.create_midi_clip(track_id, crate::Beats(start_time), crate::Beats(duration));
+            controller.create_midi_clip(track_id, start_time, duration);
             app.set_status(format!("Created MIDI clip on track {} at {:.2}s for {:.2}s", track_id, start_time, duration));
         }
         "loadmidi" => {
@@ -882,7 +882,7 @@ fn execute_command(
                     app.next_clip_id += 1;
 
                     // Send to audio engine with the start_time (clip content is separate from timeline position)
-                    controller.add_loaded_midi_clip(track_id, midi_clip, crate::Beats(start_time));
+                    controller.add_loaded_midi_clip(track_id, midi_clip, start_time);
 
                     app.set_status(format!("Loaded {} ({} events, {:.2}s) to track {} at {:.2}s",
                         file_path, event_count, duration, track_id, start_time));

lightningbeam-ui/Cargo.lock

@@ -3615,7 +3615,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "rusqlite",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
- "skrifa 0.43.2",
  "tiny-skia",
  "uuid",
  "vello",
@@ -3628,7 +3627,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lightningbeam-editor"
-version = "1.0.9-alpha"
+version = "1.0.7-alpha"
 dependencies = [
  "beamdsp",
  "bytemuck",
@@ -3642,7 +3641,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "egui_extras",
  "egui_node_graph2",
  "ffmpeg-next",
- "gif",
  "gpu-video-encoder",
  "half",
  "image",

lightningbeam-ui/Cargo.toml

@@ -83,15 +83,6 @@ opt-level = 2
 [profile.dev.package.cpal]
 opt-level = 2
 
-# GIF export: NeuQuant palette quantization is tight numeric loops that are punishingly slow
-# unoptimized (10–30× in debug). Optimize the encoder crates even in dev builds.
-[profile.dev.package.gif]
-opt-level = 3
-[profile.dev.package.color_quant]
-opt-level = 3
-[profile.dev.package.weezl]
-opt-level = 3
-
 # Use local egui fork with ibus/Wayland text input fix
 [patch.crates-io]
 egui = { path = "../../egui-fork/crates/egui" }

lightningbeam-ui/GPU_VIDEO_DECODE_PLAN.md

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+# GPU-resident video decode + dynamic decode resolution
+
+## Context
+
+Profiling the zero-copy H.264 export (single Group[Video, Audio] clip, `LB_RENDER_PROFILE=1`)
+broke the per-frame CPU "render" bucket down as:
+
+| Cost (ms/frame)         | 1080p | 4K    | What it is                                          |
+|-------------------------|-------|-------|-----------------------------------------------------|
+| decode                  | 3.1   | 19.0  | software ffmpeg decode (`video.rs::get_frame`)      |
+| background re-render     | 3.6   | 7.5   | static background pushed through Vello *every frame* |
+| video upload + blit      | 4.1   | 4.2   | per-frame transient texture alloc + `write_texture`  |
+| srgb                    | 0.4   | 0.4   | linear→sRGB pass                                     |
+
+The video correctly takes the GPU Video-instance path (not Vello-baked) — `LB_LAYER_DEBUG=1`
+shows `Video (1 instance)`. So the cost is **the video frame itself**: software decode, then an
+8 MB `write_texture` upload of the decoded RGBA every frame. At 4K, software decode (19 ms)
+dominates everything.
+
+### Two correctness problems found alongside the perf issue
+
+1. **Decode resolution is frozen to document size at import.** `load_video(clip, src, doc_w, doc_h)`
+   (`main.rs:4302`) sizes the decoder's swscale output to the document, capped to never upscale
+   (`video.rs:149`). Export *reuses that decoder*, so exporting **above** document resolution yields
+   video that was decoded to ≤document res and then GPU-**up**scaled — real source detail thrown away.
+2. **It can't follow the consumer or a document resize.** Preview wants small/fast frames; export
+   wants full res; changing the document size should re-target the decode. None of that works with a
+   size frozen at import.
+
+## Goal
+
+Decouple **decode resolution** from import/document size: the renderer requests a frame *at a target
+resolution*, and the decode path produces it. Hardware-decode H.264 (and later HEVC/AV1) into a GPU
+surface and keep it GPU-resident through composite into the encoder — no CPU frame copy in either
+direction. Software decode stays a **first-class** path (codecs/platforms without HW support), decoding
+at the requested target res. This fixes the 4K decode wall, the 8 MB upload, *and* the resolution bugs.
+
+## Design principles
+
+- **Decode native, scale to the consumer's target.**
+  - *Hardware path:* decode into a native VAAPI surface → import as a wgpu texture (reuse the
+    `gpu-video-encoder` `dmabuf.rs` / `vk_device.rs` plumbing, read direction) → the GPU blit that
+    already composites the Video instance scales native→target for free. Handles any target res and
+    document resizes inherently; the cached frame is a native GPU texture.
+  - *Software path:* decode native → `swscale` to the requested target (the reusable scaler is keyed
+    on input format/size **and** output size — rebuilt when the target changes). Preview requests
+    preview res (cheap); export requests export res (full quality).
+- **`VideoManager::get_frame` takes a target `(w, h)`** instead of relying on a frozen output size.
+  The frame cache is keyed to handle multiple live targets (preview + export) — either cache native
+  frames and scale on demand, or key by `(clip, ts, target)`; decide in Stage 2 by measuring cache
+  hit/scale tradeoff.
+- **Software is not optional.** Hardware decode is an acceleration of the same `get_frame` contract,
+  selected per source when the codec/driver supports it; everything falls back to software cleanly.
+
+## Approach (staged; each stage compiles + is independently useful)
+
+### Stage 0 — independent quick wins (not blocked on decode)
+- **Cache the static background** (`composite_document_to_hdr`): render once, reuse via a persistent
+  HDR texture (copy-in each frame) instead of a full Vello render + 2 passes/submits every frame.
+  Recovers ~3.6 ms (1080p) / ~7.5 ms (4K) per frame on *every* export. (In flight.)
+
+### Stage 1 — software: decode at the requested target res (testable; fixes the quality bug now)
+- Change `VideoManager::get_frame(clip, ts)` → `get_frame(clip, ts, target_w, target_h)`; thread the
+  target from the renderer (preview = current doc/preview res, export = export res). Cap at native.
+- Rework `VideoDecoder` so output size is per-request, not frozen at construction; cache the swscale
+  context per output size (already cached per stream — extend the key). Adjust the frame cache key.
+- Result: software exports are full-quality at any export res, and document resizes re-target decode.
+  No hardware needed; this is the correctness fix for the codecs HW can't handle anyway.
+
+### Stage 2 — hardware decode primitive (headless-testable here, like the 8 encode tests)
+- In `gpu-video-encoder` (rename → `gpu-video-codec`): `h264_vaapi`-style **decode** → VAAPI surface →
+  export DMA-BUF → import as a wgpu texture. Hardware test: decode a known file, verify dims/contents.
+
+### Stage 3 — wire hardware decode into `get_frame` (blind; user-verifies)
+- When the source codec/driver is HW-decodable, `get_frame` returns a **GPU texture** (native res)
+  instead of `Arc<Vec<u8>>`; the compositor uses it directly (no `write_texture`), GPU-scaling to the
+  target. For the zero-copy export the frame never leaves the GPU: **decode → composite → encode** on
+  one device. Software path is the fallback for everything else.
+
+## Critical files
+- `lightningbeam-core/src/video.rs` — `VideoDecoder` (per-request output size, scaler cache),
+  `VideoManager::get_frame` (target param, cache key).
+- `lightningbeam-core/src/renderer.rs` — pass the render target res into the video-instance build.
+- `lightningbeam-editor/src/export/video_exporter.rs` — background cache (Stage 0); consume a GPU
+  texture instead of uploading RGBA (Stage 3).
+- `gpu-video-encoder/` (→ `gpu-video-codec`) — `dmabuf.rs`/`vk_device.rs` reused for the decode import.
+
+## Risks
+- **Codec coverage** — only some codecs are HW-decodable per GPU/driver; software must stay correct
+  and well-tested. Selection must probe support per source, not assume.
+- **Cache memory** — native-res GPU textures (esp. 4K) are large; the frame cache budget needs revisiting.
+- **Colorspace/format** — VAAPI decode surfaces are NV12/tiled; the existing import handles NV12, but
+  10-bit/HDR sources (P010) need format handling.
+- **Preview vs export sharing** — two live targets (preview res + export res) from the same source; the
+  cache/scaler design must serve both without thrashing.
+
+## Verification
+- Stage 0/1: visual — export above document res is now full-quality (not upscaled); profile shows
+  background ≈ 0 and (Stage 1) software export correct at the chosen res.
+- Stage 2: headless hardware test in `gpu-video-codec` (decode → wgpu texture, ffprobe/byte checks).
+- Stage 3 (user): 1080p + 4K H.264 export — decode/upload buckets collapse; software fallback for a
+  non-HW codec (e.g. ProRes) still produces correct full-res output.

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/Cargo.toml

@@ -20,9 +20,6 @@ vello = { workspace = true }
 
 # Text layout/shaping (text layers)
 parley = { workspace = true }
-# Glyph outline extraction for lossless text→SVG export. Pinned to the version parley resolves
-# (0.43) so glyph IDs / normalized coords from parley layouts match this outliner.
-skrifa = "0.43"
 
 # Image decoding for image fills
 image = { workspace = true }

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/action.rs

@@ -47,113 +47,6 @@ pub struct BackendContext<'a> {
     // Future: pub video_controller: Option<&'a mut VideoController>,
 }
 
-impl BackendContext<'_> {
-    /// Hand a clip instance to the audio engine and record it in the instance→backend map.
-    ///
-    /// Take folders are resolved through the instance's `active_take`, so the backend gets whichever
-    /// take is selected. Returns the backend track and instance IDs, or `None` when there's nothing
-    /// to sync yet (a recording in progress, or an empty take folder).
-    ///
-    /// Lives here rather than in any one action because more than one action needs it: adding an
-    /// instance, and switching a take folder's active take (which is a remove + re-add, there being
-    /// no in-place pool-swap command). Keeping one implementation keeps the trim/duration
-    /// conversions — the easy thing to get subtly wrong, since `trim_*` is SECONDS while
-    /// `timeline_*` is BEATS — from drifting between copies.
-    pub fn add_clip_instance(
-        &mut self,
-        document: &Document,
-        layer_id: &Uuid,
-        instance: &crate::clip::ClipInstance,
-    ) -> Result<Option<(daw_backend::TrackId, BackendClipInstanceId)>, String> {
-        use crate::clip::ResolvedContent;
-
-        let clip = document
-            .get_audio_clip(&instance.clip_id)
-            .ok_or_else(|| format!("Audio clip {} not found", instance.clip_id))?;
-
-        let track_id = *self
-            .layer_to_track_map
-            .get(layer_id)
-            .ok_or_else(|| format!("Layer {} not mapped to backend track", layer_id))?;
-
-        let resolved = instance.resolve(clip);
-        let content = clip.content_duration();
-        let internal_start = instance.trim_start;
-        let internal_end = instance
-            .trim_end
-            .unwrap_or(daw_backend::ContentTime(content.native()));
-        let start_time = instance.timeline_start;
-
-        // How long the clip occupies the timeline, in BEATS. `effective_duration_beats` resolves the
-        // content window in the clip's own domain — beats content carries over directly, wall-clock
-        // content converts at the clip's position — so neither kind can be read as the other here.
-        let effective_duration = instance.effective_duration_beats(content, document.tempo_map());
-
-        let controller = self
-            .audio_controller
-            .as_mut()
-            .ok_or_else(|| "Audio controller not available".to_string())?;
-
-        let backend_id = match resolved {
-            ResolvedContent::Midi { midi_clip_id } => {
-                use daw_backend::command::{Query, QueryResponse};
-
-                // MIDI content time IS beats, so the trims carry straight over.
-                let midi_instance = daw_backend::MidiClipInstance::new(
-                    0, // assigned by the backend
-                    midi_clip_id,
-                    daw_backend::Beats(internal_start.raw()),
-                    daw_backend::Beats(internal_end.raw()),
-                    start_time,
-                    effective_duration,
-                );
-
-                match controller
-                    .send_query(Query::AddMidiClipInstanceSync(track_id, midi_instance))?
-                {
-                    QueryResponse::MidiClipInstanceAdded(Ok(id)) => BackendClipInstanceId::Midi(id),
-                    QueryResponse::MidiClipInstanceAdded(Err(e)) => return Err(e),
-                    _ => return Err("Unexpected query response".to_string()),
-                }
-            }
-            ResolvedContent::Audio { audio_pool_index } => {
-                // Sampled-audio content time is SECONDS; the backend's start/duration are BEATS.
-                let id = controller.add_audio_clip(
-                    track_id,
-                    audio_pool_index,
-                    start_time,
-                    effective_duration,
-                    daw_backend::Seconds(internal_start.raw()),
-                );
-                BackendClipInstanceId::Audio(id)
-            }
-            // Nothing to sync until it has content.
-            ResolvedContent::Recording => return Ok(None),
-        };
-
-        self.clip_instance_to_backend_map
-            .insert(instance.id, backend_id);
-
-        Ok(Some((track_id, backend_id)))
-    }
-
-    /// Remove a clip instance's backend clip and drop it from the instance→backend map.
-    pub fn remove_clip_instance(
-        &mut self,
-        track_id: daw_backend::TrackId,
-        backend_id: BackendClipInstanceId,
-        instance_id: Uuid,
-    ) {
-        if let Some(controller) = self.audio_controller.as_mut() {
-            match backend_id {
-                BackendClipInstanceId::Midi(id) => controller.remove_midi_clip(track_id, id),
-                BackendClipInstanceId::Audio(id) => controller.remove_audio_clip(track_id, id),
-            }
-        }
-        self.clip_instance_to_backend_map.remove(&instance_id);
-    }
-}
-
 /// Action trait for undo/redo operations
 ///
 /// Each action must be able to execute (apply changes) and rollback (undo changes).
@@ -343,24 +236,6 @@ impl ActionExecutor {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Register an action whose effect has **already been applied** to the document (and backend)
-    /// outside the executor — e.g. a recording, which streams its content into the document live
-    /// over time and can't be applied by a single synchronous `execute()`.
-    ///
-    /// Unlike `execute`, this does NOT run `execute()`/`execute_backend()` (the effect is already
-    /// present). It clears the redo stack, bumps the epoch (so the document reads as modified), and
-    /// pushes the action so it becomes undoable: undo runs `rollback`/`rollback_backend` to remove
-    /// the content, redo runs `execute`/`execute_backend` to bring it back. The action must be
-    /// constructed already in its post-execute state (see e.g. `AddClipInstanceAction::already_applied`).
-    pub fn push_applied(&mut self, action: Box<dyn Action>) {
-        self.redo_stack.clear();
-        self.epoch = self.epoch.wrapping_add(1);
-        self.undo_stack.push(action);
-        if self.undo_stack.len() > self.max_undo_depth {
-            self.undo_stack.remove(0);
-        }
-    }
-
     /// Undo the last action
     ///
     /// Returns Ok(true) if an action was undone, Ok(false) if undo stack is empty,
@@ -372,7 +247,6 @@ impl ActionExecutor {
                 Ok(()) => {
                     // Move to redo stack
                     self.redo_stack.push(action);
-                    self.epoch = self.epoch.wrapping_add(1);
                     Ok(true)
                 }
                 Err(e) => {
@@ -397,7 +271,6 @@ impl ActionExecutor {
                 Ok(()) => {
                     // Move back to undo stack
                     self.undo_stack.push(action);
-                    self.epoch = self.epoch.wrapping_add(1);
                     Ok(true)
                 }
                 Err(e) => {
@@ -571,7 +444,6 @@ impl ActionExecutor {
 
             // Move to redo stack
             self.redo_stack.push(action);
-            self.epoch = self.epoch.wrapping_add(1);
 
             Ok(true)
         } else {
@@ -609,7 +481,6 @@ impl ActionExecutor {
 
             // Move back to undo stack
             self.undo_stack.push(action);
-            self.epoch = self.epoch.wrapping_add(1);
 
             Ok(true)
         } else {

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/actions/add_clip_instance.rs

@@ -47,31 +47,6 @@ impl AddClipInstanceAction {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Construct the action in its **already-applied** state: the clip instance is already in the
-    /// document and its backend clip already exists (e.g. a finished recording). Pair with
-    /// `ActionExecutor::push_applied` so the recording becomes undoable without re-adding anything.
-    /// Undo will `rollback`/`rollback_backend` (removing the clip from doc + backend via the seeded
-    /// ids); redo re-adds it via the normal `execute`/`execute_backend` path.
-    pub fn already_applied(
-        layer_id: Uuid,
-        clip_instance: ClipInstance,
-        backend_track_id: daw_backend::TrackId,
-        backend_id: crate::action::BackendClipInstanceId,
-    ) -> Self {
-        let (backend_midi_instance_id, backend_audio_instance_id) = match backend_id {
-            crate::action::BackendClipInstanceId::Midi(id) => (Some(id), None),
-            crate::action::BackendClipInstanceId::Audio(id) => (None, Some(id)),
-        };
-        Self {
-            layer_id,
-            clip_instance,
-            executed: true, // already present in the document
-            backend_track_id: Some(backend_track_id),
-            backend_midi_instance_id,
-            backend_audio_instance_id,
-        }
-    }
-
     /// Get the ID of the clip instance that will be/was added
     pub fn clip_instance_id(&self) -> Uuid {
         self.clip_instance.id
@@ -85,15 +60,13 @@ impl AddClipInstanceAction {
 
 impl Action for AddClipInstanceAction {
     fn execute(&mut self, document: &mut Document) -> Result<(), String> {
-        // Calculate the clip's effective duration in BEATS for overlap testing.
-        // `get_clip_duration` is the content length in seconds; the placement span
-        // must be beats (the timeline is beats-domain), so convert via the clip's
-        // typed helper rather than treating the seconds span as beats.
-        // The clip's content duration in ITS OWN domain, so the trims resolve correctly for MIDI.
-        let clip_content = document.clip_trim_duration(&self.clip_instance.clip_id)
+        // Calculate the clip's effective duration
+        let clip_duration = document.get_clip_duration(&self.clip_instance.clip_id)
             .ok_or_else(|| format!("Clip {} not found", self.clip_instance.clip_id))?;
-        let effective_duration = self.clip_instance
-            .effective_duration_beats(clip_content, document.tempo_map());
+
+        let trim_start = self.clip_instance.trim_start;
+        let trim_end = self.clip_instance.trim_end.unwrap_or(clip_duration);
+        let effective_duration = trim_end - trim_start;
 
         // Auto-adjust position for audio/video layers to avoid overlaps
         let adjusted_start = document.find_nearest_valid_position(
@@ -197,23 +170,112 @@ impl Action for AddClipInstanceAction {
             return Ok(());
         }
 
-        // Add via the shared BackendContext helper — the same one SetActiveTakeAction uses, so
-        // the trim/duration conversions (and take-folder resolution) live in exactly one place.
-        if let Some((track_id, backend_id)) =
-            backend.add_clip_instance(document, &self.layer_id, &self.clip_instance)?
-        {
-            self.backend_track_id = Some(track_id);
-            match backend_id {
-                crate::action::BackendClipInstanceId::Midi(id) => {
-                    self.backend_midi_instance_id = Some(id)
-                }
-                crate::action::BackendClipInstanceId::Audio(id) => {
-                    self.backend_audio_instance_id = Some(id)
+        // Look up the clip from the document
+        let clip = document
+            .get_audio_clip(&self.clip_instance.clip_id)
+            .ok_or_else(|| "Audio clip not found".to_string())?;
+
+        // Look up backend track ID from layer mapping
+        let backend_track_id = backend
+            .layer_to_track_map
+            .get(&self.layer_id)
+            .ok_or_else(|| format!("Layer {} not mapped to backend track", self.layer_id))?;
+
+        // Get audio controller
+        let controller = backend
+            .audio_controller
+            .as_mut()
+            .ok_or_else(|| "Audio controller not available".to_string())?;
+
+        // Handle different clip types
+        use crate::clip::AudioClipType;
+        match &clip.clip_type {
+            AudioClipType::Midi { midi_clip_id } => {
+                // Create a MIDI clip instance referencing the existing clip in the backend pool
+                // No need to add to pool again - it was added during MIDI import
+                use daw_backend::command::{Query, QueryResponse};
+
+                // Calculate internal start/end from trim parameters
+                let internal_start = self.clip_instance.trim_start;
+                let internal_end = self.clip_instance.trim_end.unwrap_or(clip.duration);
+                let external_start = self.clip_instance.timeline_start;
+
+                // Calculate external duration (for looping if timeline_duration is set)
+                let external_duration = self.clip_instance.timeline_duration
+                    .unwrap_or(internal_end - internal_start);
+
+                // Create MidiClipInstance
+                let instance = daw_backend::MidiClipInstance::new(
+                    0, // Instance ID will be assigned by backend
+                    *midi_clip_id,
+                    daw_backend::Beats(internal_start),
+                    daw_backend::Beats(internal_end),
+                    daw_backend::Beats(external_start),
+                    daw_backend::Beats(external_duration),
+                );
+
+                // Send query to add instance and get instance ID
+                let query = Query::AddMidiClipInstanceSync(*backend_track_id, instance);
+
+                match controller.send_query(query)? {
+                    QueryResponse::MidiClipInstanceAdded(Ok(instance_id)) => {
+                        self.backend_track_id = Some(*backend_track_id);
+                        self.backend_midi_instance_id = Some(instance_id);
+
+                        // Add to global clip instance mapping
+                        backend.clip_instance_to_backend_map.insert(
+                            self.clip_instance.id,
+                            crate::action::BackendClipInstanceId::Midi(instance_id)
+                        );
+
+                        Ok(())
+                    }
+                    QueryResponse::MidiClipInstanceAdded(Err(e)) => Err(e),
+                    _ => Err("Unexpected query response".to_string()),
                 }
             }
-        }
+            AudioClipType::Sampled { audio_pool_index } => {
+                // `trim_*` / `clip.duration` are in SECONDS (audio content time),
+                // while `timeline_*` and the backend's `duration` are in BEATS.
+                let internal_start = self.clip_instance.trim_start;
+                let internal_end = self.clip_instance.trim_end.unwrap_or(clip.duration);
+                let start_time = self.clip_instance.timeline_start;
+                // `effective_duration` is in BEATS. When `timeline_duration` is set
+                // it already is; otherwise the clip occupies its natural content
+                // length, so convert that seconds-span to beats at the clip's start
+                // (NOT `internal_end - internal_start`, which is seconds — that was
+                // the seconds-as-beats bug that made clips stop early off 60 BPM).
+                let effective_duration = self.clip_instance.timeline_duration.unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                    let tempo_map = document.tempo_map();
+                    let content_secs = internal_end - internal_start;
+                    tempo_map.inverse_transform(tempo_map.transform(start_time) + content_secs)
+                        - start_time
+                });
 
-        Ok(())
+                let instance_id = controller.add_audio_clip(
+                    *backend_track_id,
+                    *audio_pool_index,
+                    start_time,
+                    effective_duration,
+                    internal_start,
+                );
+
+                self.backend_track_id = Some(*backend_track_id);
+                self.backend_audio_instance_id = Some(instance_id);
+
+                // Add to global clip instance mapping
+                backend.clip_instance_to_backend_map.insert(
+                    self.clip_instance.id,
+                    crate::action::BackendClipInstanceId::Audio(instance_id)
+                );
+
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            AudioClipType::Recording => {
+                // Recording clips are not synced to backend until finalized
+                Ok(())
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     fn rollback_backend(&mut self, backend: &mut BackendContext, _document: &Document) -> Result<(), String> {

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/actions/add_effect.rs

@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_add_effect() {
         let (mut document, layer_id, def) = create_test_setup();
 
-        let instance = def.create_instance(daw_backend::Beats(0.0), daw_backend::Beats(10.0));
+        let instance = def.create_instance(0.0, 10.0);
         let instance_id = instance.id;
 
         let mut action = AddEffectAction::new(layer_id, instance);
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_add_effect_rollback() {
         let (mut document, layer_id, def) = create_test_setup();
 
-        let instance = def.create_instance(daw_backend::Beats(0.0), daw_backend::Beats(10.0));
+        let instance = def.create_instance(0.0, 10.0);
 
         let mut action = AddEffectAction::new(layer_id, instance);
         action.execute(&mut document).unwrap();
@@ -201,19 +201,19 @@ mod tests {
         let (mut document, layer_id, def) = create_test_setup();
 
         // Add first effect
-        let instance1 = def.create_instance(daw_backend::Beats(0.0), daw_backend::Beats(10.0));
+        let instance1 = def.create_instance(0.0, 10.0);
         let id1 = instance1.id;
         let mut action1 = AddEffectAction::new(layer_id, instance1);
         action1.execute(&mut document).unwrap();
 
         // Add second effect
-        let instance2 = def.create_instance(daw_backend::Beats(0.0), daw_backend::Beats(10.0));
+        let instance2 = def.create_instance(0.0, 10.0);
         let id2 = instance2.id;
         let mut action2 = AddEffectAction::new(layer_id, instance2);
         action2.execute(&mut document).unwrap();
 
         // Insert third effect at index 1 (between first and second)
-        let instance3 = def.create_instance(daw_backend::Beats(0.0), daw_backend::Beats(10.0));
+        let instance3 = def.create_instance(0.0, 10.0);
         let id3 = instance3.id;
         let mut action3 = AddEffectAction::at_index(layer_id, instance3, 1);
         action3.execute(&mut document).unwrap();

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/actions/append_takes.rs

@@ -1,141 +0,0 @@
-//! Append freshly-recorded takes to an existing take folder.
-//!
-//! Cycle-recording over a region that already holds a take folder should *add* to that folder, not
-//! drop a second clip on top of it. Otherwise the takes from your second attempt are stranded in a
-//! separate, overlapping clip and you can't audition them against the first.
-//!
-//! The recorded content already exists in the backend pools by the time this runs (the engine put it
-//! there at stop), so this action only touches the document — plus the one backend clip the instance
-//! plays, which has to be repointed at the newly-active take.
-
-use crate::action::{Action, BackendClipInstanceId, BackendContext};
-use crate::clip::AudioTake;
-use crate::document::Document;
-use crate::layer::AnyLayer;
-use uuid::Uuid;
-
-/// Action that appends takes to an instance's take list and selects the last of them.
-pub struct AppendTakesAction {
-    layer_id: Uuid,
-    /// The instance whose take list is being extended (and whose active take changes).
-    instance_id: Uuid,
-    /// The takes to add, in recording order.
-    new_takes: Vec<AudioTake>,
-
-    // Stored during execute for rollback.
-    old_take_count: usize,
-    old_active_take: Option<usize>,
-    executed: bool,
-}
-
-impl AppendTakesAction {
-    pub fn new(layer_id: Uuid, instance_id: Uuid, new_takes: Vec<AudioTake>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            layer_id,
-            instance_id,
-            new_takes,
-            old_take_count: 0,
-            old_active_take: None,
-            executed: false,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Swap the instance's backend clip to whatever take the document now says is active.
-    ///
-    /// Same remove + re-add as `SetActiveTakeAction` — there's no in-place pool-swap command.
-    fn resync(&self, backend: &mut BackendContext, document: &Document) -> Result<(), String> {
-        let instance = document
-            .get_layer(&self.layer_id)
-            .and_then(|l| match l {
-                AnyLayer::Audio(al) => al.clip_instances.iter().find(|ci| ci.id == self.instance_id),
-                _ => None,
-            })
-            .cloned()
-            .ok_or_else(|| format!("Clip instance {} not found", self.instance_id))?;
-
-        let existing: Option<BackendClipInstanceId> = backend
-            .clip_instance_to_backend_map
-            .get(&self.instance_id)
-            .copied();
-        let track_id = backend.layer_to_track_map.get(&self.layer_id).copied();
-        if let (Some(backend_id), Some(track_id)) = (existing, track_id) {
-            backend.remove_clip_instance(track_id, backend_id, self.instance_id);
-        }
-
-        backend.add_clip_instance(document, &self.layer_id, &instance)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl Action for AppendTakesAction {
-    fn execute(&mut self, document: &mut Document) -> Result<(), String> {
-        let layer = document
-            .get_layer_mut(&self.layer_id)
-            .ok_or_else(|| format!("Layer {} not found", self.layer_id))?;
-        let AnyLayer::Audio(audio_layer) = layer else {
-            return Err("Takes only exist on audio layers".to_string());
-        };
-        let instance = audio_layer
-            .clip_instances
-            .iter_mut()
-            .find(|ci| ci.id == self.instance_id)
-            .ok_or_else(|| format!("Clip instance {} not found", self.instance_id))?;
-
-        // Only record the pre-state on the first execute; a redo must not overwrite it with the
-        // post-state left behind by the previous run.
-        if !self.executed {
-            self.old_take_count = instance.takes.len();
-            self.old_active_take = instance.active_take;
-        }
-
-        // Number the new takes on from what's already there. Existing names are left alone — the
-        // user may well have renamed them, and renumbering would clobber that.
-        let base = instance.takes.len();
-        for (i, take) in self.new_takes.iter().enumerate() {
-            let mut take = take.clone();
-            if take.name.is_empty() {
-                take.name = format!("Take {}", base + i + 1);
-            }
-            instance.takes.push(take);
-        }
-
-        // Land on the take just recorded, GarageBand-style.
-        instance.active_take = Some(instance.takes.len() - 1);
-        self.executed = true;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn rollback(&mut self, document: &mut Document) -> Result<(), String> {
-        if let Some(AnyLayer::Audio(audio_layer)) = document.get_layer_mut(&self.layer_id) {
-            if let Some(instance) = audio_layer
-                .clip_instances
-                .iter_mut()
-                .find(|ci| ci.id == self.instance_id)
-            {
-                instance.takes.truncate(self.old_take_count);
-                instance.active_take = self.old_active_take;
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn description(&self) -> String {
-        format!("Record {} take(s)", self.new_takes.len())
-    }
-
-    fn execute_backend(
-        &mut self,
-        backend: &mut BackendContext,
-        document: &Document,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        self.resync(backend, document)
-    }
-
-    fn rollback_backend(
-        &mut self,
-        backend: &mut BackendContext,
-        document: &Document,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        self.resync(backend, document)
-    }
-}

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/actions/loop_clip_instances.rs

@@ -9,9 +9,8 @@ use crate::layer::AnyLayer;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use uuid::Uuid;
 
-/// Per-instance loop change: (instance_id, old_timeline_duration, new_timeline_duration, old_loop_before, new_loop_before).
-/// All durations/offsets are in beats.
-pub type LoopEntry = (Uuid, Option<daw_backend::Beats>, Option<daw_backend::Beats>, Option<daw_backend::Beats>, Option<daw_backend::Beats>);
+/// Per-instance loop change: (instance_id, old_timeline_duration, new_timeline_duration, old_loop_before, new_loop_before)
+pub type LoopEntry = (Uuid, Option<f64>, Option<f64>, Option<f64>, Option<f64>);
 
 /// Action that changes the loop duration of clip instances
 pub struct LoopClipInstancesAction {
@@ -91,7 +90,7 @@ impl Action for LoopClipInstancesAction {
 
 impl LoopClipInstancesAction {
     fn sync_backend(&self, backend: &mut crate::action::BackendContext, document: &Document, rollback: bool) -> Result<(), String> {
-        use crate::clip::ResolvedContent;
+        use crate::clip::AudioClipType;
 
         let controller = match backend.audio_controller.as_mut() {
             Some(c) => c,
@@ -128,22 +127,19 @@ impl LoopClipInstancesAction {
                     (new_dur, new_lb)
                 };
 
-                // Natural content length as a beats span (the fallback when no explicit
-                // timeline_duration is set). Resolved in the clip's own domain, so MIDI's beats
-                // content carries over directly rather than being read as seconds.
-                let content_window_beats = instance.effective_duration_beats(
-                    clip.content_duration(),
-                    document.tempo_map(),
-                );
-                let right_duration = target_duration.unwrap_or(content_window_beats);
-                let left_duration = target_loop_before.unwrap_or(daw_backend::Beats::ZERO);
+                let content_window = {
+                    let trim_end = instance.trim_end.unwrap_or(clip.duration);
+                    (trim_end - instance.trim_start).max(0.0)
+                };
+                let right_duration = target_duration.unwrap_or(content_window);
+                let left_duration = target_loop_before.unwrap_or(0.0);
                 let external_duration = left_duration + right_duration;
                 let external_start = instance.timeline_start - left_duration;
 
                 let get_backend_clip_id = |inst_id: &Uuid| -> Result<u32, String> {
-                    match &instance.resolve(clip) {
-                        ResolvedContent::Midi { midi_clip_id } => Ok(*midi_clip_id),
-                        ResolvedContent::Audio { .. } => {
+                    match &clip.clip_type {
+                        AudioClipType::Midi { midi_clip_id } => Ok(*midi_clip_id),
+                        AudioClipType::Sampled { .. } => {
                             let backend_id = backend.clip_instance_to_backend_map.get(inst_id)
                                 .ok_or_else(|| format!("Clip instance {} not mapped to backend", inst_id))?;
                             match backend_id {
@@ -151,7 +147,7 @@ impl LoopClipInstancesAction {
                                 _ => Err("Expected audio instance ID for sampled clip".to_string()),
                             }
                         }
-                        ResolvedContent::Recording => Err("Cannot sync recording clip".to_string()),
+                        AudioClipType::Recording => Err("Cannot sync recording clip".to_string()),
                     }
                 };
 

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/actions/manage_takes.rs

@@ -1,419 +0,0 @@
-//! Take management: delete and rename the takes on a clip instance.
-//!
-//! Takes live on the INSTANCE, so both of these are naturally scoped to the one the user clicked —
-//! deleting a take from one half of a comped split leaves the other half's list alone.
-
-use crate::action::{Action, BackendClipInstanceId, BackendContext};
-use crate::clip::{AudioTake, ClipInstance};
-use crate::document::Document;
-use crate::layer::AnyLayer;
-use uuid::Uuid;
-
-/// The instance a take action targets, looked up mutably.
-fn instance_mut<'a>(
-    document: &'a mut Document,
-    layer_id: &Uuid,
-    instance_id: &Uuid,
-) -> Result<&'a mut ClipInstance, String> {
-    let layer = document
-        .get_layer_mut(layer_id)
-        .ok_or_else(|| format!("Layer {} not found", layer_id))?;
-    let AnyLayer::Audio(audio_layer) = layer else {
-        return Err("Takes only exist on audio layers".to_string());
-    };
-    audio_layer
-        .clip_instances
-        .iter_mut()
-        .find(|ci| ci.id == *instance_id)
-        .ok_or_else(|| format!("Clip instance {} not found", instance_id))
-}
-
-/// Swap an instance's backend clip to whatever take the document now says is active.
-///
-/// The same remove + re-add as `SetActiveTakeAction` — there's no in-place pool-swap command.
-fn resync(
-    backend: &mut BackendContext,
-    document: &Document,
-    layer_id: &Uuid,
-    instance_id: &Uuid,
-) -> Result<(), String> {
-    let instance = document
-        .get_layer(layer_id)
-        .and_then(|l| match l {
-            AnyLayer::Audio(al) => al.clip_instances.iter().find(|ci| ci.id == *instance_id),
-            _ => None,
-        })
-        .cloned()
-        .ok_or_else(|| format!("Clip instance {} not found", instance_id))?;
-
-    let existing: Option<BackendClipInstanceId> = backend
-        .clip_instance_to_backend_map
-        .get(instance_id)
-        .copied();
-    let track_id = backend.layer_to_track_map.get(layer_id).copied();
-    if let (Some(backend_id), Some(track_id)) = (existing, track_id) {
-        backend.remove_clip_instance(track_id, backend_id, *instance_id);
-    }
-
-    backend.add_clip_instance(document, layer_id, &instance)?;
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Remove a take from an instance's take list.
-///
-/// The take's recorded audio/MIDI stays in the backend pool — undo has to be able to put it back,
-/// and other instances (the other half of a split, say) may still be playing it.
-pub struct DeleteTakeAction {
-    layer_id: Uuid,
-    instance_id: Uuid,
-    take_index: usize,
-
-    // Stored during execute for rollback.
-    removed: Option<AudioTake>,
-    old_active_take: Option<usize>,
-}
-
-impl DeleteTakeAction {
-    pub fn new(layer_id: Uuid, instance_id: Uuid, take_index: usize) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            layer_id,
-            instance_id,
-            take_index,
-            removed: None,
-            old_active_take: None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Action for DeleteTakeAction {
-    fn execute(&mut self, document: &mut Document) -> Result<(), String> {
-        let instance = instance_mut(document, &self.layer_id, &self.instance_id)?;
-
-        if self.take_index >= instance.takes.len() {
-            return Err(format!("Take {} does not exist", self.take_index + 1));
-        }
-        // An instance with no takes at all would fall back to the clip's own content, which for a
-        // cycle recording is a take we may just have deleted. Refuse rather than strand it.
-        if instance.takes.len() == 1 {
-            return Err("Can't delete the only take".to_string());
-        }
-
-        self.old_active_take = instance.active_take;
-        self.removed = Some(instance.takes.remove(self.take_index));
-
-        // Everything above the removed take shifts down one, so the selection has to move with it.
-        // Deleting the *active* take lands on the one that took its place (or the new last take, if
-        // it was at the end) — that keeps the clip sounding rather than silently picking take 1.
-        let active = instance.active_take.unwrap_or(0);
-        instance.active_take = Some(if active > self.take_index {
-            active - 1
-        } else if active == self.take_index {
-            self.take_index.min(instance.takes.len() - 1)
-        } else {
-            active
-        });
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn rollback(&mut self, document: &mut Document) -> Result<(), String> {
-        let Some(take) = self.removed.take() else {
-            return Ok(());
-        };
-        let instance = instance_mut(document, &self.layer_id, &self.instance_id)?;
-        let at = self.take_index.min(instance.takes.len());
-        instance.takes.insert(at, take);
-        instance.active_take = self.old_active_take;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn description(&self) -> String {
-        format!("Delete take {}", self.take_index + 1)
-    }
-
-    fn execute_backend(
-        &mut self,
-        backend: &mut BackendContext,
-        document: &Document,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        resync(backend, document, &self.layer_id, &self.instance_id)
-    }
-
-    fn rollback_backend(
-        &mut self,
-        backend: &mut BackendContext,
-        document: &Document,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        resync(backend, document, &self.layer_id, &self.instance_id)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Throw away every take except the one that's playing.
-///
-/// The tidy-up once you've picked your keeper. Scoped to this instance, so on a comped split it
-/// prunes the half you clicked and leaves the other half's alternatives intact.
-pub struct DeleteUnusedTakesAction {
-    layer_id: Uuid,
-    instance_id: Uuid,
-
-    // Stored during execute for rollback.
-    old_takes: Vec<AudioTake>,
-    old_active_take: Option<usize>,
-}
-
-impl DeleteUnusedTakesAction {
-    pub fn new(layer_id: Uuid, instance_id: Uuid) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            layer_id,
-            instance_id,
-            old_takes: Vec::new(),
-            old_active_take: None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Action for DeleteUnusedTakesAction {
-    fn execute(&mut self, document: &mut Document) -> Result<(), String> {
-        let instance = instance_mut(document, &self.layer_id, &self.instance_id)?;
-        if instance.takes.len() < 2 {
-            return Err("Nothing to delete".to_string());
-        }
-
-        let keep = instance.active_take_index();
-        self.old_takes = instance.takes.clone();
-        self.old_active_take = instance.active_take;
-
-        let kept = instance.takes.remove(keep);
-        instance.takes.clear();
-        instance.takes.push(kept);
-        instance.active_take = Some(0);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn rollback(&mut self, document: &mut Document) -> Result<(), String> {
-        let instance = instance_mut(document, &self.layer_id, &self.instance_id)?;
-        instance.takes = std::mem::take(&mut self.old_takes);
-        instance.active_take = self.old_active_take;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn description(&self) -> String {
-        "Delete unused takes".to_string()
-    }
-
-    // The take that plays doesn't change, so the backend clip is already correct.
-}
-
-/// Rename a take. Document-only — which take *plays* doesn't change, so the backend is untouched.
-pub struct RenameTakeAction {
-    layer_id: Uuid,
-    instance_id: Uuid,
-    take_index: usize,
-    new_name: String,
-    old_name: String,
-}
-
-impl RenameTakeAction {
-    pub fn new(layer_id: Uuid, instance_id: Uuid, take_index: usize, new_name: String) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            layer_id,
-            instance_id,
-            take_index,
-            new_name,
-            old_name: String::new(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Action for RenameTakeAction {
-    fn execute(&mut self, document: &mut Document) -> Result<(), String> {
-        let instance = instance_mut(document, &self.layer_id, &self.instance_id)?;
-        let take = instance
-            .takes
-            .get_mut(self.take_index)
-            .ok_or_else(|| format!("Take {} does not exist", self.take_index + 1))?;
-        self.old_name = std::mem::replace(&mut take.name, self.new_name.clone());
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn rollback(&mut self, document: &mut Document) -> Result<(), String> {
-        let instance = instance_mut(document, &self.layer_id, &self.instance_id)?;
-        if let Some(take) = instance.takes.get_mut(self.take_index) {
-            take.name = self.old_name.clone();
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn description(&self) -> String {
-        format!("Rename take to \"{}\"", self.new_name)
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-    use crate::clip::TakeContent;
-    use crate::layer::AudioLayer;
-
-    /// A document with one audio layer holding one instance with 4 takes (pools 10..13).
-    fn doc_with_takes() -> (Document, Uuid, Uuid) {
-        let mut document = Document::new("Test");
-        let clip = crate::clip::AudioClip::new_sampled("Cycle rec", 10, 2.0);
-        let clip_id = document.add_audio_clip(clip);
-
-        let mut instance = ClipInstance::new(clip_id);
-        instance.takes = (10..14)
-            .map(|pool| AudioTake {
-                name: format!("Take {}", pool - 9),
-                content: TakeContent::Audio { audio_pool_index: pool },
-            })
-            .collect();
-        let instance_id = instance.id;
-
-        let mut layer = AudioLayer::new("Layer");
-        layer.clip_instances.push(instance);
-        let layer_id = document.root.add_child(AnyLayer::Audio(layer));
-        (document, layer_id, instance_id)
-    }
-
-    fn takes_of(document: &Document, layer_id: &Uuid, instance_id: &Uuid) -> ClipInstance {
-        let AnyLayer::Audio(al) = document.get_layer(layer_id).unwrap() else { panic!() };
-        al.clip_instances.iter().find(|ci| ci.id == *instance_id).unwrap().clone()
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn deleting_a_take_below_the_active_one_shifts_the_selection_down() {
-        // Everything above the removed take shifts down one, so a selection above it has to move
-        // with it — otherwise the instance silently starts playing a different take.
-        let (mut document, layer_id, instance_id) = doc_with_takes();
-        {
-            let AnyLayer::Audio(al) = document.get_layer_mut(&layer_id).unwrap() else { panic!() };
-            al.clip_instances[0].active_take = Some(3); // playing pool 13
-        }
-
-        DeleteTakeAction::new(layer_id, instance_id, 1)
-            .execute(&mut document)
-            .expect("delete");
-
-        let inst = takes_of(&document, &layer_id, &instance_id);
-        assert_eq!(inst.takes.len(), 3);
-        assert_eq!(inst.active_take, Some(2), "index shifted down with the take");
-        assert_eq!(
-            inst.takes[inst.active_take_index()].content,
-            TakeContent::Audio { audio_pool_index: 13 },
-            "still playing the same take it was",
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn deleting_the_active_take_lands_on_its_replacement() {
-        // Deleting what you're listening to should hand you the take that took its place, not
-        // silently jump you back to take 1.
-        let (mut document, layer_id, instance_id) = doc_with_takes();
-        {
-            let AnyLayer::Audio(al) = document.get_layer_mut(&layer_id).unwrap() else { panic!() };
-            al.clip_instances[0].active_take = Some(1); // playing pool 11
-        }
-
-        DeleteTakeAction::new(layer_id, instance_id, 1)
-            .execute(&mut document)
-            .expect("delete");
-
-        let inst = takes_of(&document, &layer_id, &instance_id);
-        assert_eq!(inst.active_take, Some(1));
-        assert_eq!(
-            inst.takes[1].content,
-            TakeContent::Audio { audio_pool_index: 12 },
-            "the take that slid into the deleted one's place",
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn deleting_the_last_take_in_the_list_steps_back() {
-        let (mut document, layer_id, instance_id) = doc_with_takes();
-        {
-            let AnyLayer::Audio(al) = document.get_layer_mut(&layer_id).unwrap() else { panic!() };
-            al.clip_instances[0].active_take = Some(3);
-        }
-
-        DeleteTakeAction::new(layer_id, instance_id, 3)
-            .execute(&mut document)
-            .expect("delete");
-
-        let inst = takes_of(&document, &layer_id, &instance_id);
-        assert_eq!(inst.active_take, Some(2), "there is no take 4 to land on");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn the_only_take_cannot_be_deleted() {
-        let (mut document, layer_id, instance_id) = doc_with_takes();
-        {
-            let AnyLayer::Audio(al) = document.get_layer_mut(&layer_id).unwrap() else { panic!() };
-            al.clip_instances[0].takes.truncate(1);
-        }
-        assert!(DeleteTakeAction::new(layer_id, instance_id, 0)
-            .execute(&mut document)
-            .is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn undoing_a_delete_puts_the_take_back_where_it_was() {
-        let (mut document, layer_id, instance_id) = doc_with_takes();
-        {
-            let AnyLayer::Audio(al) = document.get_layer_mut(&layer_id).unwrap() else { panic!() };
-            al.clip_instances[0].active_take = Some(2);
-        }
-
-        let mut action = DeleteTakeAction::new(layer_id, instance_id, 1);
-        action.execute(&mut document).expect("delete");
-        action.rollback(&mut document).expect("undo");
-
-        let inst = takes_of(&document, &layer_id, &instance_id);
-        assert_eq!(inst.takes.len(), 4);
-        assert_eq!(
-            inst.takes[1].content,
-            TakeContent::Audio { audio_pool_index: 11 },
-            "restored at its original index",
-        );
-        assert_eq!(inst.active_take, Some(2), "and the selection with it");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn deleting_unused_takes_keeps_the_one_thats_playing() {
-        let (mut document, layer_id, instance_id) = doc_with_takes();
-        {
-            let AnyLayer::Audio(al) = document.get_layer_mut(&layer_id).unwrap() else { panic!() };
-            al.clip_instances[0].active_take = Some(2); // pool 12 — the keeper
-        }
-
-        let mut action = DeleteUnusedTakesAction::new(layer_id, instance_id);
-        action.execute(&mut document).expect("prune");
-
-        let inst = takes_of(&document, &layer_id, &instance_id);
-        assert_eq!(inst.takes.len(), 1);
-        assert_eq!(inst.active_take, Some(0));
-        assert_eq!(
-            inst.takes[0].content,
-            TakeContent::Audio { audio_pool_index: 12 },
-            "the take that was playing survives, and nothing else",
-        );
-
-        action.rollback(&mut document).expect("undo");
-        let inst = takes_of(&document, &layer_id, &instance_id);
-        assert_eq!(inst.takes.len(), 4);
-        assert_eq!(inst.active_take, Some(2), "back to what was playing before");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn renaming_a_take_round_trips() {
-        let (mut document, layer_id, instance_id) = doc_with_takes();
-        let mut action =
-            RenameTakeAction::new(layer_id, instance_id, 2, "The good one".to_string());
-
-        action.execute(&mut document).expect("rename");
-        assert_eq!(takes_of(&document, &layer_id, &instance_id).takes[2].name, "The good one");
-
-        action.rollback(&mut document).expect("undo");
-        assert_eq!(takes_of(&document, &layer_id, &instance_id).takes[2].name, "Take 3");
-    }
-}

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/actions/mod.rs

@@ -14,10 +14,6 @@ pub mod move_clip_instances;
 pub mod reorder_clip_instances;
 pub mod paint_bucket;
 pub mod remove_effect;
-pub mod set_cycle_region;
-pub mod append_takes;
-pub mod manage_takes;
-pub mod set_active_take;
 pub mod set_document_properties;
 pub mod set_instance_properties;
 pub mod set_layer_properties;
@@ -54,10 +50,6 @@ pub mod set_text_content;
 pub mod resize_text_box;
 
 pub use add_clip_instance::AddClipInstanceAction;
-pub use set_cycle_region::SetCycleRegionAction;
-pub use append_takes::AppendTakesAction;
-pub use manage_takes::{DeleteTakeAction, DeleteUnusedTakesAction, RenameTakeAction};
-pub use set_active_take::SetActiveTakeAction;
 pub use add_effect::AddEffectAction;
 pub use add_layer::AddLayerAction;
 pub use add_shape::AddShapeAction;

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/actions/move_clip_instances.rs

@@ -6,15 +6,13 @@ use crate::action::Action;
 use crate::clip::ClipInstance;
 use crate::document::Document;
 use crate::layer::AnyLayer;
-use daw_backend::Beats;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use uuid::Uuid;
 
 /// Action that moves clip instances to new timeline positions
 pub struct MoveClipInstancesAction {
-    /// Map of layer IDs to vectors of (clip_instance_id, old_timeline_start, new_timeline_start).
-    /// Timeline positions are in beats.
-    layer_moves: HashMap<Uuid, Vec<(Uuid, Beats, Beats)>>,
+    /// Map of layer IDs to vectors of (clip_instance_id, old_timeline_start, new_timeline_start)
+    layer_moves: HashMap<Uuid, Vec<(Uuid, f64, f64)>>,
 }
 
 impl MoveClipInstancesAction {
@@ -22,8 +20,8 @@ impl MoveClipInstancesAction {
     ///
     /// # Arguments
     ///
-    /// * `layer_moves` - Map of layer IDs to vectors of (clip_instance_id, old_timeline_start, new_timeline_start) in beats
-    pub fn new(layer_moves: HashMap<Uuid, Vec<(Uuid, Beats, Beats)>>) -> Self {
+    /// * `layer_moves` - Map of layer IDs to vectors of (clip_instance_id, old_timeline_start, new_timeline_start)
+    pub fn new(layer_moves: HashMap<Uuid, Vec<(Uuid, f64, f64)>>) -> Self {
         Self { layer_moves }
     }
 }
@@ -44,7 +42,7 @@ impl Action for MoveClipInstancesAction {
 
                 // Check if this instance is in a group
                 if let Some(group) = document.find_group_for_instance(instance_id) {
-                    let offset = *new_start - *old_start;
+                    let offset = new_start - old_start;
 
                     // Add all group members to the move list
                     for (member_layer_id, member_instance_id) in group.get_members() {
@@ -79,7 +77,7 @@ impl Action for MoveClipInstancesAction {
         }
 
         // Auto-adjust moves to avoid overlaps
-        let mut adjusted_moves: HashMap<Uuid, Vec<(Uuid, Beats, Beats)>> = HashMap::new();
+        let mut adjusted_moves: HashMap<Uuid, Vec<(Uuid, f64, f64)>> = HashMap::new();
 
         for (layer_id, moves) in &expanded_moves {
             let layer = document.get_layer(layer_id)
@@ -103,10 +101,10 @@ impl Action for MoveClipInstancesAction {
                 AnyLayer::Text(_) => &[],
             };
 
-            let group: Vec<(Uuid, Beats, Beats)> = moves.iter().filter_map(|(id, old_start, _)| {
+            let group: Vec<(Uuid, f64, f64)> = moves.iter().filter_map(|(id, old_start, _)| {
                 let inst = clip_instances.iter().find(|ci| &ci.id == id)?;
-                let dur = document.clip_trim_duration(&inst.clip_id)?;
-                let eff = inst.effective_duration_beats(dur, document.tempo_map());
+                let dur = document.get_clip_duration(&inst.clip_id)?;
+                let eff = inst.trim_end.unwrap_or(dur) - inst.trim_start;
                 Some((*id, *old_start, eff))
             }).collect();
 
@@ -114,7 +112,7 @@ impl Action for MoveClipInstancesAction {
             let clamped = document.clamp_group_move_offset(layer_id, &group, desired_offset);
 
             for (instance_id, old_start, _) in moves {
-                adjusted_layer_moves.push((*instance_id, *old_start, (*old_start + clamped).max(Beats::ZERO)));
+                adjusted_layer_moves.push((*instance_id, *old_start, (*old_start + clamped).max(0.0)));
             }
 
             adjusted_moves.insert(*layer_id, adjusted_layer_moves);
@@ -190,7 +188,7 @@ impl Action for MoveClipInstancesAction {
 
     fn execute_backend(&mut self, backend: &mut crate::action::BackendContext, document: &Document) -> Result<(), String> {
         use crate::layer::AnyLayer;
-        use crate::clip::ResolvedContent;
+        use crate::clip::AudioClipType;
 
         // Get audio controller
         let controller = match backend.audio_controller.as_mut() {
@@ -210,10 +208,9 @@ impl Action for MoveClipInstancesAction {
                     if let Some(instance) = vl.clip_instances.iter().find(|ci| ci.id == *instance_id) {
                         // Check if this clip has a metatrack
                         if let Some(&metatrack_id) = backend.layer_to_track_map.get(&instance.clip_id) {
-                            controller.set_offset(metatrack_id, document.tempo_map().beats_to_seconds(*new_start));
-                            // A vector clip's content is wall-clock, so its content times ARE seconds.
-                            controller.set_trim_start(metatrack_id, daw_backend::Seconds(instance.trim_start.raw()));
-                            controller.set_trim_end(metatrack_id, instance.trim_end.map(|t| daw_backend::Seconds(t.raw())));
+                            controller.set_offset(metatrack_id, *new_start);
+                            controller.set_trim_start(metatrack_id, instance.trim_start);
+                            controller.set_trim_end(metatrack_id, instance.trim_end);
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -247,12 +244,12 @@ impl Action for MoveClipInstancesAction {
                     .ok_or_else(|| format!("Audio clip {} not found", instance.clip_id))?;
 
                 // Handle move based on clip type
-                match &instance.resolve(clip) {
-                    ResolvedContent::Midi { midi_clip_id } => {
+                match &clip.clip_type {
+                    AudioClipType::Midi { midi_clip_id } => {
                         // For MIDI: move_clip expects the pool clip ID
                         controller.move_clip(*track_id, *midi_clip_id, *new_start);
                     }
-                    ResolvedContent::Audio { .. } => {
+                    AudioClipType::Sampled { .. } => {
                         // For sampled audio: move_clip expects the instance ID
                         let backend_instance_id = backend.clip_instance_to_backend_map.get(instance_id)
                             .ok_or_else(|| format!("Clip instance {} not mapped to backend", instance_id))?;
@@ -264,7 +261,7 @@ impl Action for MoveClipInstancesAction {
                             _ => return Err("Expected audio instance ID for sampled clip".to_string()),
                         }
                     }
-                    ResolvedContent::Recording => {
+                    AudioClipType::Recording => {
                         // Recording clips cannot be moved - skip
                     }
                 }
@@ -276,7 +273,7 @@ impl Action for MoveClipInstancesAction {
 
     fn rollback_backend(&mut self, backend: &mut crate::action::BackendContext, document: &Document) -> Result<(), String> {
         use crate::layer::AnyLayer;
-        use crate::clip::ResolvedContent;
+        use crate::clip::AudioClipType;
 
         // Get audio controller
         let controller = match backend.audio_controller.as_mut() {
@@ -295,10 +292,9 @@ impl Action for MoveClipInstancesAction {
                 for (instance_id, old_start, _new_start) in moves {
                     if let Some(instance) = vl.clip_instances.iter().find(|ci| ci.id == *instance_id) {
                         if let Some(&metatrack_id) = backend.layer_to_track_map.get(&instance.clip_id) {
-                            controller.set_offset(metatrack_id, document.tempo_map().beats_to_seconds(*old_start));
-                            // A vector clip's content is wall-clock, so its content times ARE seconds.
-                            controller.set_trim_start(metatrack_id, daw_backend::Seconds(instance.trim_start.raw()));
-                            controller.set_trim_end(metatrack_id, instance.trim_end.map(|t| daw_backend::Seconds(t.raw())));
+                            controller.set_offset(metatrack_id, *old_start);
+                            controller.set_trim_start(metatrack_id, instance.trim_start);
+                            controller.set_trim_end(metatrack_id, instance.trim_end);
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -332,12 +328,12 @@ impl Action for MoveClipInstancesAction {
                     .ok_or_else(|| format!("Audio clip {} not found", instance.clip_id))?;
 
                 // Handle move based on clip type (restore old position)
-                match &instance.resolve(clip) {
-                    ResolvedContent::Midi { midi_clip_id } => {
+                match &clip.clip_type {
+                    AudioClipType::Midi { midi_clip_id } => {
                         // For MIDI: move_clip expects the pool clip ID
                         controller.move_clip(*track_id, *midi_clip_id, *old_start);
                     }
-                    ResolvedContent::Audio { .. } => {
+                    AudioClipType::Sampled { .. } => {
                         // For sampled audio: move_clip expects the instance ID
                         let backend_instance_id = backend.clip_instance_to_backend_map.get(instance_id)
                             .ok_or_else(|| format!("Clip instance {} not mapped to backend", instance_id))?;
@@ -349,7 +345,7 @@ impl Action for MoveClipInstancesAction {
                             _ => return Err("Expected audio instance ID for sampled clip".to_string()),
                         }
                     }
-                    ResolvedContent::Recording => {
+                    AudioClipType::Recording => {
                         // Recording clips cannot be moved - skip
                     }
                 }
@@ -377,15 +373,15 @@ mod tests {
         let mut vector_layer = VectorLayer::new("Layer 1");
 
         let mut clip_instance = ClipInstance::new(clip_id);
-        clip_instance.timeline_start = Beats(1.0); // Start at beat 1
+        clip_instance.timeline_start = 1.0; // Start at 1 second
         let instance_id = clip_instance.id;
         vector_layer.clip_instances.push(clip_instance);
 
         let layer_id = document.root.add_child(AnyLayer::Vector(vector_layer));
 
-        // Create move action: move from beat 1 to beat 5
+        // Create move action: move from 1.0 to 5.0 seconds
         let mut layer_moves = HashMap::new();
-        layer_moves.insert(layer_id, vec![(instance_id, Beats(1.0), Beats(5.0))]);
+        layer_moves.insert(layer_id, vec![(instance_id, 1.0, 5.0)]);
 
         let mut action = MoveClipInstancesAction::new(layer_moves);
 
@@ -399,7 +395,7 @@ mod tests {
                 .iter()
                 .find(|ci| ci.id == instance_id)
                 .unwrap();
-            assert_eq!(instance.timeline_start, Beats(5.0));
+            assert_eq!(instance.timeline_start, 5.0);
         }
 
         // Rollback
@@ -412,7 +408,7 @@ mod tests {
                 .iter()
                 .find(|ci| ci.id == instance_id)
                 .unwrap();
-            assert_eq!(instance.timeline_start, Beats(1.0));
+            assert_eq!(instance.timeline_start, 1.0);
         }
     }
 }

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/actions/remove_clip_instances.rs

@@ -138,23 +138,85 @@ impl Action for RemoveClipInstancesAction {
         backend: &mut BackendContext,
         document: &Document,
     ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        if backend.audio_controller.is_none() {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
+        use crate::clip::AudioClipType;
 
-        // Re-add the clips that were removed. `BackendContext::add_clip_instance` is the same
-        // helper the add and split actions use, so the trim/duration conversions (and take-folder
-        // resolution) stay in exactly one place instead of being copied into every action that has
-        // to put a clip back.
-        let saved = std::mem::take(&mut self.saved);
-        for (layer_id, instance) in &saved {
-            if !matches!(document.get_layer(layer_id), Some(AnyLayer::Audio(_))) {
+        let controller = match backend.audio_controller.as_mut() {
+            Some(c) => c,
+            None => return Ok(()),
+        };
+
+        // Re-add clips that were removed from backend
+        for (layer_id, instance) in &self.saved {
+            let layer = match document.get_layer(layer_id) {
+                Some(l) => l,
+                None => continue,
+            };
+            if !matches!(layer, AnyLayer::Audio(_)) {
                 continue;
             }
-            // A missing track/clip just means there's nothing to restore on the backend.
-            let _ = backend.add_clip_instance(document, layer_id, instance);
+
+            let track_id = match backend.layer_to_track_map.get(layer_id) {
+                Some(id) => *id,
+                None => continue,
+            };
+
+            let clip = match document.get_audio_clip(&instance.clip_id) {
+                Some(c) => c,
+                None => continue,
+            };
+
+            match &clip.clip_type {
+                AudioClipType::Midi { midi_clip_id } => {
+                    use daw_backend::command::{Query, QueryResponse};
+
+                    let internal_start = instance.trim_start;
+                    let internal_end = instance.trim_end.unwrap_or(clip.duration);
+                    let external_start = instance.timeline_start;
+                    let external_duration = instance
+                        .timeline_duration
+                        .unwrap_or(internal_end - internal_start);
+
+                    let midi_instance = daw_backend::MidiClipInstance::new(
+                        0,
+                        *midi_clip_id,
+                        daw_backend::Beats(internal_start),
+                        daw_backend::Beats(internal_end),
+                        daw_backend::Beats(external_start),
+                        daw_backend::Beats(external_duration),
+                    );
+
+                    let query = Query::AddMidiClipInstanceSync(track_id, midi_instance);
+                    if let Ok(QueryResponse::MidiClipInstanceAdded(Ok(new_id))) =
+                        controller.send_query(query)
+                    {
+                        backend.clip_instance_to_backend_map.insert(
+                            instance.id,
+                            BackendClipInstanceId::Midi(new_id),
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+                AudioClipType::Sampled { audio_pool_index } => {
+                    let internal_start = instance.trim_start;
+                    let internal_end = instance.trim_end.unwrap_or(clip.duration);
+                    let effective_duration = instance.timeline_duration
+                        .unwrap_or(internal_end - internal_start);
+                    let start_time = instance.timeline_start;
+
+                    let new_id = controller.add_audio_clip(
+                        track_id,
+                        *audio_pool_index,
+                        start_time,
+                        effective_duration,
+                        internal_start,
+                    );
+                    backend.clip_instance_to_backend_map.insert(
+                        instance.id,
+                        BackendClipInstanceId::Audio(new_id),
+                    );
+                }
+                AudioClipType::Recording => {}
+            }
         }
-        self.saved = saved;
 
         // Clear saved backend IDs
         self.saved_backend_ids.clear();
@@ -176,11 +238,11 @@ mod tests {
         let mut vector_layer = VectorLayer::new("Layer 1");
 
         let mut ci1 = ClipInstance::new(clip_id);
-        ci1.timeline_start = daw_backend::Beats::ZERO;
+        ci1.timeline_start = 0.0;
         let id1 = ci1.id;
 
         let mut ci2 = ClipInstance::new(clip_id);
-        ci2.timeline_start = daw_backend::Beats(5.0);
+        ci2.timeline_start = 5.0;
         let id2 = ci2.id;
 
         vector_layer.clip_instances.push(ci1);

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/actions/remove_effect.rs

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ mod tests {
         let (mut document, layer_id, def) = create_test_setup();
 
         // Add an effect first
-        let instance = def.create_instance(daw_backend::Beats(0.0), daw_backend::Beats(10.0));
+        let instance = def.create_instance(0.0, 10.0);
         let instance_id = instance.id;
 
         if let Some(AnyLayer::Effect(el)) = document.get_layer_mut(&layer_id) {
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ mod tests {
         let (mut document, layer_id, def) = create_test_setup();
 
         // Add an effect first
-        let instance = def.create_instance(daw_backend::Beats(0.0), daw_backend::Beats(10.0));
+        let instance = def.create_instance(0.0, 10.0);
         let instance_id = instance.id;
 
         if let Some(AnyLayer::Effect(el)) = document.get_layer_mut(&layer_id) {
@@ -185,11 +185,11 @@ mod tests {
         let (mut document, layer_id, def) = create_test_setup();
 
         // Add three effects
-        let instance1 = def.create_instance(daw_backend::Beats(0.0), daw_backend::Beats(10.0));
+        let instance1 = def.create_instance(0.0, 10.0);
         let id1 = instance1.id;
-        let instance2 = def.create_instance(daw_backend::Beats(0.0), daw_backend::Beats(10.0));
+        let instance2 = def.create_instance(0.0, 10.0);
         let id2 = instance2.id;
-        let instance3 = def.create_instance(daw_backend::Beats(0.0), daw_backend::Beats(10.0));
+        let instance3 = def.create_instance(0.0, 10.0);
         let id3 = instance3.id;
 
         if let Some(AnyLayer::Effect(el)) = document.get_layer_mut(&layer_id) {

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/actions/set_active_take.rs

@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-//! Choose which take of a take-folder clip an instance plays.
-//!
-//! The take list lives on the *clip* but the selection lives on the *instance*, so two instances of
-//! the same folder can play different takes. Splitting a take-folder instance clones it, which is
-//! what makes comping work: set take 1 on the left half and take 3 on the right, and you've comped.
-//!
-//! There's no in-place pool-swap command in the backend, so switching a take means removing the
-//! instance's backend clip and re-adding it against the new take's audio/MIDI resource. Both halves
-//! of that go through `BackendContext`, which is also what `AddClipInstanceAction` uses.
-
-use crate::action::{Action, BackendClipInstanceId, BackendContext};
-use crate::document::Document;
-use crate::layer::AnyLayer;
-use uuid::Uuid;
-
-/// Action that points a clip instance at a different take of its take folder.
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct SetActiveTakeAction {
-    layer_id: Uuid,
-    instance_id: Uuid,
-    new_take: Option<usize>,
-    old_take: Option<usize>,
-    /// The backend track/clip the instance was on before we swapped, so rollback can undo it.
-    backend_track_id: Option<daw_backend::TrackId>,
-}
-
-impl SetActiveTakeAction {
-    pub fn new(layer_id: Uuid, instance_id: Uuid, new_take: usize, old_take: Option<usize>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            layer_id,
-            instance_id,
-            new_take: Some(new_take),
-            old_take,
-            backend_track_id: None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Point the instance at `take`, mutating the document. Shared by execute and rollback.
-    fn apply(&self, document: &mut Document, take: Option<usize>) -> Result<(), String> {
-        let layer = document
-            .get_layer_mut(&self.layer_id)
-            .ok_or_else(|| format!("Layer {} not found", self.layer_id))?;
-        let AnyLayer::Audio(audio_layer) = layer else {
-            return Err("Take folders only exist on audio layers".to_string());
-        };
-        let instance = audio_layer
-            .clip_instances
-            .iter_mut()
-            .find(|ci| ci.id == self.instance_id)
-            .ok_or_else(|| format!("Clip instance {} not found", self.instance_id))?;
-        instance.active_take = take;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Swap the instance's backend clip to whatever take the document now says is active.
-    ///
-    /// Called after the document has already been mutated, so re-adding just re-resolves the
-    /// instance — `BackendContext::add_clip_instance` reads `active_take` itself.
-    fn resync(&mut self, backend: &mut BackendContext, document: &Document) -> Result<(), String> {
-        let instance = document
-            .get_layer(&self.layer_id)
-            .and_then(|l| match l {
-                AnyLayer::Audio(al) => al.clip_instances.iter().find(|ci| ci.id == self.instance_id),
-                _ => None,
-            })
-            .cloned()
-            .ok_or_else(|| format!("Clip instance {} not found", self.instance_id))?;
-
-        // Drop the old backend clip first. Its track comes from the map we're about to overwrite,
-        // so read it before add_clip_instance replaces the entry.
-        let existing: Option<BackendClipInstanceId> = backend
-            .clip_instance_to_backend_map
-            .get(&self.instance_id)
-            .copied();
-        let track_id = backend.layer_to_track_map.get(&self.layer_id).copied();
-        if let (Some(backend_id), Some(track_id)) = (existing, track_id) {
-            backend.remove_clip_instance(track_id, backend_id, self.instance_id);
-        }
-
-        let added = backend.add_clip_instance(document, &self.layer_id, &instance)?;
-        self.backend_track_id = added.map(|(track_id, _)| track_id);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl Action for SetActiveTakeAction {
-    fn execute(&mut self, document: &mut Document) -> Result<(), String> {
-        self.apply(document, self.new_take)
-    }
-
-    fn rollback(&mut self, document: &mut Document) -> Result<(), String> {
-        self.apply(document, self.old_take)
-    }
-
-    fn description(&self) -> String {
-        match self.new_take {
-            Some(i) => format!("Select take {}", i + 1),
-            None => "Select take".to_string(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn execute_backend(
-        &mut self,
-        backend: &mut BackendContext,
-        document: &Document,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        self.resync(backend, document)
-    }
-
-    fn rollback_backend(
-        &mut self,
-        backend: &mut BackendContext,
-        document: &Document,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        self.resync(backend, document)
-    }
-}

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/actions/set_cycle_region.rs

@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-//! Set the transport cycle (loop) region.
-//!
-//! The cycle region is document state (it's saved in the `.beam`), so changing it goes through the
-//! action system like any other edit: it's undoable and it marks the document modified.
-//!
-//! The region is stored in **beats** so it stays put musically across tempo changes. Callers commit
-//! one action per gesture (e.g. on drag release, or a toggle click) rather than one per frame —
-//! the timeline previews the drag from its own local state, exactly like a clip drag does.
-
-use crate::action::{Action, BackendContext};
-use crate::document::Document;
-use daw_backend::Beats;
-
-/// Action that sets the cycle region and/or whether the transport loops over it.
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct SetCycleRegionAction {
-    old_region: Option<(Beats, Beats)>,
-    old_enabled: bool,
-    new_region: Option<(Beats, Beats)>,
-    new_enabled: bool,
-}
-
-impl SetCycleRegionAction {
-    /// Build from the document's current state and the desired new region/enabled flag.
-    pub fn new(
-        document: &Document,
-        new_region: Option<(Beats, Beats)>,
-        new_enabled: bool,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            old_region: document.cycle_region,
-            old_enabled: document.cycle_enabled,
-            new_region,
-            new_enabled,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Toggle looping on/off, leaving the region itself alone.
-    pub fn toggle_enabled(document: &Document) -> Self {
-        Self::new(document, document.cycle_region, !document.cycle_enabled)
-    }
-
-    /// True if this action would not actually change anything (lets callers skip a no-op undo entry).
-    pub fn is_noop(&self) -> bool {
-        self.old_region == self.new_region && self.old_enabled == self.new_enabled
-    }
-}
-
-impl Action for SetCycleRegionAction {
-    fn execute(&mut self, document: &mut Document) -> Result<(), String> {
-        document.cycle_region = self.new_region;
-        document.cycle_enabled = self.new_enabled;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn rollback(&mut self, document: &mut Document) -> Result<(), String> {
-        document.cycle_region = self.old_region;
-        document.cycle_enabled = self.old_enabled;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn description(&self) -> String {
-        "Set cycle region".to_string()
-    }
-
-    fn execute_backend(
-        &mut self,
-        backend: &mut BackendContext,
-        _document: &Document,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        let controller = match backend.audio_controller.as_mut() {
-            Some(c) => c,
-            None => return Ok(()),
-        };
-        controller.set_loop_region(self.new_region);
-        controller.set_loop_enabled(self.new_enabled);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn rollback_backend(
-        &mut self,
-        backend: &mut BackendContext,
-        _document: &Document,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        let controller = match backend.audio_controller.as_mut() {
-            Some(c) => c,
-            None => return Ok(()),
-        };
-        controller.set_loop_region(self.old_region);
-        controller.set_loop_enabled(self.old_enabled);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/actions/set_keyframe.rs

@@ -81,11 +81,9 @@ impl Action for SetKeyframeAction {
         if let Some(AnyLayer::Vector(vl)) = document.get_layer(&self.layer_id) {
             for clip_id in &self.clip_instance_ids {
                 if let Some(ci) = vl.clip_instances.iter().find(|c| c.id == *clip_id) {
-                    // `start` is a keyframe time in seconds; group_visibility_start returns seconds,
-                    // so the fallback must convert the clip's beats start to seconds too.
                     let start = vl
                         .group_visibility_start(clip_id, self.time)
-                        .unwrap_or_else(|| document.tempo_map().beats_to_seconds(ci.timeline_start).seconds_to_f64());
+                        .unwrap_or(ci.timeline_start);
                     clip_info.insert(*clip_id, (ci.transform.clone(), ci.opacity, start));
                 }
             }

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/actions/split_clip_instance.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ use crate::action::{Action, BackendContext};
 use crate::clip::ClipInstance;
 use crate::document::Document;
 use crate::layer::AnyLayer;
-use daw_backend::ContentTime;
 use uuid::Uuid;
 
 /// Action that splits a clip instance at a specific timeline position
@@ -18,17 +17,17 @@ pub struct SplitClipInstanceAction {
     /// The clip instance to split
     instance_id: Uuid,
 
-    /// Timeline position where to split (in beats)
-    split_time: daw_backend::Beats,
+    /// Timeline time where to split (in seconds)
+    split_time: f64,
 
     /// Whether the action has been executed (for rollback)
     executed: bool,
 
     // Stored during execute for rollback
     /// Original trim_end value of the left (original) instance
-    original_trim_end: Option<ContentTime>,
-    /// Original timeline_duration value of the left (original) instance (beats)
-    original_timeline_duration: Option<daw_backend::Beats>,
+    original_trim_end: Option<f64>,
+    /// Original timeline_duration value of the left (original) instance
+    original_timeline_duration: Option<f64>,
     /// ID of the new (right) instance created by the split
     new_instance_id: Option<Uuid>,
 
@@ -48,8 +47,8 @@ impl SplitClipInstanceAction {
     ///
     /// * `layer_id` - The ID of the layer containing the clip instance
     /// * `instance_id` - The ID of the clip instance to split
-    /// * `split_time` - The timeline position (in beats) where to split
-    pub fn new(layer_id: Uuid, instance_id: Uuid, split_time: daw_backend::Beats) -> Self {
+    /// * `split_time` - The timeline time (in seconds) where to split
+    pub fn new(layer_id: Uuid, instance_id: Uuid, split_time: f64) -> Self {
         Self {
             layer_id,
             instance_id,
@@ -73,9 +72,9 @@ impl SplitClipInstanceAction {
     ///
     /// * `layer_id` - The ID of the layer containing the clip instance
     /// * `instance_id` - The ID of the clip instance to split
-    /// * `split_time` - The timeline position (in beats) where to split
+    /// * `split_time` - The timeline time (in seconds) where to split
     /// * `new_instance_id` - The UUID to use for the new (right) clip instance
-    pub fn with_new_instance_id(layer_id: Uuid, instance_id: Uuid, split_time: daw_backend::Beats, new_instance_id: Uuid) -> Self {
+    pub fn with_new_instance_id(layer_id: Uuid, instance_id: Uuid, split_time: f64, new_instance_id: Uuid) -> Self {
         Self {
             layer_id,
             instance_id,
@@ -123,21 +122,19 @@ impl Action for SplitClipInstanceAction {
             .find(|ci| ci.id == self.instance_id)
             .ok_or_else(|| format!("Clip instance {} not found", self.instance_id))?;
 
-        // The clip's content duration in its OWN domain — seconds for audio/video/vector, beats for
-        // MIDI. All the content math below is trim-domain, so it has to be done in whichever domain
-        // this clip uses; a seconds duration would silently be added to a MIDI clip's beats trim.
-        let trim_duration = document
-            .clip_trim_duration(&instance.clip_id)
+        // Get the clip's duration
+        let clip_duration = document
+            .get_clip_duration(&instance.clip_id)
             .ok_or_else(|| format!("Clip {} not found", instance.clip_id))?;
 
         // Calculate the effective duration and timeline end (both in beats)
-        let effective_duration = instance.effective_duration(trim_duration, document.tempo_map());
+        let effective_duration = instance.effective_duration(clip_duration, document.tempo_map());
         let timeline_end = instance.timeline_start + effective_duration;
 
         // Validate: split_time must be strictly within the clip's timeline span
-        let epsilon = daw_backend::Beats(0.001); // ~1ms tolerance
-        if self.split_time <= instance.timeline_start + epsilon
-            || self.split_time >= timeline_end - epsilon
+        const EPSILON: f64 = 0.001; // 1ms tolerance
+        if self.split_time <= instance.timeline_start + EPSILON
+            || self.split_time >= timeline_end - EPSILON
         {
             return Err(format!(
                 "Split time {} must be within clip bounds ({} to {})",
@@ -149,30 +146,21 @@ impl Action for SplitClipInstanceAction {
         self.original_trim_end = instance.trim_end;
         self.original_timeline_duration = instance.timeline_duration;
 
+        // Check if this is a looping clip
         let is_looping = instance.timeline_duration.is_some();
-        let content_duration = ContentTime(instance.content_window(trim_duration).native());
+        let content_duration = instance.trim_end.unwrap_or(clip_duration) - instance.trim_start;
 
-        // Timeline split point (beats).
+        // Calculate the split point
         let time_into_clip = self.split_time - instance.timeline_start;
         let left_duration = time_into_clip;
         let right_duration = effective_duration - left_duration;
 
-        // How far the split lands into the clip's *content*, expressed in the content domain: beats
-        // content takes the beats delta directly, wall-clock content takes the seconds delta.
-        let tempo_map = document.tempo_map();
-        let time_into_content = ContentTime(match trim_duration {
-            crate::clip::ClipDuration::Beats(_) => time_into_clip.beats_to_f64(),
-            crate::clip::ClipDuration::Seconds(_) => (tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(self.split_time)
-                - tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(instance.timeline_start))
-            .seconds_to_f64(),
-        });
-
-        // Calculate the content split point (content domain).
-        let content_split_time = if is_looping && content_duration > ContentTime::ZERO {
+        // Calculate content split time
+        let content_split_time = if is_looping {
             // For looping clips, wrap around content
-            instance.trim_start + (time_into_content % content_duration)
+            instance.trim_start + (time_into_clip % content_duration)
         } else {
-            instance.trim_start + time_into_content
+            instance.trim_start + time_into_clip
         };
 
         // Clone the instance for the right side
@@ -363,63 +351,112 @@ impl Action for SplitClipInstanceAction {
             .get_audio_clip(&new_instance.clip_id)
             .ok_or_else(|| "Audio clip not found".to_string())?;
 
-        use crate::clip::ResolvedContent;
-        if matches!(original_instance.resolve(clip), ResolvedContent::Recording) {
-            return Err("Cannot split a clip that is currently recording".to_string());
-        }
-
-        // A split is: shorten the left half's backend clip, then add the right half as a new one.
-        //
-        // 1. Trim the left (original) instance. `trim_range` tags the bounds with the clip's own
-        //    content domain, so a MIDI clip's beats trims can't be sent as seconds.
-        let left_trim = clip.trim_range(
-            original_instance.trim_start,
-            original_instance
-                .trim_end
-                .unwrap_or(ContentTime(clip.content_duration().native())),
-        );
-        let new_instance = new_instance.clone();
-
-        let backend_track_id = *backend
+        // Look up backend track ID from layer mapping
+        let backend_track_id = backend
             .layer_to_track_map
             .get(&self.layer_id)
             .ok_or_else(|| format!("Layer {} not mapped to backend track", self.layer_id))?;
-        let left_backend_id = backend
-            .clip_instance_to_backend_map
-            .get(&self.instance_id)
-            .copied();
 
-        {
-            let controller = backend
-                .audio_controller
-                .as_mut()
-                .ok_or_else(|| "Audio controller not available".to_string())?;
-            match left_backend_id {
-                Some(crate::action::BackendClipInstanceId::Midi(id))
-                | Some(crate::action::BackendClipInstanceId::Audio(id)) => {
-                    controller.trim_clip(backend_track_id, id, left_trim);
-                }
-                None => {}
-            }
-        }
+        // Get audio controller
+        let controller = backend
+            .audio_controller
+            .as_mut()
+            .ok_or_else(|| "Audio controller not available".to_string())?;
 
-        // 2. Add the right (new) instance via the shared helper — same one AddClipInstanceAction
-        //    uses, so the trim/duration conversions live in exactly one place.
-        if let Some((track_id, backend_id)) =
-            backend.add_clip_instance(document, &self.layer_id, &new_instance)?
-        {
-            self.backend_track_id = Some(track_id);
-            match backend_id {
-                crate::action::BackendClipInstanceId::Midi(id) => {
-                    self.backend_midi_instance_id = Some(id)
+        // Handle different clip types
+        use crate::clip::AudioClipType;
+        match &clip.clip_type {
+            AudioClipType::Midi { midi_clip_id } => {
+                use daw_backend::command::{Query, QueryResponse};
+
+                // 1. Trim the original (left) instance
+                let orig_internal_start = original_instance.trim_start;
+                let orig_internal_end = original_instance.trim_end.unwrap_or(clip.duration);
+
+                // Look up the original backend instance ID
+                if let Some(crate::action::BackendClipInstanceId::Midi(orig_backend_id)) =
+                    backend.clip_instance_to_backend_map.get(&self.instance_id)
+                {
+                    controller.trim_clip(*backend_track_id, *orig_backend_id, orig_internal_start, orig_internal_end);
                 }
-                crate::action::BackendClipInstanceId::Audio(id) => {
-                    self.backend_audio_instance_id = Some(id)
+
+                // 2. Add the new (right) instance
+                let internal_start = new_instance.trim_start;
+                let internal_end = new_instance.trim_end.unwrap_or(clip.duration);
+                let external_start = new_instance.timeline_start;
+                let external_duration = new_instance
+                    .timeline_duration
+                    .unwrap_or(internal_end - internal_start);
+
+                let instance = daw_backend::MidiClipInstance::new(
+                    0,
+                    *midi_clip_id,
+                    daw_backend::Beats(internal_start),
+                    daw_backend::Beats(internal_end),
+                    daw_backend::Beats(external_start),
+                    daw_backend::Beats(external_duration),
+                );
+
+                let query = Query::AddMidiClipInstanceSync(*backend_track_id, instance);
+
+                match controller.send_query(query)? {
+                    QueryResponse::MidiClipInstanceAdded(Ok(instance_id)) => {
+                        self.backend_track_id = Some(*backend_track_id);
+                        self.backend_midi_instance_id = Some(instance_id);
+
+                        backend.clip_instance_to_backend_map.insert(
+                            new_instance_id,
+                            crate::action::BackendClipInstanceId::Midi(instance_id),
+                        );
+
+                        Ok(())
+                    }
+                    QueryResponse::MidiClipInstanceAdded(Err(e)) => Err(e),
+                    _ => Err("Unexpected query response".to_string()),
                 }
             }
-        }
+            AudioClipType::Sampled { audio_pool_index } => {
+                // 1. Trim the original (left) instance
+                let orig_internal_start = original_instance.trim_start;
+                let orig_internal_end = original_instance.trim_end.unwrap_or(clip.duration);
 
-        Ok(())
+                // Look up the original backend instance ID
+                if let Some(crate::action::BackendClipInstanceId::Audio(orig_backend_id)) =
+                    backend.clip_instance_to_backend_map.get(&self.instance_id)
+                {
+                    controller.trim_clip(*backend_track_id, *orig_backend_id, orig_internal_start, orig_internal_end);
+                }
+
+                // 2. Add the new (right) instance
+                let internal_start = new_instance.trim_start;
+                let internal_end = new_instance.trim_end.unwrap_or(clip.duration);
+                let effective_duration = new_instance.timeline_duration
+                    .unwrap_or(internal_end - internal_start);
+                let start_time = new_instance.timeline_start;
+
+                let instance_id = controller.add_audio_clip(
+                    *backend_track_id,
+                    *audio_pool_index,
+                    start_time,
+                    effective_duration,
+                    internal_start,
+                );
+
+                self.backend_track_id = Some(*backend_track_id);
+                self.backend_audio_instance_id = Some(instance_id);
+
+                backend.clip_instance_to_backend_map.insert(
+                    new_instance_id,
+                    crate::action::BackendClipInstanceId::Audio(instance_id),
+                );
+
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            AudioClipType::Recording => {
+                // Recording clips cannot be split
+                Err("Cannot split a clip that is currently recording".to_string())
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     fn rollback_backend(
@@ -449,28 +486,26 @@ impl Action for SplitClipInstanceAction {
                     if let Some(instance) = al.clip_instances.iter().find(|ci| ci.id == self.instance_id) {
                         if let Some(clip) = document.get_audio_clip(&instance.clip_id) {
                             let orig_internal_start = instance.trim_start;
-                            let orig_internal_end = self
-                                .original_trim_end
-                                .unwrap_or(ContentTime(clip.content_duration().native()));
+                            let orig_internal_end = self.original_trim_end.unwrap_or(clip.duration);
 
                             // Restore based on clip type
-                            use crate::clip::ResolvedContent;
-                            match &instance.resolve(clip) {
-                                ResolvedContent::Midi { .. } => {
+                            use crate::clip::AudioClipType;
+                            match &clip.clip_type {
+                                AudioClipType::Midi { .. } => {
                                     if let Some(crate::action::BackendClipInstanceId::Midi(orig_backend_id)) =
                                         backend.clip_instance_to_backend_map.get(&self.instance_id)
                                     {
-                                        controller.trim_clip(track_id, *orig_backend_id, clip.trim_range(orig_internal_start, orig_internal_end));
+                                        controller.trim_clip(track_id, *orig_backend_id, orig_internal_start, orig_internal_end);
                                     }
                                 }
-                                ResolvedContent::Audio { .. } => {
+                                AudioClipType::Sampled { .. } => {
                                     if let Some(crate::action::BackendClipInstanceId::Audio(orig_backend_id)) =
                                         backend.clip_instance_to_backend_map.get(&self.instance_id)
                                     {
-                                        controller.trim_clip(track_id, *orig_backend_id, clip.trim_range(orig_internal_start, orig_internal_end));
+                                        controller.trim_clip(track_id, *orig_backend_id, orig_internal_start, orig_internal_end);
                                     }
                                 }
-                                ResolvedContent::Recording => {
+                                AudioClipType::Recording => {
                                     // Recording clips - nothing to rollback
                                 }
                             }
@@ -505,16 +540,16 @@ mod tests {
 
         // Create a clip instance at timeline 0, with trim 0-10 (10 seconds)
         let mut clip_instance = ClipInstance::new(clip_id);
-        clip_instance.timeline_start = daw_backend::Beats::ZERO;
-        clip_instance.trim_start = ContentTime::ZERO;
-        clip_instance.trim_end = Some(ContentTime(10.0));
+        clip_instance.timeline_start = 0.0;
+        clip_instance.trim_start = 0.0;
+        clip_instance.trim_end = Some(10.0);
         let instance_id = clip_instance.id;
         vector_layer.clip_instances.push(clip_instance);
 
         let layer_id = document.root.add_child(AnyLayer::Vector(vector_layer));
 
         // Split at timeline 5.0
-        let mut action = SplitClipInstanceAction::new(layer_id, instance_id, daw_backend::Beats(5.0));
+        let mut action = SplitClipInstanceAction::new(layer_id, instance_id, 5.0);
 
         // Execute - this will fail because we don't have a real clip in the document
         // In a real test, we'd need to add a VectorClip first
@@ -524,45 +559,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_split_action_description() {
-        let action = SplitClipInstanceAction::new(Uuid::new_v4(), Uuid::new_v4(), daw_backend::Beats(5.0));
+        let action = SplitClipInstanceAction::new(Uuid::new_v4(), Uuid::new_v4(), 5.0);
         assert_eq!(action.description(), "Split clip instance");
     }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn splitting_a_midi_clip_stays_in_the_beats_domain() {
-        // Regression: `trim_start`/`trim_end` are domain-polymorphic — SECONDS for audio/video/
-        // vector, but BEATS for MIDI (the backend takes MIDI trims as `Beats`). Split used to map
-        // the split point into the clip's content in seconds unconditionally, so on a MIDI clip it
-        // added a seconds delta to a beats offset. At anything but 60 BPM the right half started at
-        // the wrong place in the content.
-        //
-        // At 120 BPM, beat 4 is 2 SECONDS in. The right half must trim to beat 4, not "4 seconds"
-        // (= beat 8) and not 2 (the seconds value).
-        let mut document = Document::new("Test");
-        document.set_bpm(120.0);
-
-        // 8-beat MIDI clip at the timeline origin.
-        let clip = crate::clip::AudioClip::new_midi("Midi", 1, daw_backend::Beats(8.0));
-        let clip_id = document.add_audio_clip(clip);
-
-        let mut audio_layer = crate::layer::AudioLayer::new("Layer 1");
-        let mut instance = ClipInstance::new(clip_id);
-        instance.timeline_start = daw_backend::Beats::ZERO;
-        instance.trim_start = ContentTime::ZERO;
-        instance.trim_end = Some(ContentTime(8.0)); // beats
-        let instance_id = instance.id;
-        audio_layer.clip_instances.push(instance);
-        let layer_id = document.root.add_child(AnyLayer::Audio(audio_layer));
-
-        let mut action = SplitClipInstanceAction::new(layer_id, instance_id, daw_backend::Beats(4.0));
-        action.execute(&mut document).expect("split");
-        let new_id = action.new_instance_id().expect("right instance");
-
-        let AnyLayer::Audio(al) = document.get_layer(&layer_id).unwrap() else { panic!() };
-        let right = al.clip_instances.iter().find(|ci| ci.id == new_id).unwrap();
-        let left = al.clip_instances.iter().find(|ci| ci.id == instance_id).unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(right.trim_start, ContentTime(4.0), "right half must start 4 BEATS into the content");
-        assert_eq!(left.trim_end, Some(ContentTime(4.0)), "left half must end 4 BEATS into the content");
-    }
 }

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/actions/trim_clip_instances.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ use crate::action::Action;
 use crate::clip::ClipInstance;
 use crate::document::Document;
 use crate::layer::AnyLayer;
-use daw_backend::{Beats, ContentTime, Seconds};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use uuid::Uuid;
 
@@ -32,57 +31,15 @@ pub struct TrimClipInstancesAction {
 pub struct TrimData {
     /// For TrimLeft: trim_start value
     /// For TrimRight: trim_end value (Option because it can be None)
-    ///
-    /// A content time — measured in the clip's own domain (seconds for audio/video/vector, beats
-    /// for MIDI), so it must be resolved against the clip before meeting a timeline position.
-    pub trim_value: Option<ContentTime>,
-    /// For TrimLeft: timeline_start value (where the clip appears on timeline, beats)
+    pub trim_value: Option<f64>,
+    /// For TrimLeft: timeline_start value (where the clip appears on timeline)
     /// For TrimRight: unused (None)
-    pub timeline_start: Option<Beats>,
-}
-
-/// A wall-clock gap on the timeline, expressed in a clip's content domain.
-///
-/// Trim validation clamps how far a clip may be dragged against the empty space next to it, and that
-/// space is measured on the timeline (seconds) while the trim lives in the clip's content domain. For
-/// wall-clock content they're the same number; for MIDI (beats content) the gap has to be converted
-/// at the clip's position, or a seconds gap silently clamps a beats trim.
-fn gap_to_content(
-    gap: Seconds,
-    clip_content: crate::clip::ClipDuration,
-    timeline_start: Beats,
-    tempo_map: &crate::tempo_map::TempoMap,
-) -> ContentTime {
-    match clip_content {
-        crate::clip::ClipDuration::Seconds(_) => ContentTime(gap.seconds_to_f64()),
-        crate::clip::ClipDuration::Beats(_) => {
-            let beats = tempo_map
-                .seconds_to_beats(tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(timeline_start) + gap)
-                - timeline_start;
-            ContentTime(beats.beats_to_f64())
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// The inverse: a content-domain span as wall-clock seconds at the clip's position.
-fn content_to_secs(
-    span: ContentTime,
-    clip_content: crate::clip::ClipDuration,
-    timeline_start: Beats,
-    tempo_map: &crate::tempo_map::TempoMap,
-) -> Seconds {
-    match clip_content {
-        crate::clip::ClipDuration::Seconds(_) => Seconds(span.raw()),
-        crate::clip::ClipDuration::Beats(_) => {
-            tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(timeline_start + Beats(span.raw()))
-                - tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(timeline_start)
-        }
-    }
+    pub timeline_start: Option<f64>,
 }
 
 impl TrimData {
     /// Create TrimData for left trim
-    pub fn left(trim_start: ContentTime, timeline_start: Beats) -> Self {
+    pub fn left(trim_start: f64, timeline_start: f64) -> Self {
         Self {
             trim_value: Some(trim_start),
             timeline_start: Some(timeline_start),
@@ -90,7 +47,7 @@ impl TrimData {
     }
 
     /// Create TrimData for right trim
-    pub fn right(trim_end: Option<ContentTime>) -> Self {
+    pub fn right(trim_end: Option<f64>) -> Self {
         Self {
             trim_value: trim_end,
             timeline_start: None,
@@ -234,8 +191,7 @@ impl Action for TrimClipInstancesAction {
                     .find(|ci| &ci.id == instance_id)
                     .ok_or_else(|| format!("Instance {} not found", instance_id))?;
 
-                // The clip's content duration in ITS OWN domain, so trims resolve correctly for MIDI.
-                let clip_content = document.clip_trim_duration(&instance.clip_id)
+                let clip_duration = document.get_clip_duration(&instance.clip_id)
                     .ok_or_else(|| format!("Clip {} not found", instance.clip_id))?;
 
                 let mut clamped_new = new.clone();
@@ -247,74 +203,51 @@ impl Action for TrimClipInstancesAction {
                         {
                             // If extending to the left (new_trim < old_trim)
                             if should_validate && new_trim < old_trim {
-                                let tempo_map = document.tempo_map();
-
-                                // Max leftward extension: the gap's wall-clock span, converted into
-                                // the clip's content domain so it can clamp a content-domain trim.
-                                let max_extend = gap_to_content(
-                                    document.find_max_trim_extend_left(
-                                        layer_id,
-                                        instance_id,
-                                        instance.timeline_start,
-                                    ),
-                                    clip_content,
+                                // Find the maximum we can extend left
+                                let max_extend = document.find_max_trim_extend_left(
+                                    layer_id,
+                                    instance_id,
                                     instance.timeline_start,
-                                    tempo_map,
                                 );
 
+                                // Calculate how much we want to extend
                                 let desired_extend = old_trim - new_trim;
+
+                                // Clamp to max allowed
                                 let actual_extend = desired_extend.min(max_extend);
                                 let clamped_trim_start = old_trim - actual_extend;
-
-                                // Move the timeline left by the same span, as wall-clock seconds.
-                                let shift = content_to_secs(
-                                    actual_extend,
-                                    clip_content,
-                                    instance.timeline_start,
-                                    tempo_map,
-                                );
-                                let clamped_timeline_start = tempo_map
-                                    .seconds_to_beats(tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(old_timeline) - shift)
-                                    .max(Beats::ZERO);
+                                let clamped_timeline_start = (old_timeline - actual_extend).max(0.0);
 
                                 clamped_new = TrimData::left(clamped_trim_start, clamped_timeline_start);
                             }
                         }
                     }
                     TrimType::TrimRight => {
-                        let content_end = ContentTime(clip_content.native());
-                        let old_trim_end = old.trim_value.unwrap_or(content_end);
-                        let new_trim_end = new.trim_value.unwrap_or(content_end);
+                        let old_trim_end = old.trim_value.unwrap_or(clip_duration);
+                        let new_trim_end = new.trim_value.unwrap_or(clip_duration);
 
                         // If extending to the right (new_trim_end > old_trim_end)
                         if should_validate && new_trim_end > old_trim_end {
-                            let tempo_map = document.tempo_map();
+                            // Calculate current effective duration
+                            let current_effective_duration = old_trim_end - instance.trim_start;
 
-                            // How long the clip currently occupies the timeline, in beats. Resolved
-                            // in the clip's own domain, so a MIDI clip's beats content isn't run
-                            // through the seconds→beats conversion a second time.
-                            let current_effective_duration = instance
-                                .effective_duration_beats(clip_content, tempo_map);
-
-                            // Max rightward extension: the gap's wall-clock span, in content domain.
-                            let max_extend = gap_to_content(
-                                document.find_max_trim_extend_right(
-                                    layer_id,
-                                    instance_id,
-                                    instance.timeline_start,
-                                    current_effective_duration,
-                                ),
-                                clip_content,
+                            // Find the maximum we can extend right
+                            let max_extend = document.find_max_trim_extend_right(
+                                layer_id,
+                                instance_id,
                                 instance.timeline_start,
-                                tempo_map,
+                                current_effective_duration,
                             );
 
+                            // Calculate how much we want to extend
                             let desired_extend = new_trim_end - old_trim_end;
+
+                            // Clamp to max allowed
                             let actual_extend = desired_extend.min(max_extend);
                             let clamped_trim_end = old_trim_end + actual_extend;
 
-                            // Don't exceed the clip's content.
-                            let final_trim_end = clamped_trim_end.min(content_end);
+                            // Don't exceed clip duration
+                            let final_trim_end = clamped_trim_end.min(clip_duration);
 
                             clamped_new = TrimData::right(Some(final_trim_end));
                         }
@@ -423,7 +356,7 @@ impl Action for TrimClipInstancesAction {
 
     fn execute_backend(&mut self, backend: &mut crate::action::BackendContext, document: &Document) -> Result<(), String> {
         use crate::layer::AnyLayer;
-        use crate::clip::ResolvedContent;
+        use crate::clip::AudioClipType;
 
         // Get audio controller
         let controller = match backend.audio_controller.as_mut() {
@@ -443,10 +376,9 @@ impl Action for TrimClipInstancesAction {
                     if let Some(instance) = vl.clip_instances.iter().find(|ci| ci.id == *instance_id) {
                         if let Some(&metatrack_id) = backend.layer_to_track_map.get(&instance.clip_id) {
                             // Instance already has new values after execute()
-                            controller.set_offset(metatrack_id, document.tempo_map().beats_to_seconds(instance.timeline_start));
-                            // A vector clip's content is wall-clock, so its content times ARE seconds.
-                            controller.set_trim_start(metatrack_id, daw_backend::Seconds(instance.trim_start.raw()));
-                            controller.set_trim_end(metatrack_id, instance.trim_end.map(|t| daw_backend::Seconds(t.raw())));
+                            controller.set_offset(metatrack_id, instance.timeline_start);
+                            controller.set_trim_start(metatrack_id, instance.trim_start);
+                            controller.set_trim_end(metatrack_id, instance.trim_end);
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -482,29 +414,27 @@ impl Action for TrimClipInstancesAction {
                 // Calculate new internal_start and internal_end for backend
                 // Note: instance already has the new trim values after execute()
                 let internal_start = instance.trim_start;
-                let internal_end = instance
-                    .trim_end
-                    .unwrap_or(ContentTime(clip.content_duration().native()));
+                let internal_end = instance.trim_end.unwrap_or(clip.duration);
 
                 // Handle trim based on clip type
-                match &instance.resolve(clip) {
-                    ResolvedContent::Midi { midi_clip_id } => {
+                match &clip.clip_type {
+                    AudioClipType::Midi { midi_clip_id } => {
                         // For MIDI: trim_clip expects the pool clip ID
-                        controller.trim_clip(*track_id, *midi_clip_id, clip.trim_range(internal_start, internal_end));
+                        controller.trim_clip(*track_id, *midi_clip_id, internal_start, internal_end);
                     }
-                    ResolvedContent::Audio { .. } => {
+                    AudioClipType::Sampled { .. } => {
                         // For sampled audio: trim_clip expects the instance ID
                         let backend_instance_id = backend.clip_instance_to_backend_map.get(instance_id)
                             .ok_or_else(|| format!("Clip instance {} not mapped to backend", instance_id))?;
 
                         match backend_instance_id {
                             crate::action::BackendClipInstanceId::Audio(audio_id) => {
-                                controller.trim_clip(*track_id, *audio_id, clip.trim_range(internal_start, internal_end));
+                                controller.trim_clip(*track_id, *audio_id, internal_start, internal_end);
                             }
                             _ => return Err("Expected audio instance ID for sampled clip".to_string()),
                         }
                     }
-                    ResolvedContent::Recording => {
+                    AudioClipType::Recording => {
                         // Recording clips cannot be trimmed - skip
                     }
                 }
@@ -516,7 +446,7 @@ impl Action for TrimClipInstancesAction {
 
     fn rollback_backend(&mut self, backend: &mut crate::action::BackendContext, document: &Document) -> Result<(), String> {
         use crate::layer::AnyLayer;
-        use crate::clip::ResolvedContent;
+        use crate::clip::AudioClipType;
 
         // Get audio controller
         let controller = match backend.audio_controller.as_mut() {
@@ -536,10 +466,9 @@ impl Action for TrimClipInstancesAction {
                     if let Some(instance) = vl.clip_instances.iter().find(|ci| ci.id == *instance_id) {
                         if let Some(&metatrack_id) = backend.layer_to_track_map.get(&instance.clip_id) {
                             // Instance already has old values after rollback()
-                            controller.set_offset(metatrack_id, document.tempo_map().beats_to_seconds(instance.timeline_start));
-                            // A vector clip's content is wall-clock, so its content times ARE seconds.
-                            controller.set_trim_start(metatrack_id, daw_backend::Seconds(instance.trim_start.raw()));
-                            controller.set_trim_end(metatrack_id, instance.trim_end.map(|t| daw_backend::Seconds(t.raw())));
+                            controller.set_offset(metatrack_id, instance.timeline_start);
+                            controller.set_trim_start(metatrack_id, instance.trim_start);
+                            controller.set_trim_end(metatrack_id, instance.trim_end);
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -573,35 +502,34 @@ impl Action for TrimClipInstancesAction {
                     .ok_or_else(|| format!("Audio clip {} not found", instance.clip_id))?;
 
                 // Calculate old internal_start and internal_end for backend
-                let content_end = ContentTime(clip.content_duration().native());
                 let internal_start = match trim_type {
-                    TrimType::TrimLeft => old.trim_value.unwrap_or(ContentTime::ZERO),
+                    TrimType::TrimLeft => old.trim_value.unwrap_or(0.0),
                     TrimType::TrimRight => instance.trim_start, // trim_start wasn't changed
                 };
                 let internal_end = match trim_type {
-                    TrimType::TrimLeft => instance.trim_end.unwrap_or(content_end), // trim_end wasn't changed
-                    TrimType::TrimRight => old.trim_value.unwrap_or(content_end),
+                    TrimType::TrimLeft => instance.trim_end.unwrap_or(clip.duration), // trim_end wasn't changed
+                    TrimType::TrimRight => old.trim_value.unwrap_or(clip.duration),
                 };
 
                 // Handle trim based on clip type
-                match &instance.resolve(clip) {
-                    ResolvedContent::Midi { midi_clip_id } => {
+                match &clip.clip_type {
+                    AudioClipType::Midi { midi_clip_id } => {
                         // For MIDI: trim_clip expects the pool clip ID
-                        controller.trim_clip(*track_id, *midi_clip_id, clip.trim_range(internal_start, internal_end));
+                        controller.trim_clip(*track_id, *midi_clip_id, internal_start, internal_end);
                     }
-                    ResolvedContent::Audio { .. } => {
+                    AudioClipType::Sampled { .. } => {
                         // For sampled audio: trim_clip expects the instance ID
                         let backend_instance_id = backend.clip_instance_to_backend_map.get(instance_id)
                             .ok_or_else(|| format!("Clip instance {} not mapped to backend", instance_id))?;
 
                         match backend_instance_id {
                             crate::action::BackendClipInstanceId::Audio(audio_id) => {
-                                controller.trim_clip(*track_id, *audio_id, clip.trim_range(internal_start, internal_end));
+                                controller.trim_clip(*track_id, *audio_id, internal_start, internal_end);
                             }
                             _ => return Err("Expected audio instance ID for sampled clip".to_string()),
                         }
                     }
-                    ResolvedContent::Recording => {
+                    AudioClipType::Recording => {
                         // Recording clips cannot be trimmed - skip
                     }
                 }
@@ -630,8 +558,8 @@ mod tests {
         let mut vector_layer = VectorLayer::new("Layer 1");
 
         let mut clip_instance = ClipInstance::new(clip_id);
-        clip_instance.timeline_start = Beats::ZERO;
-        clip_instance.trim_start = ContentTime::ZERO;
+        clip_instance.timeline_start = 0.0;
+        clip_instance.trim_start = 0.0;
         let instance_id = clip_instance.id;
         vector_layer.clip_instances.push(clip_instance);
 
@@ -644,8 +572,8 @@ mod tests {
             vec![(
                 instance_id,
                 TrimType::TrimLeft,
-                TrimData::left(ContentTime::ZERO, Beats::ZERO),
-                TrimData::left(ContentTime(2.0), Beats(2.0)),
+                TrimData::left(0.0, 0.0),
+                TrimData::left(2.0, 2.0),
             )],
         );
 
@@ -661,8 +589,8 @@ mod tests {
                 .iter()
                 .find(|ci| ci.id == instance_id)
                 .unwrap();
-            assert_eq!(instance.trim_start, ContentTime(2.0));
-            assert_eq!(instance.timeline_start, Beats(2.0));
+            assert_eq!(instance.trim_start, 2.0);
+            assert_eq!(instance.timeline_start, 2.0);
         }
 
         // Rollback
@@ -675,8 +603,8 @@ mod tests {
                 .iter()
                 .find(|ci| ci.id == instance_id)
                 .unwrap();
-            assert_eq!(instance.trim_start, ContentTime::ZERO);
-            assert_eq!(instance.timeline_start, Beats::ZERO);
+            assert_eq!(instance.trim_start, 0.0);
+            assert_eq!(instance.timeline_start, 0.0);
         }
     }
 
@@ -706,7 +634,7 @@ mod tests {
                 instance_id,
                 TrimType::TrimRight,
                 TrimData::right(None),
-                TrimData::right(Some(ContentTime(8.0))),
+                TrimData::right(Some(8.0)),
             )],
         );
 
@@ -722,7 +650,7 @@ mod tests {
                 .iter()
                 .find(|ci| ci.id == instance_id)
                 .unwrap();
-            assert_eq!(instance.trim_end, Some(ContentTime(8.0)));
+            assert_eq!(instance.trim_end, Some(8.0));
         }
 
         // Rollback

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/actions/update_midi_notes.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,7 @@
 use crate::action::Action;
 use crate::document::Document;
-use daw_backend::Beats;
 use uuid::Uuid;
 
-/// Convert editor-side beats-domain note tuples to the typed backend form.
-fn notes_to_beats(notes: &[(f64, u8, u8, f64)]) -> Vec<(Beats, u8, u8, Beats)> {
-    notes.iter().map(|&(t, n, v, d)| (Beats(t), n, v, Beats(d))).collect()
-}
-
 /// Action to update MIDI notes in a clip (supports undo/redo)
 ///
 /// Stores the before and after note states. MIDI note data lives in the backend,
@@ -55,8 +49,7 @@ impl Action for UpdateMidiNotesAction {
             .get(&self.layer_id)
             .ok_or_else(|| format!("Layer {} not mapped to backend track", self.layer_id))?;
 
-        // Note times/durations are beats (MIDI content domain); assert that at the typed boundary.
-        controller.update_midi_clip_notes(*track_id, self.midi_clip_id, notes_to_beats(&self.new_notes));
+        controller.update_midi_clip_notes(*track_id, self.midi_clip_id, self.new_notes.clone());
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -75,7 +68,7 @@ impl Action for UpdateMidiNotesAction {
             .get(&self.layer_id)
             .ok_or_else(|| format!("Layer {} not mapped to backend track", self.layer_id))?;
 
-        controller.update_midi_clip_notes(*track_id, self.midi_clip_id, notes_to_beats(&self.old_notes));
+        controller.update_midi_clip_notes(*track_id, self.midi_clip_id, self.old_notes.clone());
         Ok(())
     }
 

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/clip.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 use crate::layer::AnyLayer;
 use crate::layer_tree::LayerTree;
 use crate::object::Transform;
-use daw_backend::{Beats, ContentTime, Seconds};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use uuid::Uuid;
@@ -111,7 +110,7 @@ impl VectorClip {
     pub fn content_duration_with(&self, framerate: f64, tempo_map: &crate::tempo_map::TempoMap, clip_duration_fn: impl Fn(&Uuid) -> Option<f64>) -> f64 {
         let frame_duration = 1.0 / framerate;
         // Work in beats, convert to seconds at the end.
-        let mut last_beats: Option<Beats> = None;
+        let mut last_beats: Option<f64> = None;
         let mut last_secs: Option<f64> = None;
 
         for layer_node in self.layers.iter() {
@@ -127,22 +126,18 @@ impl VectorClip {
             };
             for ci in clip_instances {
                 // Compute end position of this clip instance in beats
-                let end_beats: Beats = if let Some(td_beats) = ci.timeline_duration {
+                let end_beats = if let Some(td_beats) = ci.timeline_duration {
                     ci.timeline_start + td_beats
                 } else if let Some(te) = ci.trim_end {
-                    // `clip_duration_fn` hands back seconds, so this whole path treats nested
-                    // content as wall-clock. That's right for the vector/video/audio clips a vector
-                    // clip actually nests; a nested MIDI clip (beats content) would need resolving
-                    // against its clip, which this callback can't do. Pre-existing limitation.
-                    let secs = (te - ci.trim_start).raw().max(0.0);
-                    tempo_map.seconds_to_beats(tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(ci.timeline_start) + Seconds(secs))
+                    let secs = (te - ci.trim_start).max(0.0);
+                    ci.timeline_start + tempo_map.inverse_transform(tempo_map.transform(ci.timeline_start) + secs) - ci.timeline_start
                 } else if let Some(clip_dur_secs) = clip_duration_fn(&ci.clip_id) {
-                    let secs = (clip_dur_secs - ci.trim_start.raw()).max(0.0);
-                    tempo_map.seconds_to_beats(tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(ci.timeline_start) + Seconds(secs))
+                    let secs = (clip_dur_secs - ci.trim_start).max(0.0);
+                    ci.timeline_start + tempo_map.inverse_transform(tempo_map.transform(ci.timeline_start) + secs) - ci.timeline_start
                 } else {
                     continue;
                 };
-                last_beats = Some(last_beats.map_or(end_beats, |t: Beats| t.max(end_beats)));
+                last_beats = Some(last_beats.map_or(end_beats, |t: f64| t.max(end_beats)));
             }
 
             // Vector layer keyframes are in seconds
@@ -153,7 +148,7 @@ impl VectorClip {
             }
         }
 
-        let from_clips = last_beats.map(|b| tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(b).seconds_to_f64());
+        let from_clips = last_beats.map(|b| tempo_map.transform(b));
         let combined = match (from_clips, last_secs) {
             (Some(a), Some(b)) => Some(a.max(b)),
             (Some(a), None) => Some(a),
@@ -204,10 +199,8 @@ impl VectorClip {
                 for clip_instance in &vector_layer.clip_instances {
                     // Convert parent clip time (seconds) to nested clip local time (seconds).
                     // timeline_start is in beats; convert to seconds using document BPM.
-                    let start_secs = document.tempo_map().beats_to_seconds(clip_instance.timeline_start).seconds_to_f64();
-                    // Nested clips here are vector clips, whose content is wall-clock seconds.
-                    let nested_clip_time =
-                        ((clip_time - start_secs) * clip_instance.playback_speed) + clip_instance.trim_start.raw();
+                    let start_secs = document.tempo_map().transform(clip_instance.timeline_start);
+                    let nested_clip_time = ((clip_time - start_secs) * clip_instance.playback_speed) + clip_instance.trim_start;
 
                     // Look up the nested clip definition
                     let nested_bounds = if let Some(nested_clip) = document.get_vector_clip(&clip_instance.clip_id) {
@@ -474,67 +467,6 @@ pub enum AudioClipType {
     Recording,
 }
 
-/// One take of a cycle recording — see [`ClipInstance::takes`].
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct AudioTake {
-    /// Display name, e.g. "Take 1". User-editable.
-    pub name: String,
-    /// The recorded content this take points at.
-    pub content: TakeContent,
-}
-
-/// What a take actually holds. An instance's takes are all the same kind — one cycle-record session
-/// captures either audio or MIDI, never a mix.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub enum TakeContent {
-    /// Sampled audio: index into the audio pool.
-    Audio { audio_pool_index: usize },
-    /// MIDI: backend MIDI clip ID.
-    Midi { midi_clip_id: u32 },
-}
-
-/// A clip's content duration, tagged by its native unit.
-///
-/// Sampled/recording audio and video measure content in wall-clock **seconds**; MIDI measures
-/// it in **beats** (tempo-independent musical length). Carrying the domain in the type means a
-/// duration can't be silently read in the wrong unit.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub enum ClipDuration {
-    Seconds(Seconds),
-    Beats(Beats),
-}
-
-impl ClipDuration {
-    /// Wall-clock seconds. Beats are converted as a length from beat 0 (exact under constant
-    /// tempo; a reasonable approximation otherwise — durations are position-independent here).
-    pub fn to_seconds(self, tempo_map: &daw_backend::TempoMap) -> Seconds {
-        match self {
-            ClipDuration::Seconds(s) => s,
-            ClipDuration::Beats(b) => tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(b),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// The raw magnitude in the clip's native unit. Use only in code that already works in that
-    /// domain (e.g. trim math, whose values share the clip's native domain).
-    pub fn native(self) -> f64 {
-        match self {
-            ClipDuration::Seconds(s) => s.seconds_to_f64(),
-            ClipDuration::Beats(b) => b.beats_to_f64(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Tag a [`ContentTime`] with *this* duration's domain.
-    ///
-    /// Handy when you already hold a clip's content duration (so you know the domain) and need to
-    /// resolve one of its trim bounds, without going back to the clip.
-    pub fn same_domain(self, t: ContentTime) -> ClipDuration {
-        match self {
-            ClipDuration::Seconds(_) => ClipDuration::Seconds(Seconds(t.raw())),
-            ClipDuration::Beats(_) => ClipDuration::Beats(Beats(t.raw())),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 /// Audio clip
 ///
 /// This is compatible with daw-backend's audio system:
@@ -548,13 +480,9 @@ pub struct AudioClip {
     /// Clip name
     pub name: String,
 
-    /// Raw content duration in the clip's **native domain** — SECONDS for sampled/recording
-    /// audio, BEATS for MIDI (musical length, tempo-independent). Private on purpose: the domain
-    /// depends on `clip_type`, so all access goes through [`AudioClip::content_duration`] /
-    /// [`AudioClip::set_content_duration`], which keep it type-safe. Stored as a bare `f64`
-    /// because the `.beam` format serializes it as a plain number (serde derives over private
-    /// fields fine); a domain-tagged newtype would change the on-disk shape.
-    duration: f64,
+    /// Duration in seconds
+    /// For sampled audio, this can be set to trim the audio shorter than the source file
+    pub duration: f64,
 
     /// Audio clip type (sampled or MIDI)
     pub clip_type: AudioClipType,
@@ -565,34 +493,6 @@ pub struct AudioClip {
 }
 
 impl AudioClip {
-    /// The clip's content duration, tagged with its native domain (seconds for sampled/recording,
-    /// beats for MIDI). This is the only sanctioned way to read the raw `duration` field.
-    pub fn content_duration(&self) -> ClipDuration {
-        if self.is_midi_domain() {
-            ClipDuration::Beats(Beats(self.duration))
-        } else {
-            ClipDuration::Seconds(Seconds(self.duration))
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Set the content duration. Debug-asserts the value's domain matches the clip type so a
-    /// beats duration can't be stored on a seconds clip (or vice-versa).
-    pub fn set_content_duration(&mut self, duration: ClipDuration) {
-        debug_assert!(
-            matches!(
-                (self.is_midi_domain(), duration),
-                (true, ClipDuration::Beats(_)) | (false, ClipDuration::Seconds(_))
-            ),
-            "clip duration domain must match clip type",
-        );
-        self.duration = duration.native();
-    }
-
-    /// Whether this clip's `duration` is measured in beats (MIDI) rather than seconds.
-    fn is_midi_domain(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self.clip_type, AudioClipType::Midi { .. })
-    }
-
     /// Create a new sampled audio clip
     ///
     /// # Arguments
@@ -676,73 +576,6 @@ impl AudioClip {
             _ => None,
         }
     }
-
-    /// The clip's own content, ignoring takes.
-    ///
-    /// Callers that are handing content to the backend want [`ClipInstance::resolve`] instead — an
-    /// instance with takes overrides the clip's content with whichever take is active.
-    pub fn resolve(&self) -> ResolvedContent {
-        match &self.clip_type {
-            AudioClipType::Sampled { audio_pool_index } => ResolvedContent::Audio {
-                audio_pool_index: *audio_pool_index,
-            },
-            AudioClipType::Midi { midi_clip_id } => ResolvedContent::Midi {
-                midi_clip_id: *midi_clip_id,
-            },
-            AudioClipType::Recording => ResolvedContent::Recording,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Resolve a content time against this clip's domain.
-    ///
-    /// This is the ONLY sanctioned way to turn a [`ContentTime`] into a real duration — the type has
-    /// no `.to_seconds()` of its own precisely so that the clip, which is the one thing that knows
-    /// whether its content is measured in seconds or beats, has to be consulted.
-    pub fn resolve_content_time(&self, t: ContentTime) -> ClipDuration {
-        if self.is_midi_domain() {
-            ClipDuration::Beats(Beats(t.raw()))
-        } else {
-            ClipDuration::Seconds(Seconds(t.raw()))
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Tag a pair of trim bounds with this clip's content domain, ready for the backend.
-    ///
-    /// Building the [`TrimRange`] from the clip means a caller can't reach for the wrong variant:
-    /// the clip is the one thing that knows the domain.
-    pub fn trim_range(&self, start: ContentTime, end: ContentTime) -> daw_backend::command::TrimRange {
-        if self.is_midi_domain() {
-            daw_backend::command::TrimRange::Beats {
-                start: Beats(start.raw()),
-                end: Beats(end.raw()),
-            }
-        } else {
-            daw_backend::command::TrimRange::Seconds {
-                start: Seconds(start.raw()),
-                end: Seconds(end.raw()),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Whether this clip's own content is the given audio pool index.
-    pub fn owns_audio_pool_index(&self, pool_index: usize) -> bool {
-        self.audio_pool_index() == Some(pool_index)
-    }
-
-    /// Whether this clip's own content is the given backend MIDI clip ID.
-    pub fn owns_midi_clip_id(&self, id: u32) -> bool {
-        self.midi_clip_id() == Some(id)
-    }
-}
-
-/// What a clip instance actually plays, once takes are resolved to the active one.
-/// Produced by [`ClipInstance::resolve`].
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub enum ResolvedContent {
-    Audio { audio_pool_index: usize },
-    Midi { midi_clip_id: u32 },
-    /// A recording in progress (or an empty take folder) — no backend content yet.
-    Recording,
 }
 
 /// Unified clip enum for polymorphic handling
@@ -814,24 +647,23 @@ pub struct ClipInstance {
 
     /// When this instance starts on the timeline, in **beats**.
     /// Default: 0.0
-    pub timeline_start: Beats,
+    pub timeline_start: f64,
 
     /// How long this instance appears on the timeline, in **beats**.
     /// If set and longer than the trimmed content, the content will loop.
     /// Default: None (use trimmed clip duration, no looping)
-    pub timeline_duration: Option<Beats>,
+    pub timeline_duration: Option<f64>,
 
-    /// Trim start: offset into the clip's internal content.
-    ///
-    /// A [`ContentTime`] — measured in the CLIP's content domain, which is seconds for sampled
-    /// audio/video/vector but BEATS for MIDI. Resolve it against the clip
-    /// ([`Document::resolve_content_time`]) before combining it with anything on the timeline.
+    /// Trim start: offset into the clip's internal content, in **seconds**.
+    /// - For audio: byte-offset into the audio file
+    /// - For video: seek position in the video file
+    /// - For vector: time offset into the animation
     /// Default: 0.0
-    pub trim_start: ContentTime,
+    pub trim_start: f64,
 
-    /// Trim end: offset into the clip's internal content. See [`Self::trim_start`].
+    /// Trim end: offset into the clip's internal content, in **seconds**.
     /// Default: None (use full clip duration)
-    pub trim_end: Option<ContentTime>,
+    pub trim_end: Option<f64>,
 
     /// Playback speed multiplier
     /// 1.0 = normal speed, 0.5 = half speed, 2.0 = double speed
@@ -847,36 +679,7 @@ pub struct ClipInstance {
     /// When set, loop iterations are drawn/played before the content start.
     /// Default: None (no pre-loop)
     #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
-    pub loop_before: Option<Beats>,
-
-    /// Alternate takes from cycle recording. Empty = an ordinary instance with no takes.
-    ///
-    /// The takes live on the INSTANCE, not the clip, so managing them is per-instance: deleting or
-    /// renaming a take on one instance leaves every other instance alone. Splitting clones the list
-    /// along with the rest of the instance, so the two halves get independent take lists — and,
-    /// since they can each select a different take, comping still falls out for free.
-    ///
-    /// Every take spans the full cycle region (partial passes are padded with silence at capture
-    /// time), so they're all the same length as the clip's own content. That uniformity is what lets
-    /// a take switch leave the instance's geometry untouched.
-    ///
-    /// When non-empty, these OVERRIDE the clip's own content — see [`Self::resolve`].
-    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Vec::is_empty")]
-    pub takes: Vec<AudioTake>,
-
-    /// Which of [`Self::takes`] plays. `None` (or a stale index) means take 0.
-    /// Default: None
-    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
-    pub active_take: Option<usize>,
-
-    /// The cycle region's length in beats when these takes were recorded.
-    ///
-    /// Audio takes are cut geometrically (by sample count), so they're only meaningful against the
-    /// tempo they were recorded at. Keeping the recorded length lets a future time-stretch/conform
-    /// feature reconcile them if the tempo moves underneath, and lets a new recording tell whether
-    /// it belongs in this take list or a fresh one.
-    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
-    pub recorded_loop_beats: Option<Beats>,
+    pub loop_before: Option<f64>,
 }
 
 /// High 64-bit sentinel used to identify UUIDs that encode a backend audio clip instance ID.
@@ -928,16 +731,13 @@ impl ClipInstance {
             transform: Transform::default(),
             opacity: 1.0,
             name: None,
-            timeline_start: Beats::ZERO,
+            timeline_start: 0.0,
             timeline_duration: None,
-            trim_start: ContentTime::ZERO,
+            trim_start: 0.0,
             trim_end: None,
             playback_speed: 1.0,
             gain: 1.0,
             loop_before: None,
-            takes: Vec::new(),
-            active_take: None,
-            recorded_loop_beats: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -949,16 +749,13 @@ impl ClipInstance {
             transform: Transform::default(),
             opacity: 1.0,
             name: None,
-            timeline_start: Beats::ZERO,
+            timeline_start: 0.0,
             timeline_duration: None,
-            trim_start: ContentTime::ZERO,
+            trim_start: 0.0,
             trim_end: None,
             playback_speed: 1.0,
             gain: 1.0,
             loop_before: None,
-            takes: Vec::new(),
-            active_take: None,
-            recorded_loop_beats: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -987,14 +784,14 @@ impl ClipInstance {
         self
     }
 
-    /// Set timeline position (beats).
-    pub fn with_timeline_start(mut self, timeline_start: Beats) -> Self {
+    /// Set timeline position
+    pub fn with_timeline_start(mut self, timeline_start: f64) -> Self {
         self.timeline_start = timeline_start;
         self
     }
 
     /// Set trimming (start and end time within the clip's internal content)
-    pub fn with_trimming(mut self, trim_start: ContentTime, trim_end: Option<ContentTime>) -> Self {
+    pub fn with_trimming(mut self, trim_start: f64, trim_end: Option<f64>) -> Self {
         self.trim_start = trim_start;
         self.trim_end = trim_end;
         self
@@ -1013,149 +810,80 @@ impl ClipInstance {
     }
 
     /// Set explicit timeline duration (in beats) by directly setting `timeline_duration`.
-    pub fn with_timeline_duration(mut self, duration_beats: Beats) -> Self {
+    pub fn with_timeline_duration(mut self, duration_beats: f64) -> Self {
         self.timeline_duration = Some(duration_beats);
         self
     }
 
-    /// The take this instance plays, if it has any.
-    ///
-    /// A `None`/stale `active_take` falls back to take 0 — an index can go stale (an undo that
-    /// shrank the list, an old `.beam`), and silently playing the first take beats playing nothing.
-    pub fn active_take(&self) -> Option<&AudioTake> {
-        self.takes
-            .get(self.active_take.unwrap_or(0))
-            .or_else(|| self.takes.first())
-    }
-
-    /// The index [`Self::active_take`] actually resolves to, clamped into range.
-    pub fn active_take_index(&self) -> usize {
-        let i = self.active_take.unwrap_or(0);
-        if i < self.takes.len() { i } else { 0 }
-    }
-
-    /// What this instance plays: its active take if it has takes, otherwise the clip's own content.
-    ///
-    /// This is the sanctioned way to ask "what content do I hand the backend for this instance?".
-    /// Takes are never a distinct *case* at the call site — an instance with takes is just an audio
-    /// or MIDI instance whose identity depends on which take is live.
-    pub fn resolve(&self, clip: &AudioClip) -> ResolvedContent {
-        match self.active_take().map(|t| &t.content) {
-            Some(TakeContent::Audio { audio_pool_index }) => ResolvedContent::Audio {
-                audio_pool_index: *audio_pool_index,
-            },
-            Some(TakeContent::Midi { midi_clip_id }) => ResolvedContent::Midi {
-                midi_clip_id: *midi_clip_id,
-            },
-            None => clip.resolve(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// The audio pool index this instance plays. See [`Self::resolve`].
-    pub fn resolved_audio_pool_index(&self, clip: &AudioClip) -> Option<usize> {
-        match self.resolve(clip) {
-            ResolvedContent::Audio { audio_pool_index } => Some(audio_pool_index),
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// The backend MIDI clip ID this instance plays. See [`Self::resolve`].
-    pub fn resolved_midi_clip_id(&self, clip: &AudioClip) -> Option<u32> {
-        match self.resolve(clip) {
-            ResolvedContent::Midi { midi_clip_id } => Some(midi_clip_id),
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Content window (`trim_end - trim_start`) in the clip's own content domain.
+    /// Content window size in seconds: `trim_end - trim_start`.
     /// Used for internal looping calculations.
-    pub fn content_window(&self, clip_content: ClipDuration) -> ClipDuration {
-        let end = self.trim_end.map_or(clip_content.native(), |t| t.raw());
-        let window = (end - self.trim_start.raw()).max(0.0);
-        match clip_content {
-            ClipDuration::Beats(_) => ClipDuration::Beats(Beats(window)),
-            ClipDuration::Seconds(_) => ClipDuration::Seconds(Seconds(window)),
-        }
+    pub fn content_window_secs(&self, clip_duration_secs: f64) -> f64 {
+        let end = self.trim_end.unwrap_or(clip_duration_secs);
+        (end - self.trim_start).max(0.0)
     }
 
     /// How long this instance appears on the timeline, in **beats**.
     ///
-    /// If `timeline_duration` is set, returns that (enabling content looping). Otherwise the clip
-    /// occupies its content window — converted to beats *in the clip's own domain*:
-    ///
-    /// - MIDI content is already beats and is tempo-invariant, so it carries over directly.
-    /// - Wall-clock content (audio/video/vector) is a seconds span, so it converts at the clip's
-    ///   position on the timeline.
-    ///
-    /// Taking a `ClipDuration` rather than a bare `Seconds` is what keeps those apart: this used to
-    /// take seconds and subtract `trim_start` from it, which for a TRIMMED MIDI clip subtracted a
-    /// beats offset from a seconds duration and got the clip's length wrong.
-    pub fn effective_duration_beats(&self, clip_content: ClipDuration, tempo_map: &crate::tempo_map::TempoMap) -> Beats {
+    /// If `timeline_duration` is set, returns that (enabling content looping).
+    /// Otherwise converts the content window from seconds to beats using the tempo map.
+    pub fn effective_duration_beats(&self, clip_duration_secs: f64, tempo_map: &crate::tempo_map::TempoMap) -> f64 {
         if let Some(td) = self.timeline_duration {
             return td;
         }
-        match self.content_window(clip_content) {
-            ClipDuration::Beats(b) => b,
-            ClipDuration::Seconds(s) => {
-                let start_secs = tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(self.timeline_start);
-                tempo_map.seconds_to_beats(start_secs + s) - self.timeline_start
-            }
-        }
+        let window_secs = self.content_window_secs(clip_duration_secs);
+        let start_secs = tempo_map.transform(self.timeline_start);
+        tempo_map.inverse_transform(start_secs + window_secs) - self.timeline_start
     }
 
     /// Left edge of the clip's visual extent on the timeline, in **beats**.
-    pub fn effective_start(&self) -> Beats {
-        self.timeline_start - self.loop_before.unwrap_or(Beats::ZERO)
+    pub fn effective_start(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.timeline_start - self.loop_before.unwrap_or(0.0)
     }
 
     /// Total visual duration (loop_before + effective_duration), in **beats**.
-    pub fn total_duration(&self, clip_content: ClipDuration, tempo_map: &crate::tempo_map::TempoMap) -> Beats {
-        self.loop_before.unwrap_or(Beats::ZERO) + self.effective_duration_beats(clip_content, tempo_map)
+    pub fn total_duration(&self, clip_duration_secs: f64, tempo_map: &crate::tempo_map::TempoMap) -> f64 {
+        self.loop_before.unwrap_or(0.0) + self.effective_duration_beats(clip_duration_secs, tempo_map)
     }
 
     /// Map a playback time (in **seconds**) to clip-local content time (in **seconds**).
     ///
-    /// The trim bounds are resolved through `clip_content`'s domain first, so a MIDI clip's beats
-    /// trims are converted rather than read as seconds. Callers are the wall-clock consumers (video
-    /// seek, vector/raster rendering), which want seconds regardless of how the clip stores content.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `None` if the clip instance is not active at `time`.
-    pub fn remap_time_secs(&self, time: Seconds, clip_content: ClipDuration, tempo_map: &crate::tempo_map::TempoMap) -> Option<Seconds> {
-        let start_secs = tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(self.timeline_start);
-        let dur_beats = self.effective_duration_beats(clip_content, tempo_map);
-        let end_secs = tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(self.timeline_start + dur_beats);
+    /// Returns `None` if the clip instance is not active at `time_secs`.
+    pub fn remap_time_secs(&self, time_secs: f64, clip_duration_secs: f64, tempo_map: &crate::tempo_map::TempoMap) -> Option<f64> {
+        let start_secs = tempo_map.transform(self.timeline_start);
+        let dur_beats = self.effective_duration_beats(clip_duration_secs, tempo_map);
+        let end_secs = tempo_map.transform(self.timeline_start + dur_beats);
 
-        if time < start_secs || time >= end_secs {
+        if time_secs < start_secs || time_secs >= end_secs {
             return None;
         }
 
-        let trim_start_secs = clip_content.same_domain(self.trim_start).to_seconds(tempo_map);
-        let content_time = (time - start_secs) * self.playback_speed;
-        let content_window = self.content_window(clip_content).to_seconds(tempo_map);
+        let relative_secs = time_secs - start_secs;
+        let content_time = relative_secs * self.playback_speed;
+        let content_window = self.content_window_secs(clip_duration_secs);
 
-        if content_window == Seconds::ZERO {
-            return Some(trim_start_secs);
+        if content_window == 0.0 {
+            return Some(self.trim_start);
         }
 
-        let looped = if content_time > content_window {
+        let looped_time = if content_time > content_window {
             content_time % content_window
         } else {
             content_time
         };
 
-        Some(trim_start_secs + looped)
+        Some(self.trim_start + looped_time)
     }
 
     /// Alias for `remap_time_secs`.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn remap_time(&self, time: Seconds, clip_content: ClipDuration, tempo_map: &crate::tempo_map::TempoMap) -> Option<Seconds> {
-        self.remap_time_secs(time, clip_content, tempo_map)
+    pub fn remap_time(&self, time_secs: f64, clip_duration_secs: f64, tempo_map: &crate::tempo_map::TempoMap) -> Option<f64> {
+        self.remap_time_secs(time_secs, clip_duration_secs, tempo_map)
     }
 
     /// Alias for `effective_duration_beats`.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn effective_duration(&self, clip_content: ClipDuration, tempo_map: &crate::tempo_map::TempoMap) -> Beats {
-        self.effective_duration_beats(clip_content, tempo_map)
+    pub fn effective_duration(&self, clip_duration_secs: f64, tempo_map: &crate::tempo_map::TempoMap) -> f64 {
+        self.effective_duration_beats(clip_duration_secs, tempo_map)
     }
 
     /// Convert to affine transform
@@ -1231,8 +959,8 @@ mod tests {
 
         assert_eq!(instance.clip_id, clip_id);
         assert_eq!(instance.opacity, 1.0);
-        assert_eq!(instance.timeline_start, Beats::ZERO);
-        assert_eq!(instance.trim_start, ContentTime::ZERO);
+        assert_eq!(instance.timeline_start, 0.0);
+        assert_eq!(instance.trim_start, 0.0);
         assert_eq!(instance.trim_end, None);
         assert_eq!(instance.playback_speed, 1.0);
         assert_eq!(instance.gain, 1.0);
@@ -1242,52 +970,27 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_clip_instance_trimming() {
         let clip_id = Uuid::new_v4();
         let instance = ClipInstance::new(clip_id)
-            .with_trimming(ContentTime(2.0), Some(ContentTime(8.0)));
+            .with_trimming(2.0, Some(8.0));
 
-        assert_eq!(instance.trim_start, ContentTime(2.0));
-        assert_eq!(instance.trim_end, Some(ContentTime(8.0)));
+        assert_eq!(instance.trim_start, 2.0);
+        assert_eq!(instance.trim_end, Some(8.0));
         // At 60 BPM the tempo map is identity (1 beat == 1 second), so the
         // beats-domain effective duration equals the seconds content window.
         let tempo_map = crate::tempo_map::TempoMap::constant(60.0);
-        let content = ClipDuration::Seconds(Seconds(10.0));
-        assert_eq!(instance.effective_duration(content, &tempo_map), Beats(6.0));
+        assert_eq!(instance.effective_duration(10.0, &tempo_map), 6.0);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_clip_instance_no_end_trim() {
         let clip_id = Uuid::new_v4();
         let instance = ClipInstance::new(clip_id)
-            .with_trimming(ContentTime(2.0), None);
+            .with_trimming(2.0, None);
 
-        assert_eq!(instance.trim_start, ContentTime(2.0));
+        assert_eq!(instance.trim_start, 2.0);
         assert_eq!(instance.trim_end, None);
         // At 60 BPM the tempo map is identity (1 beat == 1 second).
         let tempo_map = crate::tempo_map::TempoMap::constant(60.0);
-        let content = ClipDuration::Seconds(Seconds(10.0));
-        assert_eq!(instance.effective_duration(content, &tempo_map), Beats(8.0));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn trimmed_midi_clip_keeps_its_beats_length_across_tempo() {
-        // Regression: `effective_duration_beats` used to take a SECONDS clip duration and subtract
-        // `trim_start` from it. For a TRIMMED MIDI clip that subtracted a beats offset from a
-        // seconds duration, so the clip's timeline length came out wrong at any tempo but 60 BPM.
-        //
-        // MIDI content is beats and tempo-invariant: a clip trimmed to beats 2..6 is 4 beats long
-        // whatever the tempo says.
-        let clip_id = Uuid::new_v4();
-        let instance = ClipInstance::new(clip_id)
-            .with_trimming(ContentTime(2.0), Some(ContentTime(6.0)));
-        let content = ClipDuration::Beats(Beats(8.0));
-
-        for bpm in [60.0, 120.0, 90.0] {
-            let tempo_map = crate::tempo_map::TempoMap::constant(bpm);
-            assert_eq!(
-                instance.effective_duration(content, &tempo_map),
-                Beats(4.0),
-                "a MIDI clip trimmed to beats 2..6 is 4 beats long at {bpm} BPM",
-            );
-        }
+        assert_eq!(instance.effective_duration(10.0, &tempo_map), 8.0);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -1307,109 +1010,4 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(instance.playback_speed, 2.0);
         assert_eq!(instance.gain, 0.8);
     }
-
-    /// A clip whose own content is pool 10, plus an instance carrying takes over the given pools.
-    fn with_takes(pool_indices: &[usize]) -> (AudioClip, ClipInstance) {
-        let clip = AudioClip::new_sampled("Cycle rec", pool_indices[0], 2.0);
-        let mut instance = ClipInstance::new(clip.id);
-        instance.takes = pool_indices
-            .iter()
-            .enumerate()
-            .map(|(i, &audio_pool_index)| AudioTake {
-                name: format!("Take {}", i + 1),
-                content: TakeContent::Audio { audio_pool_index },
-            })
-            .collect();
-        instance.recorded_loop_beats = Some(Beats(8.0));
-        (clip, instance)
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn active_take_selects_the_pool_file() {
-        let (clip, mut instance) = with_takes(&[10, 11, 12]);
-        instance.active_take = Some(0);
-        assert_eq!(instance.resolved_audio_pool_index(&clip), Some(10));
-        instance.active_take = Some(2);
-        assert_eq!(instance.resolved_audio_pool_index(&clip), Some(12));
-        // None means take 0.
-        instance.active_take = None;
-        assert_eq!(instance.resolved_audio_pool_index(&clip), Some(10));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn out_of_range_take_falls_back_to_the_first() {
-        // An index can go stale (an undo that shrank the list, an old .beam). Playing the first take
-        // beats playing nothing.
-        let (clip, mut instance) = with_takes(&[10, 11]);
-        instance.active_take = Some(99);
-        assert_eq!(instance.resolved_audio_pool_index(&clip), Some(10));
-        assert_eq!(instance.active_take_index(), 0);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn an_instance_without_takes_plays_the_clips_own_content() {
-        let clip = AudioClip::new_sampled("Plain", 42, 2.0);
-        let instance = ClipInstance::new(clip.id);
-        assert!(instance.takes.is_empty());
-        assert_eq!(instance.resolved_audio_pool_index(&clip), Some(42));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn midi_takes_resolve_to_midi_content() {
-        let clip = AudioClip::new_midi("Cycle rec", 7, Beats(4.0));
-        let mut instance = ClipInstance::new(clip.id);
-        instance.takes = vec![AudioTake {
-            name: "Take 1".into(),
-            content: TakeContent::Midi { midi_clip_id: 7 },
-        }];
-        assert_eq!(clip.content_duration(), ClipDuration::Beats(Beats(4.0)));
-        assert_eq!(instance.resolved_midi_clip_id(&clip), Some(7));
-        assert_eq!(instance.resolved_audio_pool_index(&clip), None);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn splitting_gives_each_half_an_independent_take_list() {
-        // Takes live on the INSTANCE, so a split (which clones the instance) hands each half its own
-        // list. Two consequences, both wanted: the halves can select different takes (comping), and
-        // deleting a take from one leaves the other alone.
-        let (clip, left_src) = with_takes(&[10, 11, 12]);
-        let mut left = left_src.clone();
-        let mut right = left_src.clone();
-        right.id = Uuid::new_v4();
-
-        left.active_take = Some(0);
-        right.active_take = Some(2);
-        assert_eq!(left.resolved_audio_pool_index(&clip), Some(10));
-        assert_eq!(right.resolved_audio_pool_index(&clip), Some(12));
-
-        // Delete take 2 (pool 11) from the left half only.
-        left.takes.remove(1);
-        assert_eq!(left.takes.len(), 2);
-        assert_eq!(right.takes.len(), 3, "the other half keeps its own takes");
-        assert_eq!(
-            right.resolved_audio_pool_index(&clip),
-            Some(12),
-            "and its selection still points where it did",
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn clip_instance_without_active_take_deserializes() {
-        // Back-compat: .beam files written before take folders have no `active_take` field.
-        let json = r#"{
-            "id": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000",
-            "clip_id": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440001",
-            "transform": {"x": 0.0, "y": 0.0, "rotation": 0.0, "scale_x": 1.0, "scale_y": 1.0, "skew_x": 0.0, "skew_y": 0.0},
-            "opacity": 1.0,
-            "name": null,
-            "timeline_start": 0.0,
-            "timeline_duration": null,
-            "trim_start": 0.0,
-            "trim_end": null,
-            "playback_speed": 1.0,
-            "gain": 1.0
-        }"#;
-        let instance: ClipInstance = serde_json::from_str(json).expect("old instances must load");
-        assert_eq!(instance.active_take, None);
-    }
 }

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/document.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 
 use crate::asset_folder::AssetFolderTree;
 use crate::clip::{AudioClip, ClipInstance, ImageAsset, VideoClip, VectorClip};
-use daw_backend::{Beats, Seconds};
 use crate::effect::EffectDefinition;
 use crate::layer::{AnyLayer, GroupLayer};
 use crate::script::ScriptDefinition;
@@ -201,17 +200,6 @@ pub struct Document {
     #[serde(default)]
     pub time_signature: TimeSignature,
 
-    /// Transport cycle (loop) region, as `(start, end)` in **beats**.
-    ///
-    /// Authored in beats so it stays put musically when the tempo changes. `None` = no region set.
-    /// Saved with the project; `#[serde(default)]` keeps older `.beam` files loading.
-    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
-    pub cycle_region: Option<(Beats, Beats)>,
-
-    /// Whether the transport loops over `cycle_region`.
-    #[serde(default)]
-    pub cycle_enabled: bool,
-
     /// Master track (master bus + tempo automation lane).
     /// Stored separately from the root layer tree; shown in timeline when
     /// `show_master_track` is enabled in the editor state.
@@ -308,8 +296,6 @@ impl Default for Document {
             height: 1080.0,
             framerate: 60.0,
             time_signature: TimeSignature::default(),
-            cycle_region: None,
-            cycle_enabled: false,
             master_layer: {
                 let mut ml = GroupLayer::new_master(120.0);
                 ml.layer.id = uuid::Uuid::new_v4();
@@ -452,27 +438,20 @@ impl Document {
     /// Returns the end time of the last clip instance across all layers,
     /// or the document's duration if no clips are found.
     pub fn calculate_timeline_endpoint(&self) -> f64 {
-        let tempo_map = self.tempo_map();
-        // Accumulated in **beats** (as f64, to keep the recursive helper's `Fn(_, f64) -> f64`
-        // signature); converted to seconds once at the return.
         let mut max_end_time: f64 = 0.0;
 
-        // End position of a clip instance, in **beats**. Its trimmed content window is in seconds
-        // (scaled by playback speed), so convert that seconds span to beats via the tempo map — the
-        // old code added a seconds duration straight onto the beats start.
+        // Helper function to calculate the end time of a clip instance
         let calculate_instance_end = |instance: &ClipInstance, clip_duration: f64| -> f64 {
-            let end_beats: Beats = if let Some(timeline_duration) = instance.timeline_duration {
-                instance.timeline_start + timeline_duration
+            let effective_duration = if let Some(timeline_duration) = instance.timeline_duration {
+                // Explicit timeline duration set (may include looping)
+                timeline_duration
             } else {
-                // `clip_duration` arrives as seconds (the recursive helper's signature), so this
-                // path is the wall-clock one; MIDI content would need resolving against its clip.
-                let trim_end = instance.trim_end.map_or(clip_duration, |t| t.raw());
-                let trimmed_secs =
-                    ((trim_end - instance.trim_start.raw()) / instance.playback_speed).max(0.0);
-                let start_secs = tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(instance.timeline_start);
-                tempo_map.seconds_to_beats(start_secs + Seconds(trimmed_secs))
+                // Calculate from trim points
+                let trim_end = instance.trim_end.unwrap_or(clip_duration);
+                let trimmed_duration = trim_end - instance.trim_start;
+                trimmed_duration / instance.playback_speed // Adjust for playback speed
             };
-            end_beats.beats_to_f64()
+            instance.timeline_start + effective_duration
         };
 
         // Iterate through all layers to find the maximum end time
@@ -488,10 +467,8 @@ impl Document {
                 }
                 crate::layer::AnyLayer::Audio(audio_layer) => {
                     for instance in &audio_layer.clip_instances {
-                        // get_clip_duration yields seconds (converting MIDI's beats duration),
-                        // which is what the closure expects.
-                        if let Some(clip_duration) = self.get_clip_duration(&instance.clip_id) {
-                            let end_time = calculate_instance_end(instance, clip_duration.seconds_to_f64());
+                        if let Some(clip) = self.audio_clips.get(&instance.clip_id) {
+                            let end_time = calculate_instance_end(instance, clip.duration);
                             max_end_time = max_end_time.max(end_time);
                         }
                     }
@@ -507,7 +484,7 @@ impl Document {
                 crate::layer::AnyLayer::Effect(effect_layer) => {
                     for instance in &effect_layer.clip_instances {
                         if let Some(clip_duration) = self.get_clip_duration(&instance.clip_id) {
-                            let end_time = calculate_instance_end(instance, clip_duration.seconds_to_f64());
+                            let end_time = calculate_instance_end(instance, clip_duration);
                             max_end_time = max_end_time.max(end_time);
                         }
                     }
@@ -534,8 +511,8 @@ impl Document {
                                 }
                                 crate::layer::AnyLayer::Audio(al) => {
                                     for inst in &al.clip_instances {
-                                        if let Some(clip_duration) = doc.get_clip_duration(&inst.clip_id) {
-                                            *max_end = max_end.max(calc_end(inst, clip_duration.seconds_to_f64()));
+                                        if let Some(clip) = doc.audio_clips.get(&inst.clip_id) {
+                                            *max_end = max_end.max(calc_end(inst, clip.duration));
                                         }
                                     }
                                 }
@@ -549,7 +526,7 @@ impl Document {
                                 crate::layer::AnyLayer::Effect(el) => {
                                     for inst in &el.clip_instances {
                                         if let Some(dur) = doc.get_clip_duration(&inst.clip_id) {
-                                            *max_end = max_end.max(calc_end(inst, dur.seconds_to_f64()));
+                                            *max_end = max_end.max(calc_end(inst, dur));
                                         }
                                     }
                                 }
@@ -567,10 +544,9 @@ impl Document {
             }
         }
 
-        // Return the max end (converting the beats accumulator to seconds), or the document
-        // duration (already seconds) if no clips were found.
+        // Return the maximum end time, or document duration if no clips found
         if max_end_time > 0.0 {
-            tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(Beats(max_end_time)).seconds_to_f64()
+            max_end_time
         } else {
             self.duration
         }
@@ -783,18 +759,16 @@ impl Document {
     }
 
     /// Find the document audio clip (UUID + ref) that owns the given backend pool index.
-    /// A take folder owns one pool file per take, so any of them maps back to the folder.
     pub fn audio_clip_by_pool_index(&self, pool_index: usize) -> Option<(Uuid, &AudioClip)> {
         self.audio_clips.iter()
-            .find(|(_, c)| c.owns_audio_pool_index(pool_index))
+            .find(|(_, c)| c.audio_pool_index() == Some(pool_index))
             .map(|(&id, c)| (id, c))
     }
 
     /// Find the document audio clip (UUID + ref) that owns the given backend MIDI clip ID.
-    /// As above, a take folder owns one MIDI clip per take.
     pub fn audio_clip_by_midi_clip_id(&self, midi_clip_id: u32) -> Option<(Uuid, &AudioClip)> {
         self.audio_clips.iter()
-            .find(|(_, c)| c.owns_midi_clip_id(midi_clip_id))
+            .find(|(_, c)| c.midi_clip_id() == Some(midi_clip_id))
             .map(|(&id, c)| (id, c))
     }
 
@@ -916,94 +890,19 @@ impl Document {
     /// Searches through all clip libraries to find the clip and return its duration.
     /// For effect definitions, returns `EFFECT_DURATION` (f64::MAX) since effects
     /// have infinite internal duration.
-    /// A clip's content duration **in the domain its `trim_start`/`trim_end` are measured in**.
-    ///
-    /// Content time is domain-polymorphic exactly like `AudioClip::duration`: SECONDS for sampled
-    /// audio, video and vector, but BEATS for MIDI. Anything doing arithmetic against a trim value —
-    /// mapping a timeline position into the clip's content, say — has to work in that same domain,
-    /// and [`Self::get_clip_duration`] can't tell it which: that one always converts to seconds.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `None` for unknown clips.
-    pub fn clip_trim_duration(&self, clip_id: &Uuid) -> Option<crate::clip::ClipDuration> {
-        if let Some(clip) = self.audio_clips.get(clip_id) {
-            return Some(clip.content_duration());
-        }
-        // Everything else measures its content in wall-clock seconds.
-        self.get_clip_duration(clip_id).map(crate::clip::ClipDuration::Seconds)
-    }
-
-    /// Find an existing take folder on `layer_id` that a new cycle recording should be appended to.
-    ///
-    /// Cycle-recording over a region that already holds a take folder should ADD to that folder
-    /// rather than drop a second clip on top of it — otherwise the new takes are stranded in a
-    /// separate, overlapping clip and can't be auditioned against the ones already there.
-    ///
-    /// "The same region" means the instance starts at `loop_start` and its folder was recorded
-    /// against the same loop length. Matching the length too means resizing the cycle region starts
-    /// a fresh folder rather than appending takes of a different length to an existing one, which
-    /// would break the uniform-take invariant comping depends on.
-    ///
-    /// `exclude` is the in-progress recording's own instance, which is on the layer but isn't a
-    /// candidate. Returns the instance id.
-    pub fn take_folder_at(
-        &self,
-        layer_id: &Uuid,
-        loop_start: Beats,
-        loop_len: Beats,
-        exclude: &Uuid,
-    ) -> Option<Uuid> {
-        let Some(AnyLayer::Audio(audio_layer)) = self.get_layer(layer_id) else {
-            return None;
-        };
-        const EPS: f64 = 1e-6;
-        audio_layer.clip_instances.iter().find_map(|ci| {
-            if ci.id == *exclude
-                || ci.takes.is_empty()
-                || (ci.timeline_start - loop_start).beats_to_f64().abs() > EPS
-            {
-                return None;
-            }
-            let recorded = ci.recorded_loop_beats?;
-            ((recorded - loop_len).beats_to_f64().abs() < EPS).then_some(ci.id)
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Resolve a [`ContentTime`] (a trim bound) against the clip it belongs to.
-    ///
-    /// The clip is the only thing that knows whether its content is measured in seconds or beats, so
-    /// this is the sanctioned exit from `ContentTime`. Works for every clip kind, not just audio.
-    /// Returns `None` for unknown clips.
-    pub fn resolve_content_time(
-        &self,
-        clip_id: &Uuid,
-        t: daw_backend::ContentTime,
-    ) -> Option<crate::clip::ClipDuration> {
-        if let Some(clip) = self.audio_clips.get(clip_id) {
-            return Some(clip.resolve_content_time(t));
-        }
-        if self.vector_clips.contains_key(clip_id)
-            || self.video_clips.contains_key(clip_id)
-            || self.effect_definitions.contains_key(clip_id)
-        {
-            // Wall-clock content.
-            return Some(crate::clip::ClipDuration::Seconds(Seconds(t.raw())));
-        }
-        None
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_clip_duration(&self, clip_id: &Uuid) -> Option<Seconds> {
+    pub fn get_clip_duration(&self, clip_id: &Uuid) -> Option<f64> {
         if let Some(clip) = self.vector_clips.get(clip_id) {
             if clip.is_group {
-                Some(Seconds(clip.duration))
+                Some(clip.duration)
             } else {
                 let tempo_map = self.tempo_map();
-                Some(Seconds(clip.content_duration_with(self.framerate, tempo_map, |id| {
+                Some(clip.content_duration_with(self.framerate, tempo_map, |id| {
                     // Resolve nested clip durations (audio, video, other vector clips)
                     if let Some(vc) = self.vector_clips.get(id) {
                         // Avoid deep recursion — use stored duration for nested vector clips
                         Some(vc.content_duration(self.framerate, tempo_map))
                     } else if let Some(ac) = self.audio_clips.get(id) {
-                        Some(ac.content_duration().to_seconds(tempo_map).seconds_to_f64())
+                        Some(ac.duration)
                     } else if let Some(vc) = self.video_clips.get(id) {
                         Some(vc.duration)
                     } else if self.effect_definitions.contains_key(id) {
@@ -1011,25 +910,23 @@ impl Document {
                     } else {
                         None
                     }
-                })))
+                }))
             }
         } else if let Some(clip) = self.video_clips.get(clip_id) {
-            Some(Seconds(clip.duration))
+            Some(clip.duration)
         } else if let Some(clip) = self.audio_clips.get(clip_id) {
-            // Interpret the clip's native-domain duration as wall-clock seconds (MIDI stores
-            // beats, sampled stores seconds — content_duration keeps that straight).
-            Some(clip.content_duration().to_seconds(self.tempo_map()))
+            Some(clip.duration)
         } else if self.effect_definitions.contains_key(clip_id) {
             // Effects have infinite internal duration - their timeline length
             // is controlled by ClipInstance.trim_end
-            Some(Seconds(crate::effect::EFFECT_DURATION))
+            Some(crate::effect::EFFECT_DURATION)
         } else {
             None
         }
     }
 
-    /// Calculate the end position of a clip instance on the timeline, in **beats**.
-    pub fn get_clip_instance_end_time(&self, layer_id: &Uuid, instance_id: &Uuid) -> Option<Beats> {
+    /// Calculate the end time of a clip instance on the timeline
+    pub fn get_clip_instance_end_time(&self, layer_id: &Uuid, instance_id: &Uuid) -> Option<f64> {
         let layer = self.get_layer(layer_id)?;
 
         // Find the clip instance
@@ -1044,9 +941,13 @@ impl Document {
         };
 
         let instance = instances.iter().find(|inst| &inst.id == instance_id)?;
-        // The clip's content duration in ITS OWN domain, so the trims resolve correctly for MIDI.
-        let clip_content = self.clip_trim_duration(&instance.clip_id)?;
-        Some(instance.timeline_start + instance.effective_duration_beats(clip_content, self.tempo_map()))
+        let clip_duration = self.get_clip_duration(&instance.clip_id)?;
+
+        let trim_start = instance.trim_start;
+        let trim_end = instance.trim_end.unwrap_or(clip_duration);
+        let effective_duration = trim_end - trim_start;
+
+        Some(instance.timeline_start + effective_duration)
     }
 
     /// Check if a time range overlaps with any existing clip on the layer
@@ -1057,8 +958,8 @@ impl Document {
     pub fn check_overlap_on_layer(
         &self,
         layer_id: &Uuid,
-        start_time: Beats,
-        end_time: Beats,
+        start_time: f64,
+        end_time: f64,
         exclude_instance_ids: &[Uuid],
     ) -> (bool, Option<Uuid>) {
         let Some(layer) = self.get_layer(layer_id) else {
@@ -1086,14 +987,13 @@ impl Document {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            // Calculate instance extent (accounting for loop_before). Content duration in the clip's
-            // own domain, so the trims resolve correctly for MIDI.
-            let Some(clip_content) = self.clip_trim_duration(&instance.clip_id) else {
+            // Calculate instance extent (accounting for loop_before)
+            let Some(clip_duration) = self.get_clip_duration(&instance.clip_id) else {
                 continue;
             };
 
             let instance_start = instance.effective_start();
-            let instance_end = instance.timeline_start + instance.effective_duration(clip_content, self.tempo_map());
+            let instance_end = instance.timeline_start + instance.effective_duration(clip_duration, self.tempo_map());
 
             // Check overlap: start_a < end_b AND start_b < end_a
             if start_time < instance_end && instance_start < end_time {
@@ -1112,14 +1012,14 @@ impl Document {
     pub fn find_nearest_valid_position(
         &self,
         layer_id: &Uuid,
-        desired_start: Beats,
-        clip_duration: Beats,
+        desired_start: f64,
+        clip_duration: f64,
         exclude_instance_ids: &[Uuid],
-    ) -> Option<Beats> {
+    ) -> Option<f64> {
         let layer = self.get_layer(layer_id)?;
 
         // Clamp to timeline start (can't go before 0)
-        let desired_start = desired_start.max(Beats::ZERO);
+        let desired_start = desired_start.max(0.0);
 
         // Vector layers don't need overlap adjustment, but still respect timeline start
         if matches!(layer, AnyLayer::Vector(_) | AnyLayer::Group(_)) {
@@ -1144,13 +1044,13 @@ impl Document {
             AnyLayer::Text(_) => return Some(desired_start), // Text layers don't have own clips
         };
 
-        let mut occupied_ranges: Vec<(Beats, Beats, Uuid)> = Vec::new();
+        let mut occupied_ranges: Vec<(f64, f64, Uuid)> = Vec::new();
         for instance in instances {
             if exclude_instance_ids.contains(&instance.id) {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            if let Some(clip_dur) = self.clip_trim_duration(&instance.clip_id) {
+            if let Some(clip_dur) = self.get_clip_duration(&instance.clip_id) {
                 let inst_start = instance.effective_start();
                 let inst_end = instance.timeline_start + instance.effective_duration(clip_dur, self.tempo_map());
                 occupied_ranges.push((inst_start, inst_end, instance.id));
@@ -1163,7 +1063,7 @@ impl Document {
         // Find the clip we're overlapping with and try both sides, pick nearest
         for (occupied_start, occupied_end, _) in &occupied_ranges {
             if desired_start < *occupied_end && *occupied_start < desired_end {
-                let mut candidates: Vec<Beats> = Vec::new();
+                let mut candidates: Vec<f64> = Vec::new();
 
                 // Try snapping to the right (after this clip)
                 let snap_right = *occupied_end;
@@ -1179,8 +1079,8 @@ impl Document {
                 }
 
                 // Try snapping to the left (before this clip)
-                let snap_left = *occupied_start - clip_duration;
-                if snap_left >= Beats::ZERO {
+                let snap_left = occupied_start - clip_duration;
+                if snap_left >= 0.0 {
                     let (overlaps_left, _) = self.check_overlap_on_layer(
                         layer_id,
                         snap_left,
@@ -1195,8 +1095,8 @@ impl Document {
                 // Pick the candidate closest to desired_start
                 if !candidates.is_empty() {
                     candidates.sort_by(|a, b| {
-                        let dist_a = (*a - desired_start).abs();
-                        let dist_b = (*b - desired_start).abs();
+                        let dist_a = (a - desired_start).abs();
+                        let dist_b = (b - desired_start).abs();
                         dist_a.partial_cmp(&dist_b).unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal)
                     });
                     return Some(candidates[0]);
@@ -1206,7 +1106,7 @@ impl Document {
 
         // If no gap found, try placing at timeline start
         if occupied_ranges.is_empty() || occupied_ranges[0].0 >= clip_duration {
-            return Some(Beats::ZERO);
+            return Some(0.0);
         }
 
         // No valid position found
@@ -1218,9 +1118,9 @@ impl Document {
     pub fn clamp_group_move_offset(
         &self,
         layer_id: &Uuid,
-        group: &[(Uuid, Beats, Beats)], // (instance_id, timeline_start, effective_duration) in beats
-        desired_offset: Beats,
-    ) -> Beats {
+        group: &[(Uuid, f64, f64)], // (instance_id, timeline_start, effective_duration)
+        desired_offset: f64,
+    ) -> f64 {
         let Some(layer) = self.get_layer(layer_id) else {
             return desired_offset;
         };
@@ -1240,13 +1140,13 @@ impl Document {
             AnyLayer::Text(_) => &[],
         };
 
-        // Collect non-group clip ranges (beats)
-        let mut non_group: Vec<(Beats, Beats)> = Vec::new();
+        // Collect non-group clip ranges
+        let mut non_group: Vec<(f64, f64)> = Vec::new();
         for inst in instances {
             if group_ids.contains(&inst.id) {
                 continue;
             }
-            if let Some(dur) = self.clip_trim_duration(&inst.clip_id) {
+            if let Some(dur) = self.get_clip_duration(&inst.clip_id) {
                 let start = inst.effective_start();
                 let end = inst.timeline_start + inst.effective_duration(dur, self.tempo_map());
                 non_group.push((start, end));
@@ -1263,12 +1163,12 @@ impl Document {
 
             // Check against non-group clips
             for &(ns, ne) in &non_group {
-                if clamped < Beats::ZERO {
+                if clamped < 0.0 {
                     // Moving left: if non-group clip end is between our destination and current start
                     if ne <= start && ne > start + clamped {
                         clamped = clamped.max(ne - start);
                     }
-                } else if clamped > Beats::ZERO {
+                } else if clamped > 0.0 {
                     // Moving right: if non-group clip start is between our current end and destination
                     if ns >= end && ns < end + clamped {
                         clamped = clamped.min(ns - end);
@@ -1284,25 +1184,23 @@ impl Document {
     ///
     /// Returns the distance to the nearest clip to the left, or the distance to
     /// timeline start (0.0) if no clips exist to the left.
-    /// Returns the max leftward trim extension as a content-seconds span (the wall-clock
-    /// length of the timeline gap to the previous clip); the trim domain is seconds.
     pub fn find_max_trim_extend_left(
         &self,
         layer_id: &Uuid,
         instance_id: &Uuid,
-        current_timeline_start: Beats,
-    ) -> Seconds {
+        current_timeline_start: f64,
+    ) -> f64 {
         let Some(layer) = self.get_layer(layer_id) else {
-            return self.tempo_map().beats_to_seconds(current_timeline_start); // No limit if layer not found
+            return current_timeline_start; // No limit if layer not found
         };
 
         // Only check audio, video, and effect layers
         if matches!(layer, AnyLayer::Vector(_) | AnyLayer::Group(_)) {
-            return self.tempo_map().beats_to_seconds(current_timeline_start); // No limit for vector/group layers
+            return current_timeline_start; // No limit for vector/group layers
         };
 
         // Find the nearest clip to the left
-        let mut nearest_end = Beats::ZERO; // Can extend to timeline start by default
+        let mut nearest_end = 0.0; // Can extend to timeline start by default
 
         let instances: &[ClipInstance] = match layer {
             AnyLayer::Audio(audio) => &audio.clip_instances,
@@ -1320,7 +1218,7 @@ impl Document {
             }
 
             // Calculate other clip's extent (accounting for loop_before)
-            if let Some(clip_duration) = self.clip_trim_duration(&other.clip_id) {
+            if let Some(clip_duration) = self.get_clip_duration(&other.clip_id) {
                 let other_end = other.timeline_start + other.effective_duration(clip_duration, self.tempo_map());
 
                 // If this clip is to the left and closer than current nearest
@@ -1330,27 +1228,27 @@ impl Document {
             }
         }
 
-        self.tempo_map().beats_to_seconds(current_timeline_start) - self.tempo_map().beats_to_seconds(nearest_end)
+        current_timeline_start - nearest_end
     }
 
-    /// Find the maximum amount we can extend a clip to the right without overlapping.
+    /// Find the maximum amount we can extend a clip to the right without overlapping
     ///
-    /// Returns the content-seconds span of the timeline gap to the nearest clip on the
-    /// right, or Seconds(f64::MAX) if none. `current_effective_duration` is beats (timeline).
+    /// Returns the distance to the nearest clip to the right, or f64::MAX if no
+    /// clips exist to the right.
     pub fn find_max_trim_extend_right(
         &self,
         layer_id: &Uuid,
         instance_id: &Uuid,
-        current_timeline_start: Beats,
-        current_effective_duration: Beats,
-    ) -> Seconds {
+        current_timeline_start: f64,
+        current_effective_duration: f64,
+    ) -> f64 {
         let Some(layer) = self.get_layer(layer_id) else {
-            return Seconds(f64::MAX); // No limit if layer not found
+            return f64::MAX; // No limit if layer not found
         };
 
         // Only check audio, video, and effect layers
         if matches!(layer, AnyLayer::Vector(_) | AnyLayer::Group(_)) {
-            return Seconds(f64::MAX); // No limit for vector/group layers
+            return f64::MAX; // No limit for vector/group layers
         }
 
         let instances: &[ClipInstance] = match layer {
@@ -1363,7 +1261,7 @@ impl Document {
             AnyLayer::Text(_) => &[],
         };
 
-        let mut nearest_start = Beats(f64::MAX);
+        let mut nearest_start = f64::MAX;
         let current_end = current_timeline_start + current_effective_duration;
 
         for other in instances {
@@ -1378,11 +1276,10 @@ impl Document {
             }
         }
 
-        if nearest_start == Beats(f64::MAX) {
-            Seconds(f64::MAX) // No clip to the right, can extend freely
+        if nearest_start == f64::MAX {
+            f64::MAX // No clip to the right, can extend freely
         } else {
-            // Gap between our end and next clip's start, as content seconds.
-            (self.tempo_map().beats_to_seconds(nearest_start) - self.tempo_map().beats_to_seconds(current_end)).max(Seconds::ZERO)
+            (nearest_start - current_end).max(0.0) // Gap between our end and next clip's start
         }
     }
     /// Find the maximum amount we can extend loop_before to the left without overlapping.
@@ -1392,8 +1289,8 @@ impl Document {
         &self,
         layer_id: &Uuid,
         instance_id: &Uuid,
-        current_effective_start: Beats,
-    ) -> Beats {
+        current_effective_start: f64,
+    ) -> f64 {
         let Some(layer) = self.get_layer(layer_id) else {
             return current_effective_start;
         };
@@ -1412,14 +1309,14 @@ impl Document {
             AnyLayer::Text(_) => &[],
         };
 
-        let mut nearest_end = Beats::ZERO;
+        let mut nearest_end = 0.0;
 
         for other in instances {
             if &other.id == instance_id {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            if let Some(clip_duration) = self.clip_trim_duration(&other.clip_id) {
+            if let Some(clip_duration) = self.get_clip_duration(&other.clip_id) {
                 let other_end = other.timeline_start + other.effective_duration(clip_duration, self.tempo_map());
 
                 if other_end <= current_effective_start && other_end > nearest_end {

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/effect.rs

@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ impl EffectDefinition {
     ///
     /// * `timeline_start` - When the effect starts on the timeline (seconds)
     /// * `duration` - How long the effect appears on the timeline (seconds)
-    pub fn create_instance(&self, timeline_start: daw_backend::Beats, duration: daw_backend::Beats) -> ClipInstance {
+    pub fn create_instance(&self, timeline_start: f64, duration: f64) -> ClipInstance {
         ClipInstance::new(self.id)
             .with_timeline_start(timeline_start)
             .with_timeline_duration(duration)

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/effect_layer.rs

@@ -148,16 +148,11 @@ impl EffectLayer {
     /// `timeline_start` (beats) to seconds for comparison.
     pub fn active_clip_instances_at(&self, time_secs: f64, tempo_map: &crate::tempo_map::TempoMap) -> Vec<&ClipInstance> {
         use crate::effect::EFFECT_DURATION;
-        let time_beats = tempo_map.seconds_to_beats(daw_backend::Seconds(time_secs));
+        let time_beats = tempo_map.inverse_transform(time_secs);
         self.clip_instances
             .iter()
             .filter(|e| {
-                // Effects have an "infinite" wall-clock content length.
-                let end = e.timeline_start
-                    + e.effective_duration(
-                        crate::clip::ClipDuration::Seconds(daw_backend::Seconds(EFFECT_DURATION)),
-                        tempo_map,
-                    );
+                let end = e.timeline_start + e.effective_duration(EFFECT_DURATION, tempo_map);
                 time_beats >= e.timeline_start && time_beats < end
             })
             .collect()
@@ -223,7 +218,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_add_effect() {
         let mut layer = EffectLayer::new("Effects");
         let def = create_test_effect_def();
-        let effect = def.create_instance(daw_backend::Beats(0.0), daw_backend::Beats(10.0));
+        let effect = def.create_instance(0.0, 10.0);
         let effect_id = effect.id;
 
         let id = layer.add_clip_instance(effect);
@@ -238,11 +233,11 @@ mod tests {
         let def = create_test_effect_def();
 
         // Effect 1: active from 0 to 5
-        let effect1 = def.create_instance(daw_backend::Beats(0.0), daw_backend::Beats(5.0));
+        let effect1 = def.create_instance(0.0, 5.0);
         layer.add_clip_instance(effect1);
 
         // Effect 2: active from 3 to 10
-        let effect2 = def.create_instance(daw_backend::Beats(3.0), daw_backend::Beats(7.0)); // 3.0 + 7.0 = 10.0 end
+        let effect2 = def.create_instance(3.0, 7.0); // 3.0 + 7.0 = 10.0 end
         layer.add_clip_instance(effect2);
 
         // At 60 BPM the tempo map is identity (1 beat == 1 second), so the
@@ -264,11 +259,11 @@ mod tests {
         let mut layer = EffectLayer::new("Effects");
         let def = create_test_effect_def();
 
-        let effect1 = def.create_instance(daw_backend::Beats(0.0), daw_backend::Beats(10.0));
+        let effect1 = def.create_instance(0.0, 10.0);
         let id1 = effect1.id;
         layer.add_clip_instance(effect1);
 
-        let effect2 = def.create_instance(daw_backend::Beats(0.0), daw_backend::Beats(10.0));
+        let effect2 = def.create_instance(0.0, 10.0);
         let id2 = effect2.id;
         layer.add_clip_instance(effect2);
 

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/export.rs

@@ -51,54 +51,6 @@ impl AudioFormat {
     }
 }
 
-/// Optional tag metadata written into the exported audio file. Empty fields are omitted. FFmpeg
-/// maps these standard keys to each container's native tags: ID3v2 (MP3), iTunes/MP4 atoms (M4A),
-/// Vorbis comments (FLAC), and RIFF INFO (WAV).
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct AudioMetadata {
-    pub title: String,
-    pub artist: String,
-    pub album: String,
-    pub genre: String,
-    pub comment: String,
-    /// Year or full date (written to the `date` tag).
-    pub year: String,
-    /// Track number (written to the `track` tag).
-    pub track: String,
-}
-
-impl AudioMetadata {
-    /// True when no field is set (so no metadata need be written).
-    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        self.title.is_empty()
-            && self.artist.is_empty()
-            && self.album.is_empty()
-            && self.genre.is_empty()
-            && self.comment.is_empty()
-            && self.year.is_empty()
-            && self.track.is_empty()
-    }
-
-    /// The set (ffmpeg-key, value) pairs for non-empty fields, in a stable order.
-    pub fn pairs(&self) -> Vec<(&'static str, &str)> {
-        let mut v = Vec::new();
-        for (key, val) in [
-            ("title", &self.title),
-            ("artist", &self.artist),
-            ("album", &self.album),
-            ("genre", &self.genre),
-            ("comment", &self.comment),
-            ("date", &self.year),
-            ("track", &self.track),
-        ] {
-            if !val.is_empty() {
-                v.push((key, val.as_str()));
-            }
-        }
-        v
-    }
-}
-
 /// Audio export settings
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct AudioExportSettings {
@@ -127,10 +79,6 @@ pub struct AudioExportSettings {
 
     /// Project BPM (for beat-position scheduling during export)
     pub bpm: f64,
-
-    /// Tag metadata (title/artist/…) written into the file. Empty = none.
-    #[serde(default)]
-    pub metadata: AudioMetadata,
 }
 
 impl Default for AudioExportSettings {
@@ -144,7 +92,6 @@ impl Default for AudioExportSettings {
             start_time: 0.0,
             end_time: 60.0,
             bpm: 120.0,
-            metadata: AudioMetadata::default(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -596,82 +543,6 @@ impl ImageExportSettings {
     }
 }
 
-// ── Animated GIF export ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-/// Settings for exporting an animated GIF (multi-frame, palette-quantized, no audio).
-///
-/// GIF stores a per-frame delay in centiseconds (1/100 s), so effective frame rate is quantized to
-/// whole centiseconds — [`Self::frame_delay_ms`] rounds accordingly and the dialog offers sensible
-/// GIF rates. Each frame is quantized to a 256-color palette by the encoder.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct GifExportSettings {
-    /// Output width in pixels (None = use document width).
-    pub width: Option<u32>,
-    /// Output height in pixels (None = use document height).
-    pub height: Option<u32>,
-    /// Frame rate (fps). Snapped to whole-centisecond delays at encode time.
-    pub framerate: f64,
-    /// Loop the animation forever (GIF `NETSCAPE2.0` infinite loop). False = play once.
-    pub loop_forever: bool,
-    /// Preserve full alpha as GIF 1-bit transparency (pixels below the alpha threshold become the
-    /// transparent index). When false, frames are composited onto an opaque background first.
-    pub transparency: bool,
-    /// How the document is fit into the output frame when aspect ratios differ (default Letterbox).
-    #[serde(default)]
-    pub fit: ExportFitMode,
-    /// Start time in seconds.
-    pub start_time: f64,
-    /// End time in seconds.
-    pub end_time: f64,
-}
-
-impl Default for GifExportSettings {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            width: None,
-            height: None,
-            framerate: 15.0,
-            loop_forever: true,
-            transparency: false,
-            fit: ExportFitMode::Letterbox,
-            start_time: 0.0,
-            end_time: 5.0,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl GifExportSettings {
-    pub fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), String> {
-        if let Some(w) = self.width  { if w == 0 { return Err("Width must be > 0".into());  } }
-        if let Some(h) = self.height { if h == 0 { return Err("Height must be > 0".into()); } }
-        if self.framerate <= 0.0 {
-            return Err("Framerate must be greater than 0".into());
-        }
-        if self.start_time < 0.0 {
-            return Err("Start time cannot be negative".into());
-        }
-        if self.end_time <= self.start_time {
-            return Err("End time must be greater than start time".into());
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Duration in seconds.
-    pub fn duration(&self) -> f64 { self.end_time - self.start_time }
-
-    /// Total number of frames to render.
-    pub fn total_frames(&self) -> usize {
-        (self.duration() * self.framerate).ceil().max(1.0) as usize
-    }
-
-    /// Per-frame delay in milliseconds, from the framerate (GIF stores this at centisecond
-    /// resolution, so the effective rate is snapped to the nearest 10 ms, min 10 ms).
-    pub fn frame_delay_ms(&self) -> u32 {
-        let ms = 1000.0 / self.framerate;
-        ((ms / 10.0).round().max(1.0) * 10.0) as u32
-    }
-}
-
 /// Progress updates during export
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum ExportProgress {
@@ -857,33 +728,6 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(settings.total_frames(), 300);
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn test_gif_frame_delay_and_frames() {
-        // Frame rates that map to clean centisecond delays.
-        let mk = |fps: f64| GifExportSettings { framerate: fps, ..Default::default() };
-        assert_eq!(mk(10.0).frame_delay_ms(), 100); // 100 ms
-        assert_eq!(mk(20.0).frame_delay_ms(), 50);  // 50 ms
-        assert_eq!(mk(50.0).frame_delay_ms(), 20);  // 20 ms
-        // 15 fps = 66.6 ms rounds to 70 ms (7 cs); 25 fps = 40 ms.
-        assert_eq!(mk(15.0).frame_delay_ms(), 70);
-        assert_eq!(mk(25.0).frame_delay_ms(), 40);
-        // Very high fps clamps to the 10 ms minimum (1 cs).
-        assert_eq!(mk(1000.0).frame_delay_ms(), 10);
-
-        let settings = GifExportSettings { framerate: 20.0, start_time: 0.0, end_time: 3.0, ..Default::default() };
-        assert_eq!(settings.total_frames(), 60);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_gif_validate() {
-        let mut s = GifExportSettings::default();
-        assert!(s.validate().is_ok());
-        s.framerate = 0.0;
-        assert!(s.validate().is_err());
-        s = GifExportSettings { start_time: 5.0, end_time: 2.0, ..Default::default() };
-        assert!(s.validate().is_err());
-    }
-
     #[test]
     fn test_export_progress_percentage() {
         let progress = ExportProgress::FrameRendered { frame: 50, total: 100 };

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/file_io.rs

@@ -399,29 +399,16 @@ pub fn save_beam(
     }
 
     // --- raster keyframes -> media rows (PNG), keyed by keyframe id ---
-    // Incremental: only (re)encode a keyframe whose pixels changed since the last save.
-    // `kf.dirty` means "current pixels are not yet in the container" (set on any edit,
-    // cleared on a successful save — see main.rs); a clean frame already stored is kept
-    // in place, skipping the PNG re-encode of every resident frame on every save.
+    // (Phase 0 writes all resident frames each save; a disk-dirty flag to skip
+    // unchanged frames in place is deferred to Phase 3.)
     // Walk ALL layers (incl. nested in groups/clips) so nested raster keyframes
     // are persisted too, and so `live_media` covers them — matching the load path,
     // which arms `needs_fault_in` recursively. Top-level-only projects are unaffected.
     let mut raster_count = 0usize;
-    let mut raster_skipped = 0usize;
     for layer in document.all_layers() {
         if let crate::layer::AnyLayer::Raster(rl) = layer {
             for kf in &rl.keyframes {
                 if !kf.raw_pixels.is_empty() {
-                    // Clean + already stored → keep the existing full + proxy rows untouched.
-                    if !kf.dirty && txn.media_exists(kf.id)? {
-                        live_media.insert(kf.id);
-                        let proxy_id = raster_proxy_media_id(kf.id);
-                        if txn.media_exists(proxy_id)? {
-                            live_media.insert(proxy_id);
-                        }
-                        raster_skipped += 1;
-                        continue;
-                    }
                     let img =
                         crate::brush_engine::image_from_raw(kf.raw_pixels.clone(), kf.width, kf.height);
                     match crate::brush_engine::encode_png(&img) {
@@ -621,10 +608,9 @@ pub fn save_beam(
     }
 
     eprintln!(
-        "📊 [SAVE_BEAM] ✅ Saved {} audio + {} raster media ({} unchanged frames skipped), {} orphans removed, in {:.2}ms",
+        "📊 [SAVE_BEAM] ✅ Saved {} audio + {} raster media, {} orphans removed, in {:.2}ms",
         audio_pool_entries.len(),
         raster_count,
-        raster_skipped,
         removed,
         fn_start.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0
     );

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/hit_test.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //! Provides functions for testing if points or rectangles intersect with
 //! vector graph elements and clip instances, taking into account transform hierarchies.
 
-use crate::clip::{ClipDuration, ClipInstance};
+use crate::clip::ClipInstance;
 use crate::vector_graph::{VertexId, EdgeId, FillId};
 use crate::layer::VectorLayer;
 use crate::shape::Shape;
@@ -260,20 +260,16 @@ pub fn hit_test_clip_instances(
     for clip_instance in clip_instances.iter().rev() {
         // Check time bounds: skip clip instances not active at this time
         // timeline_start/instance_end are in beats; convert timeline_time (seconds) to beats.
-        // Hit-testing runs on vector/raster content, which is wall-clock seconds.
-        let clip_duration = ClipDuration::Seconds(
-            document.get_clip_duration(&clip_instance.clip_id).unwrap_or(daw_backend::Seconds::ZERO),
-        );
+        let clip_duration = document.get_clip_duration(&clip_instance.clip_id).unwrap_or(0.0);
         let instance_end = clip_instance.timeline_start + clip_instance.effective_duration(clip_duration, tempo_map);
-        let timeline_beats = tempo_map.seconds_to_beats(daw_backend::Seconds(timeline_time));
+        let timeline_beats = tempo_map.inverse_transform(timeline_time);
         if timeline_beats < clip_instance.timeline_start || timeline_beats >= instance_end {
             continue;
         }
 
         // clip_time is in seconds; offset from clip start (in seconds) + trim_start (seconds)
-        let start_secs = tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(clip_instance.timeline_start).seconds_to_f64();
-        let clip_time =
-            ((timeline_time - start_secs) * clip_instance.playback_speed) + clip_instance.trim_start.raw();
+        let start_secs = tempo_map.transform(clip_instance.timeline_start);
+        let clip_time = ((timeline_time - start_secs) * clip_instance.playback_speed) + clip_instance.trim_start;
 
         let content_bounds = if let Some(vector_clip) = document.get_vector_clip(&clip_instance.clip_id) {
             vector_clip.calculate_content_bounds(document, clip_time)
@@ -308,19 +304,15 @@ pub fn hit_test_clip_instances_in_rect(
     for clip_instance in clip_instances {
         // Check time bounds: skip clip instances not active at this time
         // timeline_start/instance_end are in beats; convert timeline_time (seconds) to beats.
-        // Hit-testing runs on vector/raster content, which is wall-clock seconds.
-        let clip_duration = ClipDuration::Seconds(
-            document.get_clip_duration(&clip_instance.clip_id).unwrap_or(daw_backend::Seconds::ZERO),
-        );
+        let clip_duration = document.get_clip_duration(&clip_instance.clip_id).unwrap_or(0.0);
         let instance_end = clip_instance.timeline_start + clip_instance.effective_duration(clip_duration, tempo_map);
-        let timeline_beats = tempo_map.seconds_to_beats(daw_backend::Seconds(timeline_time));
+        let timeline_beats = tempo_map.inverse_transform(timeline_time);
         if timeline_beats < clip_instance.timeline_start || timeline_beats >= instance_end {
             continue;
         }
 
-        let start_secs = tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(clip_instance.timeline_start).seconds_to_f64();
-        let clip_time =
-            ((timeline_time - start_secs) * clip_instance.playback_speed) + clip_instance.trim_start.raw();
+        let start_secs = tempo_map.transform(clip_instance.timeline_start);
+        let clip_time = ((timeline_time - start_secs) * clip_instance.playback_speed) + clip_instance.trim_start;
 
         let content_bounds = if let Some(vector_clip) = document.get_vector_clip(&clip_instance.clip_id) {
             vector_clip.calculate_content_bounds(document, clip_time)

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/renderer.rs

@@ -9,9 +9,8 @@
 //! The compositing mode enables proper per-layer opacity, blend modes, and effects.
 
 use crate::animation::TransformProperty;
-use crate::clip::{ClipDuration, ClipInstance, ImageAsset};
+use crate::clip::{ClipInstance, ImageAsset};
 use crate::document::Document;
-use daw_backend::Seconds;
 use crate::gpu::BlendMode;
 use crate::layer::{AnyLayer, LayerTrait, VectorLayer};
 use kurbo::Affine;
@@ -568,8 +567,7 @@ pub fn render_layer_isolated(
             let tempo_map = document.tempo_map();
             for clip_instance in &video_layer.clip_instances {
                 let Some(video_clip) = document.video_clips.get(&clip_instance.clip_id) else { continue };
-                let Some(clip_time) = clip_instance.remap_time(Seconds(time), ClipDuration::Seconds(Seconds(video_clip.duration)), tempo_map) else { continue };
-                let clip_time = clip_time.seconds_to_f64();
+                let Some(clip_time) = clip_instance.remap_time(time, video_clip.duration, tempo_map) else { continue };
                 let Some(frame) = video_mgr.get_frame(&clip_instance.clip_id, clip_time, target_w, target_h) else { continue };
 
                 // Evaluate animated transform properties.
@@ -977,7 +975,7 @@ pub fn render_single_clip_instance(
         .filter(|vc| vc.is_group)
         .map(|_| {
             let frame_duration = 1.0 / document.framerate;
-            vector_layer.group_visibility_end(&clip_instance.id, document.tempo_map().beats_to_seconds(clip_instance.timeline_start).seconds_to_f64(), frame_duration)
+            vector_layer.group_visibility_end(&clip_instance.id, clip_instance.timeline_start, frame_duration)
         });
 
     render_clip_instance(
@@ -1012,21 +1010,18 @@ fn render_clip_instance(
     let clip_time = if vector_clip.is_group {
         // Groups are static — visible from timeline_start to the next keyframe boundary.
         // timeline_start is in beats; group_end_time is in seconds (render time).
-        let start_secs = tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(clip_instance.timeline_start).seconds_to_f64();
+        let start_secs = tempo_map.transform(clip_instance.timeline_start);
         let end = group_end_time.unwrap_or(start_secs);
         if time < start_secs || time >= end {
             return;
         }
         0.0
     } else {
-        // A vector clip's content is wall-clock seconds.
-        let clip_dur = ClipDuration::Seconds(
-            document.get_clip_duration(&vector_clip.id).unwrap_or(Seconds(vector_clip.duration)),
-        );
-        let Some(t) = clip_instance.remap_time(Seconds(time), clip_dur, tempo_map) else {
+        let clip_dur = document.get_clip_duration(&vector_clip.id).unwrap_or(vector_clip.duration);
+        let Some(t) = clip_instance.remap_time(time, clip_dur, tempo_map) else {
             return; // Clip instance not active at this time
         };
-        t.seconds_to_f64()
+        t
     };
 
     // Evaluate animated transform properties
@@ -1177,10 +1172,9 @@ fn render_video_layer(
 
         // Remap timeline time to clip's internal time
         let tempo_map = document.tempo_map();
-        let Some(clip_time) = clip_instance.remap_time(Seconds(time), ClipDuration::Seconds(Seconds(video_clip.duration)), tempo_map) else {
+        let Some(clip_time) = clip_instance.remap_time(time, video_clip.duration, tempo_map) else {
             continue; // Clip instance not active at this time
         };
-        let clip_time = clip_time.seconds_to_f64();
 
         // Get video frame from VideoManager at the output (export/preview) resolution.
         let (target_w, target_h) = video_decode_target(document, base_transform);
@@ -1574,7 +1568,7 @@ fn render_vector_layer(
             .filter(|vc| vc.is_group)
             .map(|_| {
                 let frame_duration = 1.0 / document.framerate;
-                layer.group_visibility_end(&clip_instance.id, document.tempo_map().beats_to_seconds(clip_instance.timeline_start).seconds_to_f64(), frame_duration)
+                layer.group_visibility_end(&clip_instance.id, clip_instance.timeline_start, frame_duration)
             });
         render_clip_instance(document, time, clip_instance, layer_opacity, scene, base_transform, &layer.layer.animation_data, image_cache, video_manager, group_end_time, extract.as_deref_mut());
     }
@@ -1883,7 +1877,7 @@ fn render_vector_layer_cpu(
             .filter(|vc| vc.is_group)
             .map(|_| {
                 let frame_duration = 1.0 / document.framerate;
-                layer.group_visibility_end(&clip_instance.id, document.tempo_map().beats_to_seconds(clip_instance.timeline_start).seconds_to_f64(), frame_duration)
+                layer.group_visibility_end(&clip_instance.id, clip_instance.timeline_start, frame_duration)
             });
         render_clip_instance_cpu(
             document, time, clip_instance, layer_opacity, pixmap, base_transform,
@@ -1908,17 +1902,14 @@ fn render_clip_instance_cpu(
 
     let tempo_map = document.tempo_map();
     let clip_time = if vector_clip.is_group {
-        let start_secs = tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(clip_instance.timeline_start).seconds_to_f64();
+        let start_secs = tempo_map.transform(clip_instance.timeline_start);
         let end = group_end_time.unwrap_or(start_secs);
         if time < start_secs || time >= end { return; }
         0.0
     } else {
-        // A vector clip's content is wall-clock seconds.
-        let clip_dur = ClipDuration::Seconds(
-            document.get_clip_duration(&vector_clip.id).unwrap_or(Seconds(vector_clip.duration)),
-        );
-        let Some(t) = clip_instance.remap_time(Seconds(time), clip_dur, tempo_map) else { return };
-        t.seconds_to_f64()
+        let clip_dur = document.get_clip_duration(&vector_clip.id).unwrap_or(vector_clip.duration);
+        let Some(t) = clip_instance.remap_time(time, clip_dur, tempo_map) else { return };
+        t
     };
 
     let transform = &clip_instance.transform;

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-core/src/svg_export.rs

@@ -232,9 +232,8 @@ use crate::vector_graph::{FillId, VectorGraph};
 use kurbo::{BezPath, PathEl, Rect, Shape};
 
 /// Serialize the document's **vector** content to a standalone SVG string, at document time `time`.
-/// Vector layers, groups of them, and text layers (as real glyph outlines) — raster/video/audio/
-/// effect layers are skipped (a later pass can rasterize them to `<image>`). Animation is a single
-/// static frame at `time`.
+/// Vector layers (and groups of them) only — raster/video/audio/effect layers are skipped (a later
+/// pass can rasterize them to `<image>`). Animation is a single static frame at `time`.
 pub fn document_to_svg(document: &Document, time: f64) -> String {
     let (w, h) = (document.width, document.height);
     let mut defs = String::new();
@@ -301,136 +300,11 @@ fn layer_to_svg(layer: &AnyLayer, time: f64, parent_opacity: f64, body: &mut Str
                 body.push_str("</g>");
             }
         }
-        AnyLayer::Text(tl) => text_layer_to_svg(tl, time, parent_opacity, body),
         // Raster/Video/Audio/Effect have no lossless vector representation — skipped this pass.
         _ => {}
     }
 }
 
-/// A skrifa outline pen that appends transformed glyph contours to an SVG path `d` string.
-///
-/// skrifa emits outline points in y-up pixel space (origin at the glyph baseline); this maps each
-/// point into document space: `x = gx + px + skew·py`, `y = gy − py` (Y flips, `skew` applies any
-/// synthetic-italic slant), where `(gx, gy)` is the glyph's document-space pen position.
-struct SvgOutlinePen<'a> {
-    gx: f64,
-    gy: f64,
-    skew: f64,
-    d: &'a mut String,
-}
-
-impl<'a> SvgOutlinePen<'a> {
-    fn map(&self, px: f32, py: f32) -> (f64, f64) {
-        let (px, py) = (px as f64, py as f64);
-        (self.gx + px + self.skew * py, self.gy - py)
-    }
-}
-
-impl skrifa::outline::OutlinePen for SvgOutlinePen<'_> {
-    fn move_to(&mut self, x: f32, y: f32) {
-        let (x, y) = self.map(x, y);
-        self.d.push_str(&format!("M{x:.2} {y:.2}"));
-    }
-    fn line_to(&mut self, x: f32, y: f32) {
-        let (x, y) = self.map(x, y);
-        self.d.push_str(&format!("L{x:.2} {y:.2}"));
-    }
-    fn quad_to(&mut self, cx: f32, cy: f32, x: f32, y: f32) {
-        let (cx, cy) = self.map(cx, cy);
-        let (x, y) = self.map(x, y);
-        self.d.push_str(&format!("Q{cx:.2} {cy:.2} {x:.2} {y:.2}"));
-    }
-    fn curve_to(&mut self, c0x: f32, c0y: f32, c1x: f32, c1y: f32, x: f32, y: f32) {
-        let (c0x, c0y) = self.map(c0x, c0y);
-        let (c1x, c1y) = self.map(c1x, c1y);
-        let (x, y) = self.map(x, y);
-        self.d.push_str(&format!("C{c0x:.2} {c0y:.2} {c1x:.2} {c1y:.2} {x:.2} {y:.2}"));
-    }
-    fn close(&mut self) {
-        self.d.push('Z');
-    }
-}
-
-/// Append a text layer's glyphs to `body` as a single filled `<path>` of real glyph outlines
-/// (lossless — no font dependency in the SVG). Lays the text out with the same parley path the
-/// renderer uses, then extracts each glyph's outline with skrifa. Variable-font axis positions and
-/// synthetic-italic skew are honored; synthetic bold is not (rare).
-fn text_layer_to_svg(
-    tl: &crate::text_layer::TextLayer,
-    time: f64,
-    parent_opacity: f64,
-    body: &mut String,
-) {
-    use skrifa::MetadataProvider;
-
-    if !tl.layer.visible {
-        return;
-    }
-    let content = tl.content_at(time);
-    if content.text.is_empty() {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    let (ox, oy) = (tl.box_origin.x, tl.box_origin.y);
-    let mut d = String::new();
-
-    crate::fonts::with_layout(content, tl.box_width as f32, |layout| {
-        for line in layout.lines() {
-            for item in line.items() {
-                let parley::PositionedLayoutItem::GlyphRun(glyph_run) = item else { continue };
-                let run = glyph_run.run();
-                let font = run.font();
-                let font_size = run.font_size();
-                let skew = run
-                    .synthesis()
-                    .skew()
-                    .map(|angle| (angle as f64).to_radians().tan())
-                    .unwrap_or(0.0);
-
-                let Ok(font_ref) = skrifa::FontRef::from_index(font.data.data(), font.index) else {
-                    continue;
-                };
-                let outlines = font_ref.outline_glyphs();
-
-                // Variable-font axis position for this run (empty for static fonts).
-                let coords: Vec<skrifa::instance::NormalizedCoord> = run
-                    .normalized_coords()
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|&c| skrifa::instance::NormalizedCoord::from_bits(c))
-                    .collect();
-                let location = skrifa::instance::LocationRef::new(&coords);
-                let size = skrifa::instance::Size::new(font_size);
-
-                for g in glyph_run.positioned_glyphs() {
-                    let Some(glyph) = outlines.get(skrifa::GlyphId::new(g.id as u32)) else {
-                        continue;
-                    };
-                    let mut pen = SvgOutlinePen {
-                        gx: ox + g.x as f64,
-                        gy: oy + g.y as f64,
-                        skew,
-                        d: &mut d,
-                    };
-                    let settings = skrifa::outline::DrawSettings::unhinted(size, location);
-                    let _ = glyph.draw(settings, &mut pen);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    });
-
-    if d.is_empty() {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    let [r, g, b, a] = content.color;
-    let to_u8 = |c: f32| (c.clamp(0.0, 1.0) * 255.0).round() as u8;
-    let fill_opacity = (a as f64 * parent_opacity * tl.layer.opacity).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
-    body.push_str(&format!(
-        r#"<path fill="rgb({},{},{})" fill-opacity="{:.4}" fill-rule="nonzero" d="{}"/>"#,
-        to_u8(r), to_u8(g), to_u8(b), fill_opacity, d
-    ));
-}
-
 /// Emit a vector graph's fills (`<path fill>`) and stroked edges (`<path stroke>`) into `body`,
 /// accumulating any gradients into `defs`. Geometry is in document space (no per-layer transform).
 fn vector_graph_to_svg(graph: &VectorGraph, body: &mut String, defs: &mut String, grad_n: &mut usize) {
@@ -614,58 +488,4 @@ mod export_tests {
         // 1 fill path + 3 stroked edges = 4 <path> elements.
         assert_eq!(body.matches("<path").count(), 4, "{body}");
     }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn outline_pen_maps_yflip_and_skew() {
-        use skrifa::outline::OutlinePen;
-        let mut d = String::new();
-        {
-            let mut pen = SvgOutlinePen { gx: 10.0, gy: 100.0, skew: 0.0, d: &mut d };
-            pen.move_to(0.0, 0.0); // baseline origin → (10, 100)
-            pen.line_to(5.0, 20.0); // 20 up → y = 100 − 20 = 80
-            pen.close();
-        }
-        assert!(d.contains("M10.00 100.00"), "d={d}");
-        assert!(d.contains("L15.00 80.00"), "d={d}");
-        assert!(d.ends_with('Z'));
-
-        // Synthetic-italic skew shifts x right in proportion to height.
-        let mut d2 = String::new();
-        {
-            let mut pen = SvgOutlinePen { gx: 0.0, gy: 0.0, skew: 0.5, d: &mut d2 };
-            pen.move_to(0.0, 10.0); // x = 0 + 0.5·10 = 5, y = −10
-        }
-        assert!(d2.contains("M5.00 -10.00"), "d={d2}");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn text_layer_emits_real_glyph_outlines() {
-        use crate::text_layer::TextLayer;
-
-        let mut tl = TextLayer::new("t", Point::new(20.0, 60.0));
-        tl.content.text = "Hi".to_string();
-        tl.content.font_size = 48.0;
-        tl.content.color = [1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0];
-
-        let mut body = String::new();
-        text_layer_to_svg(&tl, 0.0, 1.0, &mut body);
-
-        // Bundled fonts guarantee glyphs → a filled path with actual outline segments.
-        assert!(body.contains("<path"), "no path emitted: {body}");
-        assert!(body.contains(r#"fill="rgb(255,0,0)""#), "wrong fill: {body}");
-        assert!(
-            body.contains('C') || body.contains('Q') || body.contains('L'),
-            "path has no outline segments: {body}"
-        );
-        assert!(body.len() > 80, "suspiciously short path: {body}");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn empty_text_layer_emits_nothing() {
-        use crate::text_layer::TextLayer;
-        let tl = TextLayer::new("t", Point::new(0.0, 0.0)); // no text set
-        let mut body = String::new();
-        text_layer_to_svg(&tl, 0.0, 1.0, &mut body);
-        assert!(body.is_empty(), "empty text should emit nothing: {body}");
-    }
 }

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lightningbeam-editor"
-version = "1.0.10-alpha"
+version = "1.0.7-alpha"
 edition = "2021"
 description = "Multimedia editor for audio, video and 2D animation"
 license = "GPL-3.0-or-later"
@@ -41,10 +41,6 @@ serde_json = { workspace = true }
 
 # Image loading
 image = { workspace = true }
-# Animated GIF encoding — used directly (not just via `image`) so per-frame NeuQuant palette
-# quantization can be parallelized across a worker pool. Pinned to the version `image` already
-# resolves (0.13), so this adds no new transitive graph.
-gif = "0.13"
 resvg = { workspace = true }
 tiny-skia = "0.11"
 

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/config.rs

@@ -35,18 +35,6 @@ pub struct AppConfig {
     #[serde(default = "defaults::audio_buffer_size")]
     pub audio_buffer_size: u32,
 
-    /// How a cycle MIDI recording treats its passes.
-    ///
-    /// `false` (default) = **merge**: every pass overdubs into one clip, and earlier passes play back
-    /// as you record so you can layer against them. `true` = **separate takes**: each pass becomes
-    /// its own take in a take folder, exactly as audio always does, and earlier passes stay silent
-    /// (they're alternatives, not layers).
-    ///
-    /// Only applies when the transport actually wraps; a recording that stops inside the first pass
-    /// is an ordinary single recording either way.
-    #[serde(default = "defaults::cycle_midi_separate_takes")]
-    pub cycle_midi_separate_takes: bool,
-
     /// Reopen last session on startup
     #[serde(default = "defaults::reopen_last_session")]
     pub reopen_last_session: bool,
@@ -82,55 +70,6 @@ pub struct AppConfig {
     /// sooner; larger = smaller pyramid, wider re-decode span. Default 256.
     #[serde(default = "defaults::waveform_floor_samples_per_texel")]
     pub waveform_floor_samples_per_texel: u32,
-
-    /// Last-used audio-export "Artist" tag, remembered so it prefills next time.
-    #[serde(default)]
-    pub last_audio_artist: String,
-
-    /// Last-used audio-export "Album" tag, remembered so it prefills next time.
-    #[serde(default)]
-    pub last_audio_album: String,
-
-    /// What the stylus's lower barrel button does while held.
-    #[serde(default = "defaults::tablet_button_lower")]
-    pub tablet_button_lower: TabletButtonAction,
-
-    /// What the stylus's upper barrel button does while held.
-    #[serde(default = "defaults::tablet_button_upper")]
-    pub tablet_button_upper: TabletButtonAction,
-}
-
-/// What a stylus barrel button does while held down.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
-pub enum TabletButtonAction {
-    /// Do nothing.
-    None,
-    /// Drag to pan the stage.
-    #[default]
-    Pan,
-    /// Temporarily switch to the eyedropper.
-    Eyedropper,
-    /// Temporarily switch to the eraser.
-    Erase,
-}
-
-impl TabletButtonAction {
-    pub const ALL: [TabletButtonAction; 4] = [
-        TabletButtonAction::None,
-        TabletButtonAction::Pan,
-        TabletButtonAction::Eyedropper,
-        TabletButtonAction::Erase,
-    ];
-
-    pub fn label(self) -> &'static str {
-        match self {
-            TabletButtonAction::None => "None",
-            TabletButtonAction::Pan => "Pan",
-            TabletButtonAction::Eyedropper => "Eyedropper",
-            TabletButtonAction::Erase => "Eraser",
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 impl Default for AppConfig {
@@ -143,7 +82,6 @@ impl Default for AppConfig {
             file_height: defaults::file_height(),
             scroll_speed: defaults::scroll_speed(),
             audio_buffer_size: defaults::audio_buffer_size(),
-            cycle_midi_separate_takes: defaults::cycle_midi_separate_takes(),
             reopen_last_session: defaults::reopen_last_session(),
             restore_layout_from_file: defaults::restore_layout_from_file(),
             debug: defaults::debug(),
@@ -152,10 +90,6 @@ impl Default for AppConfig {
             keybindings: KeybindingConfig::default(),
             large_media_default: LargeMediaMode::default(),
             waveform_floor_samples_per_texel: defaults::waveform_floor_samples_per_texel(),
-            last_audio_artist: String::new(),
-            last_audio_album: String::new(),
-            tablet_button_lower: defaults::tablet_button_lower(),
-            tablet_button_upper: defaults::tablet_button_upper(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -346,16 +280,12 @@ impl AppConfig {
 
 /// Default values for preferences (matches JS implementation)
 mod defaults {
-    use super::TabletButtonAction;
-    pub fn tablet_button_lower() -> TabletButtonAction { TabletButtonAction::Pan }
-    pub fn tablet_button_upper() -> TabletButtonAction { TabletButtonAction::Eyedropper }
     pub fn bpm() -> u32 { 120 }
     pub fn framerate() -> u32 { 24 }
     pub fn file_width() -> u32 { 800 }
     pub fn file_height() -> u32 { 600 }
     pub fn scroll_speed() -> f64 { 1.0 }
     pub fn audio_buffer_size() -> u32 { 256 }
-    pub fn cycle_midi_separate_takes() -> bool { false }
     pub fn reopen_last_session() -> bool { false }
     pub fn restore_layout_from_file() -> bool { true }
     pub fn debug() -> bool { false }

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/custom_cursor.rs

@@ -1,380 +1,205 @@
 //! Custom cursor system
 //!
-//! Tool cursors are drawn from the bundled Lucide icon font. A tool falls into one of three
-//! kinds, because "draw the tool's icon at the pointer" only works for icons that actually have
-//! a point:
-//!
-//! * [`CursorKind::System`] — the OS cursor already says it better than we can (the arrow for
-//!   Select, the move cross for Transform). We use the real OS cursor.
-//! * [`CursorKind::Precise`] — the glyph has an unambiguous tip (pencil, brush, pipette), so it
-//!   *is* the cursor: the tip lands exactly on the click point.
-//! * [`CursorKind::Badge`] — the glyph has no focus point (stamp, bandage, spray can). Using it
-//!   alone would leave you guessing where you're clicking, so we pair it with a crosshair: the
-//!   crosshair marks the click point and the glyph hangs off its bottom-right.
-//!
-//! Rather than *painting* the cursor into the egui scene, we rasterize it and hand it to the
-//! windowing system as a real OS cursor (`egui::CursorImage` → winit `CustomCursor`). A painted
-//! cursor is composited with our frame and therefore always trails the pointer by a frame or
-//! more; an OS cursor is composited by the window system and doesn't lag at all.
-//!
-//! The glyphs are rasterized out of egui's own font atlas using the same placement maths as
-//! `epaint`'s text tessellator, so a glyph lands exactly where `painter.text` would have put it.
+//! Provides SVG-based custom cursors beyond egui's built-in system cursors.
+//! When a custom cursor is active, the system cursor is hidden and the SVG
+//! cursor image is drawn at the pointer position.
 
 use eframe::egui;
+use egui::TextureHandle;
 use lightningbeam_core::tool::Tool;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use crate::mobile::icons;
-
-/// What kind of cursor a tool gets.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
-pub enum CursorKind {
-    /// Use a native OS cursor; build nothing ourselves.
-    System(egui::CursorIcon),
-    /// The glyph is the cursor. `hotspot` is the click point in Lucide's 24×24 icon grid.
-    Precise {
-        glyph: &'static str,
-        hotspot: egui::Vec2,
-    },
-    /// A crosshair marks the click point; the glyph sits to its bottom-right.
-    Badge { glyph: &'static str },
-}
-
-/// Hotspot for a glyph whose tip is at the bottom-left (pencil, brush, pen, pipette).
-const TIP_BOTTOM_LEFT: egui::Vec2 = egui::vec2(3.0, 21.0);
-/// Hotspot for a glyph centred on the click point.
-const TIP_CENTER: egui::Vec2 = egui::vec2(12.0, 12.0);
-
-/// Which cursor a stage tool uses.
+/// Custom cursor identifiers
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum CustomCursor {
-    Tool(Tool),
-    /// Timeline: dragging the end of the loop region.
+    // Stage tool cursors
+    Select,
+    Draw,
+    Transform,
+    Rectangle,
+    Ellipse,
+    PaintBucket,
+    Eyedropper,
+    Line,
+    Polygon,
+    BezierEdit,
+    Text,
+    // Timeline cursors
     LoopExtend,
 }
 
 impl CustomCursor {
+    /// Convert a Tool enum to the corresponding custom cursor
     pub fn from_tool(tool: Tool) -> Self {
-        CustomCursor::Tool(tool)
+        match tool {
+            Tool::Select        => CustomCursor::Select,
+            Tool::Draw          => CustomCursor::Draw,
+            Tool::Transform     => CustomCursor::Transform,
+            Tool::Rectangle     => CustomCursor::Rectangle,
+            Tool::Ellipse       => CustomCursor::Ellipse,
+            Tool::PaintBucket   => CustomCursor::PaintBucket,
+            Tool::Eyedropper    => CustomCursor::Eyedropper,
+            Tool::Line          => CustomCursor::Line,
+            Tool::Polygon       => CustomCursor::Polygon,
+            Tool::BezierEdit    => CustomCursor::BezierEdit,
+            Tool::Text          => CustomCursor::Text,
+            Tool::RegionSelect  => CustomCursor::Select,
+            Tool::Split         => CustomCursor::Select,
+            Tool::Erase         => CustomCursor::Draw,
+            Tool::Smudge        => CustomCursor::Draw,
+            Tool::SelectLasso   => CustomCursor::Select,
+            // Raster brush tools — use draw cursor until implemented
+            Tool::Pencil
+            | Tool::Pen
+            | Tool::Airbrush
+            | Tool::CloneStamp
+            | Tool::HealingBrush
+            | Tool::PatternStamp
+            | Tool::DodgeBurn
+            | Tool::Sponge
+            | Tool::BlurSharpen => CustomCursor::Draw,
+            // Selection tools — use select cursor until implemented
+            Tool::SelectEllipse
+            | Tool::MagicWand
+            | Tool::QuickSelect => CustomCursor::Select,
+            // Other tools — use select cursor until implemented
+            Tool::Gradient
+            | Tool::CustomShape
+            | Tool::Warp
+            | Tool::Liquify     => CustomCursor::Select,
+        }
     }
 
-    pub fn kind(&self) -> CursorKind {
-        use egui::CursorIcon as Sys;
+    /// Hotspot offset — the "click point" relative to the image top-left
+    pub fn hotspot(&self) -> egui::Vec2 {
+        match self {
+            // Select cursor: pointer tip at top-left
+            CustomCursor::Select => egui::vec2(3.0, 1.0),
+            // Drawing tools: tip at bottom-left
+            CustomCursor::Draw => egui::vec2(1.0, 23.0),
+            // Transform: center
+            CustomCursor::Transform => egui::vec2(12.0, 12.0),
+            // Shape tools: crosshair at center
+            CustomCursor::Rectangle
+            | CustomCursor::Ellipse
+            | CustomCursor::Line
+            | CustomCursor::Polygon => egui::vec2(12.0, 12.0),
+            // Paint bucket: tip at bottom-left
+            CustomCursor::PaintBucket => egui::vec2(2.0, 21.0),
+            // Eyedropper: tip at bottom
+            CustomCursor::Eyedropper => egui::vec2(4.0, 22.0),
+            // Bezier edit: tip at top-left
+            CustomCursor::BezierEdit => egui::vec2(3.0, 1.0),
+            // Text: I-beam center
+            CustomCursor::Text => egui::vec2(12.0, 12.0),
+            // Loop extend: center of circular arrow
+            CustomCursor::LoopExtend => egui::vec2(12.0, 12.0),
+        }
+    }
 
-        let tool = match self {
-            CustomCursor::LoopExtend => {
-                return CursorKind::Precise {
-                    glyph: icons::REPEAT,
-                    hotspot: TIP_CENTER,
-                }
-            }
-            CustomCursor::Tool(t) => *t,
-        };
-
-        let precise = |glyph, hotspot| CursorKind::Precise { glyph, hotspot };
-        let badge = |glyph| CursorKind::Badge { glyph };
-
-        match tool {
-            // The OS knows these better than we do.
-            Tool::Select => CursorKind::System(Sys::Default),
-            Tool::Transform => CursorKind::System(Sys::Move),
-
-            // Glyphs with a real tip: the icon is the cursor.
-            Tool::Draw => precise(icons::BRUSH, TIP_BOTTOM_LEFT),
-            Tool::Pencil => precise(icons::PENCIL, TIP_BOTTOM_LEFT),
-            Tool::Pen => precise(icons::PEN_TOOL, TIP_BOTTOM_LEFT),
-            Tool::Eyedropper => precise(icons::PIPETTE, TIP_BOTTOM_LEFT),
-            Tool::PaintBucket => precise(icons::PAINT_BUCKET, TIP_BOTTOM_LEFT),
-            Tool::Text => precise(icons::TEXT_CURSOR, TIP_CENTER),
-
-            // Shape tools: crosshair for precision, glyph to say which shape.
-            Tool::Rectangle => badge(icons::SQUARE),
-            Tool::Ellipse => badge(icons::CIRCLE),
-            Tool::Line => badge(icons::MINUS),
-            Tool::Polygon => badge(icons::HEXAGON),
-            Tool::CustomShape => badge(icons::SHAPES),
-
-            // Selection tools.
-            Tool::RegionSelect => badge(icons::SQUARE_DASHED),
-            Tool::SelectEllipse => badge(icons::CIRCLE_DASHED),
-            Tool::SelectLasso => badge(icons::LASSO_SELECT),
-            Tool::MagicWand => badge(icons::WAND_SPARKLES),
-            Tool::QuickSelect => badge(icons::BRUSH),
-            Tool::Split => badge(icons::SCISSORS),
-
-            // Raster tools whose icons have no focus point. These also draw a brush-size ring on
-            // the stage, which is the real precision cue.
-            Tool::Erase => badge(icons::ERASER),
-            Tool::Airbrush => badge(icons::SPRAY_CAN),
-            Tool::Smudge => badge(icons::POINTER),
-            Tool::CloneStamp => badge(icons::STAMP),
-            Tool::PatternStamp => badge(icons::SHAPES),
-            Tool::HealingBrush => badge(icons::BANDAGE),
-            Tool::DodgeBurn => badge(icons::SUN_MOON),
-            Tool::Sponge => badge(icons::DROPLETS),
-            Tool::BlurSharpen => badge(icons::CONTRAST),
-            Tool::Gradient => badge(icons::BLEND),
-            Tool::Warp => badge(icons::SCALING),
-            Tool::Liquify => badge(icons::DROPLET),
-
-            // Vertex editing: crosshair to place the point, glyph to say we're in bezier mode.
-            Tool::BezierEdit => badge(icons::SPLINE),
+    /// Get the embedded SVG data for this cursor
+    fn svg_data(&self) -> &'static [u8] {
+        match self {
+            CustomCursor::Select => include_bytes!("../../../src/assets/select.svg"),
+            CustomCursor::Draw => include_bytes!("../../../src/assets/draw.svg"),
+            CustomCursor::Transform => include_bytes!("../../../src/assets/transform.svg"),
+            CustomCursor::Rectangle => include_bytes!("../../../src/assets/rectangle.svg"),
+            CustomCursor::Ellipse => include_bytes!("../../../src/assets/ellipse.svg"),
+            CustomCursor::PaintBucket => include_bytes!("../../../src/assets/paint_bucket.svg"),
+            CustomCursor::Eyedropper => include_bytes!("../../../src/assets/eyedropper.svg"),
+            CustomCursor::Line => include_bytes!("../../../src/assets/line.svg"),
+            CustomCursor::Polygon => include_bytes!("../../../src/assets/polygon.svg"),
+            CustomCursor::BezierEdit => include_bytes!("../../../src/assets/bezier_edit.svg"),
+            CustomCursor::Text => include_bytes!("../../../src/assets/text.svg"),
+            CustomCursor::LoopExtend => include_bytes!("../../../src/assets/arrow-counterclockwise.svg"),
         }
     }
 }
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Geometry (logical points; scaled by pixels_per_point when rasterized)
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/// Rendered size of a cursor glyph.
-const GLYPH_SIZE: f32 = 18.0;
-/// Lucide icons are authored on a 24×24 grid; hotspots are given in those units.
-const ICON_GRID: f32 = 24.0;
-/// Where a badge glyph's top-left sits relative to the crosshair centre.
-const BADGE_OFFSET: egui::Vec2 = egui::vec2(6.0, 6.0);
-/// Half-length of a crosshair arm.
-const CROSSHAIR_ARM: f32 = 7.0;
-/// Gap between the crosshair centre and the start of each arm, so the click point stays visible.
-const CROSSHAIR_GAP: f32 = 2.0;
-/// Margin around the artwork, leaving room for the outline.
-const MARGIN: f32 = 1.5;
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Rasterization
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/// Cache of rasterized cursor images, keyed by cursor and DPI scale.
-#[derive(Default)]
+/// Cache of rasterized cursor textures (black fill + white outline version)
 pub struct CursorCache {
-    images: HashMap<(CustomCursor, u32), Option<egui::CursorImage>>,
-    next_id: u64,
+    /// Black cursor for the main image
+    textures: HashMap<CustomCursor, TextureHandle>,
+    /// White cursor for the outline
+    outline_textures: HashMap<CustomCursor, TextureHandle>,
 }
 
 impl CursorCache {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self::default()
+        Self {
+            textures: HashMap::new(),
+            outline_textures: HashMap::new(),
+        }
     }
 
-    fn get_or_build(
-        &mut self,
-        ctx: &egui::Context,
-        cursor: CustomCursor,
-        ppp: f32,
-    ) -> Option<egui::CursorImage> {
-        let key = (cursor, ppp.to_bits());
-        if let Some(cached) = self.images.get(&key) {
-            return cached.clone();
-        }
+    /// Get or lazily load the black (fill) cursor texture
+    pub fn get_or_load(&mut self, cursor: CustomCursor, ctx: &egui::Context) -> &TextureHandle {
+        self.textures.entry(cursor).or_insert_with(|| {
+            let svg_data = cursor.svg_data();
+            let svg_string = String::from_utf8_lossy(svg_data);
+            let svg_with_color = svg_string.replace("currentColor", "#000000");
+            rasterize_cursor_svg(svg_with_color.as_bytes(), &format!("cursor_{:?}", cursor), CURSOR_SIZE, ctx)
+                .expect("Failed to rasterize cursor SVG")
+        })
+    }
 
-        let id = self.next_id;
-        self.next_id += 1;
-
-        let built = build_cursor_image(ctx, cursor.kind(), ppp, id);
-        self.images.insert(key, built.clone());
-        built
+    /// Get or lazily load the white (outline) cursor texture
+    pub fn get_or_load_outline(&mut self, cursor: CustomCursor, ctx: &egui::Context) -> &TextureHandle {
+        self.outline_textures.entry(cursor).or_insert_with(|| {
+            let svg_data = cursor.svg_data();
+            let svg_string = String::from_utf8_lossy(svg_data);
+            // Replace all colors with white for the outline
+            let svg_white = svg_string
+                .replace("currentColor", "#ffffff")
+                .replace("#000000", "#ffffff")
+                .replace("#000", "#ffffff");
+            rasterize_cursor_svg(svg_white.as_bytes(), &format!("cursor_{:?}_outline", cursor), CURSOR_SIZE, ctx)
+                .expect("Failed to rasterize cursor SVG outline")
+        })
     }
 }
 
-/// An alpha coverage mask being composed, in physical pixels.
-struct Mask {
-    w: usize,
-    h: usize,
-    a: Vec<f32>,
-}
+const CURSOR_SIZE: u32 = 24;
+const OUTLINE_OFFSET: f32 = 1.0;
 
-impl Mask {
-    fn new(w: usize, h: usize) -> Self {
-        Self { w, h, a: vec![0.0; w * h] }
-    }
-
-    fn add(&mut self, x: usize, y: usize, coverage: f32) {
-        if x < self.w && y < self.h {
-            let p = &mut self.a[y * self.w + x];
-            *p = (*p + coverage).min(1.0);
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn get(&self, x: isize, y: isize) -> f32 {
-        if x < 0 || y < 0 || x as usize >= self.w || y as usize >= self.h {
-            0.0
-        } else {
-            self.a[y as usize * self.w + x as usize]
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Fill an axis-aligned rect (physical px, may be fractional) with full coverage.
-    fn fill_rect(&mut self, rect: egui::Rect) {
-        let x0 = rect.min.x.floor().max(0.0) as usize;
-        let y0 = rect.min.y.floor().max(0.0) as usize;
-        let x1 = (rect.max.x.ceil() as usize).min(self.w);
-        let y1 = (rect.max.y.ceil() as usize).min(self.h);
-        for y in y0..y1 {
-            for x in x0..x1 {
-                self.add(x, y, 1.0);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Rasterize a cursor into a premultiplied-RGBA image: black artwork with a white outline, so it
-/// reads against both light and dark backgrounds.
-fn build_cursor_image(
+/// Rasterize an SVG into an egui texture (same approach as main.rs rasterize_svg)
+fn rasterize_cursor_svg(
+    svg_data: &[u8],
+    name: &str,
+    render_size: u32,
     ctx: &egui::Context,
-    kind: CursorKind,
-    ppp: f32,
-    id: u64,
-) -> Option<egui::CursorImage> {
-    let (glyph, glyph_origin, hotspot, crosshair) = match kind {
-        CursorKind::System(_) => return None,
-        CursorKind::Precise { glyph, hotspot } => {
-            let scale = GLYPH_SIZE / ICON_GRID;
-            (
-                glyph,
-                egui::vec2(MARGIN, MARGIN),
-                egui::pos2(MARGIN, MARGIN) + hotspot * scale,
-                false,
-            )
-        }
-        CursorKind::Badge { glyph } => {
-            // The crosshair centre is the click point; place it a margin + arm in from the corner.
-            let centre = egui::pos2(MARGIN + CROSSHAIR_ARM, MARGIN + CROSSHAIR_ARM);
-            (glyph, centre.to_vec2() + BADGE_OFFSET, centre, true)
-        }
-    };
-
-    // Lay the glyph out exactly as `painter.text(.., Align2::LEFT_TOP, ..)` would, so we inherit
-    // epaint's placement rather than re-deriving it from font metrics.
-    let galley = ctx.fonts_mut(|f| {
-        f.layout_no_wrap(
-            glyph.to_owned(),
-            icons::font(GLYPH_SIZE),
-            egui::Color32::WHITE,
-        )
-    });
-
-    // Canvas must cover the glyph, and the crosshair too when there is one.
-    let mut content = egui::Rect::from_min_size(glyph_origin.to_pos2(), galley.size());
-    if crosshair {
-        content = content.union(egui::Rect::from_center_size(
-            hotspot,
-            egui::Vec2::splat(2.0 * CROSSHAIR_ARM),
-        ));
-    }
-    let canvas = content.expand(MARGIN);
-
-    let w = (canvas.width() * ppp).ceil() as usize;
-    let h = (canvas.height() * ppp).ceil() as usize;
-    if w == 0 || h == 0 || w > 2048 || h > 2048 {
-        return None; // winit caps cursors at 2048px.
-    }
-
-    let mut mask = Mask::new(w, h);
-    // Everything is positioned relative to the canvas origin.
-    let to_px = |p: egui::Pos2| ((p - canvas.min.to_vec2()).to_vec2() * ppp).to_pos2();
-
-    // --- Crosshair ---
-    if crosshair {
-        let c = to_px(hotspot);
-        let thickness = ppp.max(1.0); // one physical pixel, at least
-        let arm = CROSSHAIR_ARM * ppp;
-        let gap = CROSSHAIR_GAP * ppp;
-        // Four arms, leaving a gap at the centre so the exact click point stays visible.
-        for (dx, dy) in [(-1.0, 0.0), (1.0, 0.0), (0.0, -1.0), (0.0, 1.0)] {
-            let from = egui::pos2(c.x + dx * gap, c.y + dy * gap);
-            let to = egui::pos2(c.x + dx * arm, c.y + dy * arm);
-            let rect = egui::Rect::from_two_pos(from, to).expand2(if dx == 0.0 {
-                egui::vec2(thickness / 2.0, 0.0)
-            } else {
-                egui::vec2(0.0, thickness / 2.0)
-            });
-            mask.fill_rect(rect);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // --- Glyph, copied out of egui's font atlas ---
-    let atlas = ctx.fonts_mut(|f| f.image());
-    let atlas_w = atlas.size[0];
-    for row in &galley.rows {
-        for g in &row.glyphs {
-            let uv = g.uv_rect;
-            if uv.is_nothing() {
-                continue;
-            }
-            // Same maths as epaint's text tessellator: the glyph's top-left in points is
-            // `glyph.pos + uv_rect.offset`, relative to the galley's top-left.
-            let left_top = to_px((glyph_origin + (g.pos + uv.offset).to_vec2()).to_pos2());
-            let src_w = (uv.max[0] - uv.min[0]) as usize;
-            let src_h = (uv.max[1] - uv.min[1]) as usize;
-
-            for sy in 0..src_h {
-                for sx in 0..src_w {
-                    let src_i = (uv.min[1] as usize + sy) * atlas_w + (uv.min[0] as usize + sx);
-                    let Some(px) = atlas.pixels.get(src_i) else { continue };
-                    let coverage = px.a() as f32 / 255.0;
-                    if coverage <= 0.0 {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    let dx = (left_top.x.round() as isize) + sx as isize;
-                    let dy = (left_top.y.round() as isize) + sy as isize;
-                    if dx >= 0 && dy >= 0 {
-                        mask.add(dx as usize, dy as usize, coverage);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // --- Compose: black fill over a white outline (dilate the mask by one pixel) ---
-    let mut rgba = vec![0u8; w * h * 4];
-    for y in 0..h {
-        for x in 0..w {
-            let fill = mask.get(x as isize, y as isize);
-
-            let mut outline: f32 = 0.0;
-            for oy in -1..=1_isize {
-                for ox in -1..=1_isize {
-                    outline = outline.max(mask.get(x as isize + ox, y as isize + oy));
-                }
-            }
-
-            // White outline underneath, black fill on top; premultiplied.
-            let white = outline * (1.0 - fill);
-            let alpha = fill + outline * (1.0 - fill);
-            let c = (white * 255.0).round().clamp(0.0, 255.0) as u8;
-
-            let i = (y * w + x) * 4;
-            rgba[i] = c;
-            rgba[i + 1] = c;
-            rgba[i + 2] = c;
-            rgba[i + 3] = (alpha * 255.0).round().clamp(0.0, 255.0) as u8;
-        }
-    }
-
-    let hot = to_px(hotspot);
-    Some(egui::CursorImage {
-        id,
-        rgba: Arc::new(rgba),
-        size: (w as u16, h as u16),
-        hotspot: (
-            hot.x.round().clamp(0.0, w as f32 - 1.0) as u16,
-            hot.y.round().clamp(0.0, h as f32 - 1.0) as u16,
-        ),
-    })
+) -> Option<TextureHandle> {
+    let tree = resvg::usvg::Tree::from_data(svg_data, &resvg::usvg::Options::default()).ok()?;
+    let pixmap_size = tree.size().to_int_size();
+    let scale_x = render_size as f32 / pixmap_size.width() as f32;
+    let scale_y = render_size as f32 / pixmap_size.height() as f32;
+    let mut pixmap = resvg::tiny_skia::Pixmap::new(render_size, render_size)?;
+    resvg::render(
+        &tree,
+        resvg::tiny_skia::Transform::from_scale(scale_x, scale_y),
+        &mut pixmap.as_mut(),
+    );
+    let rgba_data = pixmap.data().to_vec();
+    let color_image = egui::ColorImage::from_rgba_unmultiplied(
+        [render_size as usize, render_size as usize],
+        &rgba_data,
+    );
+    Some(ctx.load_texture(name, color_image, egui::TextureOptions::LINEAR))
 }
 
 // --- Per-frame cursor slot using egui context data ---
 
+/// Key for storing the active custom cursor in egui's per-frame data
 #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
 struct ActiveCustomCursor(CustomCursor);
 
 /// Set the custom cursor for this frame. Call from any pane during rendering.
+/// This hides the system cursor and draws the SVG cursor at pointer position.
 pub fn set(ctx: &egui::Context, cursor: CustomCursor) {
     ctx.data_mut(|d| d.insert_temp(egui::Id::new("active_custom_cursor"), ActiveCustomCursor(cursor)));
 }
 
-/// Hand the active cursor to the windowing system. Call at the end of the main update loop.
+/// Render the custom cursor overlay. Call at the end of the main update loop.
 pub fn render_overlay(ctx: &egui::Context, cache: &mut CursorCache) {
     // Take and remove the cursor so it doesn't persist to the next frame
     let id = egui::Id::new("active_custom_cursor");
@@ -384,24 +209,43 @@ pub fn render_overlay(ctx: &egui::Context, cache: &mut CursorCache) {
         val
     });
 
-    let Some(ActiveCustomCursor(cursor)) = cursor else { return };
+    if let Some(ActiveCustomCursor(cursor)) = cursor {
+        // If a system cursor was explicitly set (resize handles, text inputs, etc.),
+        // let it take priority over the custom cursor
+        let system_cursor = ctx.output(|o| o.cursor_icon);
+        if system_cursor != egui::CursorIcon::Default {
+            return;
+        }
 
-    // If a widget explicitly asked for a system cursor (resize handles, text inputs, ...), let it
-    // win — it knows something about the hover target that we don't.
-    if ctx.output(|o| o.cursor_icon) != egui::CursorIcon::Default {
-        return;
-    }
+        // Hide the system cursor
+        ctx.set_cursor_icon(egui::CursorIcon::None);
 
-    match cursor.kind() {
-        CursorKind::System(icon) => ctx.set_cursor_icon(icon),
-        _ => {
-            let ppp = ctx.pixels_per_point();
-            if let Some(image) = cache.get_or_build(ctx, cursor, ppp) {
-                ctx.set_cursor_image(Some(image));
-            } else {
-                // Rasterization failed — better a crosshair than an invisible cursor.
-                ctx.set_cursor_icon(egui::CursorIcon::Crosshair);
+        if let Some(pos) = ctx.input(|i| i.pointer.latest_pos()) {
+            let hotspot = cursor.hotspot();
+            let size = egui::vec2(CURSOR_SIZE as f32, CURSOR_SIZE as f32);
+            let uv = egui::Rect::from_min_max(egui::pos2(0.0, 0.0), egui::pos2(1.0, 1.0));
+            let painter = ctx.debug_painter();
+
+            // Draw white outline: render white version offset in 8 directions
+            let outline_tex = cache.get_or_load_outline(cursor, ctx);
+            let outline_id = outline_tex.id();
+            for &(dx, dy) in &[
+                (-OUTLINE_OFFSET, 0.0), (OUTLINE_OFFSET, 0.0),
+                (0.0, -OUTLINE_OFFSET), (0.0, OUTLINE_OFFSET),
+                (-OUTLINE_OFFSET, -OUTLINE_OFFSET), (OUTLINE_OFFSET, -OUTLINE_OFFSET),
+                (-OUTLINE_OFFSET, OUTLINE_OFFSET), (OUTLINE_OFFSET, OUTLINE_OFFSET),
+            ] {
+                let offset_rect = egui::Rect::from_min_size(
+                    pos - hotspot + egui::vec2(dx, dy),
+                    size,
+                );
+                painter.image(outline_id, offset_rect, uv, egui::Color32::WHITE);
             }
+
+            // Draw black fill on top
+            let fill_tex = cache.get_or_load(cursor, ctx);
+            let cursor_rect = egui::Rect::from_min_size(pos - hotspot, size);
+            painter.image(fill_tex.id(), cursor_rect, uv, egui::Color32::WHITE);
         }
     }
 }

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/export/audio_exporter.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+//! Audio export functionality
+//!
+//! Exports audio from the timeline to various formats:
+//! - WAV and FLAC: Use existing DAW backend export
+//! - MP3 and AAC: Use FFmpeg encoding with rendered samples
+
+use lightningbeam_core::export::{AudioExportSettings, AudioFormat};
+use daw_backend::audio::{
+    export::{ExportFormat, ExportSettings as DawExportSettings, render_to_memory},
+    midi_pool::MidiClipPool,
+    pool::AudioPool,
+    project::Project,
+};
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+
+/// Export audio to a file
+///
+/// This function routes to the appropriate export method based on the format:
+/// - WAV/FLAC: Use DAW backend export
+/// - MP3/AAC: Use FFmpeg encoding (TODO)
+pub fn export_audio<P: AsRef<Path>>(
+    project: &mut Project,
+    pool: &AudioPool,
+    midi_pool: &MidiClipPool,
+    settings: &AudioExportSettings,
+    output_path: P,
+    cancel_flag: &Arc<AtomicBool>,
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    // Validate settings
+    settings.validate()?;
+
+    // Check for cancellation before starting
+    if cancel_flag.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+        return Err("Export cancelled by user".to_string());
+    }
+
+    match settings.format {
+        AudioFormat::Wav | AudioFormat::Flac => {
+            export_audio_daw_backend(project, pool, midi_pool, settings, output_path)
+        }
+        AudioFormat::Mp3 => {
+            export_audio_ffmpeg_mp3(project, pool, midi_pool, settings, output_path, cancel_flag)
+        }
+        AudioFormat::Aac => {
+            export_audio_ffmpeg_aac(project, pool, midi_pool, settings, output_path, cancel_flag)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Export audio using the DAW backend (WAV/FLAC)
+fn export_audio_daw_backend<P: AsRef<Path>>(
+    project: &mut Project,
+    pool: &AudioPool,
+    _midi_pool: &MidiClipPool,
+    settings: &AudioExportSettings,
+    output_path: P,
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    // Convert our export settings to DAW backend format
+    let daw_settings = DawExportSettings {
+        format: match settings.format {
+            AudioFormat::Wav => ExportFormat::Wav,
+            AudioFormat::Flac => ExportFormat::Flac,
+            _ => unreachable!(), // This function only handles WAV/FLAC
+        },
+        sample_rate: settings.sample_rate,
+        channels: settings.channels,
+        bit_depth: settings.bit_depth,
+        mp3_bitrate: 320, // Not used for WAV/FLAC
+        start_time: daw_backend::Seconds(settings.start_time),
+        end_time: daw_backend::Seconds(settings.end_time),
+        tempo_map: daw_backend::TempoMap::constant(settings.bpm),
+    };
+
+    // Use the existing DAW backend export function
+    // No progress reporting for this direct export path
+    daw_backend::audio::export::export_audio(
+        project,
+        pool,
+        &daw_settings,
+        output_path,
+        None,
+    )
+}
+
+/// Export audio as MP3 using FFmpeg
+fn export_audio_ffmpeg_mp3<P: AsRef<Path>>(
+    project: &mut Project,
+    pool: &AudioPool,
+    _midi_pool: &MidiClipPool,
+    settings: &AudioExportSettings,
+    output_path: P,
+    cancel_flag: &Arc<AtomicBool>,
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    use ffmpeg_next as ffmpeg;
+
+    // Initialize FFmpeg
+    ffmpeg::init().map_err(|e| format!("Failed to initialize FFmpeg: {}", e))?;
+
+    // Convert settings to DAW backend format
+    let daw_settings = DawExportSettings {
+        format: ExportFormat::Wav, // Unused, but required
+        sample_rate: settings.sample_rate,
+        channels: settings.channels,
+        bit_depth: 16, // Unused
+        mp3_bitrate: settings.bitrate_kbps,
+        start_time: daw_backend::Seconds(settings.start_time),
+        end_time: daw_backend::Seconds(settings.end_time),
+        tempo_map: daw_backend::TempoMap::constant(settings.bpm),
+    };
+
+    // Step 1: Render audio to memory
+    let pcm_samples = render_to_memory(
+        project,
+        pool,
+        &daw_settings,
+        None, // No progress events for now
+    )?;
+
+    // Check for cancellation
+    if cancel_flag.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+        return Err("Export cancelled".to_string());
+    }
+
+    // Step 2: Set up FFmpeg encoder
+    let encoder_codec = ffmpeg::encoder::find(ffmpeg::codec::Id::MP3)
+        .ok_or("MP3 encoder (libmp3lame) not found")?;
+
+    // Create output file
+    let mut output = ffmpeg::format::output(&output_path)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to create output file: {}", e))?;
+
+    // Create encoder
+    let mut encoder = ffmpeg::codec::Context::new_with_codec(encoder_codec)
+        .encoder()
+        .audio()
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to create encoder: {}", e))?;
+
+    // Configure encoder
+    let channel_layout = match settings.channels {
+        1 => ffmpeg::channel_layout::ChannelLayout::MONO,
+        2 => ffmpeg::channel_layout::ChannelLayout::STEREO,
+        _ => return Err(format!("Unsupported channel count: {}", settings.channels)),
+    };
+
+    encoder.set_rate(settings.sample_rate as i32);
+    encoder.set_channel_layout(channel_layout);
+    encoder.set_format(ffmpeg::format::Sample::I16(ffmpeg::format::sample::Type::Planar));
+    encoder.set_bit_rate((settings.bitrate_kbps * 1000) as usize);
+    encoder.set_time_base(ffmpeg::Rational(1, settings.sample_rate as i32));
+
+    // Open encoder
+    let mut encoder = encoder.open_as(encoder_codec)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to open MP3 encoder: {}", e))?;
+
+    // Add stream and set parameters
+    {
+        let mut stream = output.add_stream(encoder_codec)
+            .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to add stream: {}", e))?;
+        stream.set_parameters(&encoder);
+    } // Drop stream here to release the borrow
+
+    // Write header
+    output.write_header()
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to write header: {}", e))?;
+
+    // Step 3: Encode frames and write to output
+    // Convert interleaved f32 samples to planar i16 format
+    let num_frames = pcm_samples.len() / settings.channels as usize;
+    let planar_samples = convert_to_planar_i16(&pcm_samples, settings.channels);
+
+    // Get encoder frame size
+    let frame_size = encoder.frame_size();
+    let samples_per_frame = if frame_size > 0 {
+        frame_size as usize
+    } else {
+        1152 // Default MP3 frame size
+    };
+
+    // Encode in chunks
+    let mut samples_encoded = 0;
+    while samples_encoded < num_frames {
+        if cancel_flag.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+            return Err("Export cancelled".to_string());
+        }
+
+        let samples_remaining = num_frames - samples_encoded;
+        let chunk_size = samples_remaining.min(samples_per_frame);
+
+        // Create audio frame
+        let mut frame = ffmpeg::frame::Audio::new(
+            ffmpeg::format::Sample::I16(ffmpeg::format::sample::Type::Planar),
+            chunk_size,
+            channel_layout,
+        );
+        frame.set_rate(settings.sample_rate);
+
+        // Copy planar samples to frame
+        // Use plane_mut::<i16> instead of data_mut — data_mut(ch) is buggy for planar audio:
+        // FFmpeg only sets linesize[0], so data_mut returns 0-length slices for ch > 0.
+        // plane_mut uses self.samples() for the length, which is correct for all planes.
+        for ch in 0..settings.channels as usize {
+            let plane = frame.plane_mut::<i16>(ch);
+            let offset = samples_encoded;
+            plane.copy_from_slice(&planar_samples[ch][offset..offset + chunk_size]);
+        }
+
+        // Send frame to encoder
+        encoder.send_frame(&frame)
+            .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to send frame: {}", e))?;
+
+        // Receive and write packets
+        receive_and_write_packets(&mut encoder, &mut output)?;
+
+        samples_encoded += chunk_size;
+    }
+
+    // Flush encoder
+    encoder.send_eof()
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to send EOF: {}", e))?;
+    receive_and_write_packets(&mut encoder, &mut output)?;
+
+    // Write trailer
+    output.write_trailer()
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to write trailer: {}", e))?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Convert interleaved f32 samples to planar i16 format
+fn convert_to_planar_i16(interleaved: &[f32], channels: u32) -> Vec<Vec<i16>> {
+    let num_frames = interleaved.len() / channels as usize;
+    let mut planar = vec![vec![0i16; num_frames]; channels as usize];
+
+    for (i, chunk) in interleaved.chunks(channels as usize).enumerate() {
+        for (ch, &sample) in chunk.iter().enumerate() {
+            // Clamp and convert f32 (-1.0 to 1.0) to i16
+            let clamped = sample.max(-1.0).min(1.0);
+            planar[ch][i] = (clamped * 32767.0) as i16;
+        }
+    }
+
+    planar
+}
+
+/// Convert interleaved f32 samples to planar f32 format
+fn convert_to_planar_f32(interleaved: &[f32], channels: u32) -> Vec<Vec<f32>> {
+    let num_frames = interleaved.len() / channels as usize;
+    let mut planar = vec![vec![0.0f32; num_frames]; channels as usize];
+
+    for (i, chunk) in interleaved.chunks(channels as usize).enumerate() {
+        for (ch, &sample) in chunk.iter().enumerate() {
+            planar[ch][i] = sample;
+        }
+    }
+
+    planar
+}
+
+/// Receive encoded packets and write to output
+fn receive_and_write_packets(
+    encoder: &mut ffmpeg_next::encoder::Audio,
+    output: &mut ffmpeg_next::format::context::Output,
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let mut encoded = ffmpeg_next::Packet::empty();
+
+    while encoder.receive_packet(&mut encoded).is_ok() {
+        encoded.set_stream(0);
+        encoded.write_interleaved(output)
+            .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to write packet: {}", e))?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Export audio as AAC using FFmpeg
+fn export_audio_ffmpeg_aac<P: AsRef<Path>>(
+    project: &mut Project,
+    pool: &AudioPool,
+    _midi_pool: &MidiClipPool,
+    settings: &AudioExportSettings,
+    output_path: P,
+    cancel_flag: &Arc<AtomicBool>,
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    use ffmpeg_next as ffmpeg;
+
+    // Initialize FFmpeg
+    ffmpeg::init().map_err(|e| format!("Failed to initialize FFmpeg: {}", e))?;
+
+    // Convert settings to DAW backend format
+    let daw_settings = DawExportSettings {
+        format: ExportFormat::Wav, // Unused, but required
+        sample_rate: settings.sample_rate,
+        channels: settings.channels,
+        bit_depth: 16, // Unused
+        mp3_bitrate: settings.bitrate_kbps,
+        start_time: daw_backend::Seconds(settings.start_time),
+        end_time: daw_backend::Seconds(settings.end_time),
+        tempo_map: daw_backend::TempoMap::constant(settings.bpm),
+    };
+
+    // Step 1: Render audio to memory
+    let pcm_samples = render_to_memory(
+        project,
+        pool,
+        &daw_settings,
+        None, // No progress events for now
+    )?;
+
+    // Check for cancellation
+    if cancel_flag.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+        return Err("Export cancelled".to_string());
+    }
+
+    // Step 2: Set up FFmpeg encoder
+    let encoder_codec = ffmpeg::encoder::find(ffmpeg::codec::Id::AAC)
+        .ok_or("AAC encoder not found")?;
+
+    // Create output file
+    let mut output = ffmpeg::format::output(&output_path)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to create output file: {}", e))?;
+
+    // Create encoder
+    let mut encoder = ffmpeg::codec::Context::new_with_codec(encoder_codec)
+        .encoder()
+        .audio()
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to create encoder: {}", e))?;
+
+    // Configure encoder
+    let channel_layout = match settings.channels {
+        1 => ffmpeg::channel_layout::ChannelLayout::MONO,
+        2 => ffmpeg::channel_layout::ChannelLayout::STEREO,
+        _ => return Err(format!("Unsupported channel count: {}", settings.channels)),
+    };
+
+    encoder.set_rate(settings.sample_rate as i32);
+    encoder.set_channel_layout(channel_layout);
+    // AAC encoder supports FLTP (F32 Planar) format
+    encoder.set_format(ffmpeg::format::Sample::F32(ffmpeg::format::sample::Type::Planar));
+    encoder.set_bit_rate((settings.bitrate_kbps * 1000) as usize);
+    encoder.set_time_base(ffmpeg::Rational(1, settings.sample_rate as i32));
+
+    // Open encoder
+    let mut encoder = encoder.open_as(encoder_codec)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to open AAC encoder: {}", e))?;
+
+    // Add stream and set parameters
+    {
+        let mut stream = output.add_stream(encoder_codec)
+            .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to add stream: {}", e))?;
+        stream.set_parameters(&encoder);
+    } // Drop stream here to release the borrow
+
+    // Write header
+    output.write_header()
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to write header: {}", e))?;
+
+    // Step 3: Encode frames and write to output
+    // Convert interleaved f32 samples to planar f32 format (no conversion needed, just rearrange)
+    let num_frames = pcm_samples.len() / settings.channels as usize;
+    let planar_samples = convert_to_planar_f32(&pcm_samples, settings.channels);
+
+    // Get encoder frame size
+    let frame_size = encoder.frame_size();
+    let samples_per_frame = if frame_size > 0 {
+        frame_size as usize
+    } else {
+        1024 // Default AAC frame size
+    };
+
+    // Encode in chunks
+    let mut samples_encoded = 0;
+    while samples_encoded < num_frames {
+        if cancel_flag.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+            return Err("Export cancelled".to_string());
+        }
+
+        let samples_remaining = num_frames - samples_encoded;
+        let chunk_size = samples_remaining.min(samples_per_frame);
+
+        // Create audio frame
+        let mut frame = ffmpeg::frame::Audio::new(
+            ffmpeg::format::Sample::F32(ffmpeg::format::sample::Type::Planar),
+            chunk_size,
+            channel_layout,
+        );
+        frame.set_rate(settings.sample_rate);
+
+        // Copy planar samples to frame
+        unsafe {
+            for ch in 0..settings.channels as usize {
+                let plane = frame.data_mut(ch);
+                let offset = samples_encoded;
+                let src = &planar_samples[ch][offset..offset + chunk_size];
+
+                std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+                    src.as_ptr() as *const u8,
+                    plane.as_mut_ptr(),
+                    chunk_size * std::mem::size_of::<f32>(),
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Send frame to encoder
+        encoder.send_frame(&frame)
+            .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to send frame: {}", e))?;
+
+        // Receive and write packets
+        receive_and_write_packets(&mut encoder, &mut output)?;
+
+        samples_encoded += chunk_size;
+    }
+
+    // Flush encoder
+    encoder.send_eof()
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to send EOF: {}", e))?;
+    receive_and_write_packets(&mut encoder, &mut output)?;
+
+    // Write trailer
+    output.write_trailer()
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to write trailer: {}", e))?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_export_audio_validation() {
+        let mut settings = AudioExportSettings::default();
+        settings.sample_rate = 0; // Invalid
+
+        let project = Project::new(44100);
+        let pool = AudioPool::new();
+        let midi_pool = MidiClipPool::new();
+        let cancel_flag = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+
+        let result = export_audio(
+            &mut project.clone(),
+            &pool,
+            &midi_pool,
+            &settings,
+            "/tmp/test.wav",
+            &cancel_flag,
+        );
+
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        assert!(result.unwrap_err().contains("Sample rate"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_export_audio_cancellation() {
+        let settings = AudioExportSettings::default();
+        let mut project = Project::new(44100);
+        let pool = AudioPool::new();
+        let midi_pool = MidiClipPool::new();
+        let cancel_flag = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(true)); // Pre-cancelled
+
+        let result = export_audio(
+            &mut project,
+            &pool,
+            &midi_pool,
+            &settings,
+            "/tmp/test.wav",
+            &cancel_flag,
+        );
+
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        assert!(result.unwrap_err().contains("cancelled"));
+    }
+}

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/export/cpu_yuv_converter.rs

@@ -101,94 +101,6 @@ impl CpuYuvConverter {
     }
 }
 
-/// CPU RGBA→YUV422P10LE converter (10-bit, 4:2:2) via swscale, for ProRes 422 export.
-///
-/// ProRes (`prores_ks`) requires a 10-bit 4:2:2 input; the SDR pipeline otherwise produces 8-bit
-/// 4:2:0. Source is still 8-bit RGBA (bit-depth is promoted, not conjured), which is normal for
-/// SDR ProRes. BT.709 with the requested range, matching the encoder's color tags.
-pub struct CpuYuv422P10Converter {
-    width: u32,
-    height: u32,
-    scaler: ffmpeg::software::scaling::Context,
-    rgba_frame: ffmpeg::frame::Video,
-    yuv_frame: ffmpeg::frame::Video,
-}
-
-impl CpuYuv422P10Converter {
-    pub fn new(width: u32, height: u32, full_range: bool) -> Result<Self, String> {
-        let mut scaler = ffmpeg::software::scaling::Context::get(
-            ffmpeg::format::Pixel::RGBA, width, height,
-            ffmpeg::format::Pixel::YUV422P10LE, width, height,
-            ffmpeg::software::scaling::Flags::BILINEAR,
-        )
-        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to create YUV422P10 swscale context: {}", e))?;
-
-        // BT.709, requested output range (matches setup_video_encoder's SDR tags). No safe
-        // ffmpeg-next wrapper for sws_setColorspaceDetails, so this is the raw call (as in
-        // CpuYuvConverter::new above).
-        unsafe {
-            let coeffs = ffmpeg::ffi::sws_getCoefficients(ffmpeg::ffi::SWS_CS_ITU709 as i32);
-            let dst_range = if full_range { 1 } else { 0 };
-            let one = 1 << 16;
-            ffmpeg::ffi::sws_setColorspaceDetails(
-                scaler.as_mut_ptr(),
-                coeffs, 1,
-                coeffs, dst_range,
-                0, one, one,
-            );
-        }
-
-        let rgba_frame = ffmpeg::frame::Video::new(ffmpeg::format::Pixel::RGBA, width, height);
-        let yuv_frame = ffmpeg::frame::Video::new(ffmpeg::format::Pixel::YUV422P10LE, width, height);
-        Ok(Self { width, height, scaler, rgba_frame, yuv_frame })
-    }
-
-    /// Convert packed RGBA (width*height*4) to tight YUV422P10LE planes (little-endian, 2 bytes per
-    /// sample): Y is width×height, U and V are (width/2)×height. Planes are returned tight (stride
-    /// padding stripped) to match what `encode_frame` expects.
-    pub fn convert(&mut self, rgba_data: &[u8]) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>), String> {
-        let expected = (self.width * self.height * 4) as usize;
-        assert_eq!(rgba_data.len(), expected,
-            "RGBA data size mismatch: expected {} bytes, got {}", expected, rgba_data.len());
-
-        // Copy RGBA into the source frame honoring its stride (may be padded).
-        let row_bytes = (self.width * 4) as usize;
-        let src_stride = self.rgba_frame.stride(0);
-        {
-            let dst = self.rgba_frame.data_mut(0);
-            for row in 0..self.height as usize {
-                let s = row * row_bytes;
-                let d = row * src_stride;
-                dst[d..d + row_bytes].copy_from_slice(&rgba_data[s..s + row_bytes]);
-            }
-        }
-
-        self.scaler
-            .run(&self.rgba_frame, &mut self.yuv_frame)
-            .map_err(|e| format!("YUV422P10 swscale conversion failed: {}", e))?;
-
-        // Extract each plane tight (2 bytes/sample). Y: width samples/row × height rows.
-        // Chroma (4:2:2): width/2 samples/row × height rows.
-        let extract = |frame: &ffmpeg::frame::Video, idx: usize, samples_w: usize, rows: usize| {
-            let bytes_per_row = samples_w * 2;
-            let stride = frame.stride(idx);
-            let data = frame.data(idx);
-            let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(bytes_per_row * rows);
-            for row in 0..rows {
-                let start = row * stride;
-                out.extend_from_slice(&data[start..start + bytes_per_row]);
-            }
-            out
-        };
-        let (w, h) = (self.width as usize, self.height as usize);
-        let y_plane = extract(&self.yuv_frame, 0, w, h);
-        let u_plane = extract(&self.yuv_frame, 1, w / 2, h);
-        let v_plane = extract(&self.yuv_frame, 2, w / 2, h);
-
-        Ok((y_plane, u_plane, v_plane))
-    }
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
@@ -219,20 +131,6 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(v.len(), (1920 / 2) * (1080 / 2));
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn test_yuv422p10_output_sizes() {
-        // Use a width that forces swscale linesize padding (not a multiple of 32/64) to exercise
-        // the stride-stripping extraction.
-        let (w, h) = (1000u32, 720u32);
-        let mut c = CpuYuv422P10Converter::new(w, h, false).unwrap();
-        let rgba = vec![0u8; (w * h * 4) as usize];
-        let (y, u, v) = c.convert(&rgba).unwrap();
-        // 10-bit → 2 bytes/sample. Y full res; U/V half width, full height (4:2:2).
-        assert_eq!(y.len(), (w * h * 2) as usize);
-        assert_eq!(u.len(), ((w / 2) * h * 2) as usize);
-        assert_eq!(v.len(), ((w / 2) * h * 2) as usize);
-    }
-
     #[test]
     #[should_panic(expected = "RGBA data size mismatch")]
     fn test_wrong_input_size_panics() {

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/export/dialog.rs

@@ -5,42 +5,11 @@
 use eframe::egui;
 use lightningbeam_core::export::{
     AudioExportSettings, AudioFormat,
-    GifExportSettings,
     ImageExportSettings, ImageFormat,
     VideoExportSettings, VideoCodec, VideoQuality, ColorRange,
 };
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
-/// The OS username (`$USER` / `%USERNAME%`), or empty if unavailable. Used as a default Artist tag.
-fn os_username() -> String {
-    std::env::var("USER")
-        .or_else(|_| std::env::var("USERNAME"))
-        .unwrap_or_default()
-}
-
-/// Current civil year (UTC) computed from the system clock — avoids pulling in a date crate.
-fn current_year() -> i64 {
-    let secs = std::time::SystemTime::now()
-        .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
-        .map(|d| d.as_secs())
-        .unwrap_or(0) as i64;
-    year_from_unix_secs(secs)
-}
-
-/// Civil year (UTC) for a Unix timestamp, via Howard Hinnant's `civil_from_days` algorithm.
-fn year_from_unix_secs(secs: i64) -> i64 {
-    let days = secs.div_euclid(86_400);
-    let z = days + 719_468;
-    let era = if z >= 0 { z } else { z - 146_096 } / 146_097;
-    let doe = z - era * 146_097; // [0, 146096]
-    let yoe = (doe - doe / 1460 + doe / 36_524 - doe / 146_096) / 365; // [0, 399]
-    let y = yoe + era * 400;
-    let doy = doe - (365 * yoe + yoe / 4 - yoe / 100); // [0, 365]
-    let mp = (5 * doy + 2) / 153; // [0, 11]
-    let m = if mp < 10 { mp + 3 } else { mp - 9 }; // [1, 12]
-    y + if m <= 2 { 1 } else { 0 }
-}
-
 /// Hint about document content, used to pick a smart default export type.
 pub struct DocumentHint {
     pub has_video: bool,
@@ -56,8 +25,6 @@ pub enum ExportType {
     Audio,
     Image,
     Video,
-    /// Animated GIF (multi-frame, palette-quantized, no audio).
-    Gif,
     /// Vector-only SVG of the current frame (lossless; raster/video layers skipped).
     Svg,
 }
@@ -69,8 +36,6 @@ pub enum ExportResult {
     Image(ImageExportSettings, PathBuf),
     VideoOnly(VideoExportSettings, PathBuf),
     VideoWithAudio(VideoExportSettings, AudioExportSettings, PathBuf),
-    /// Animated GIF export.
-    Gif(GifExportSettings, PathBuf),
     /// SVG of vector layers at the given document time.
     Svg(f64, PathBuf),
 }
@@ -92,9 +57,6 @@ pub struct ExportDialog {
     /// Video export settings
     pub video_settings: VideoExportSettings,
 
-    /// Animated GIF export settings
-    pub gif_settings: GifExportSettings,
-
     /// Include audio with video?
     pub include_audio: bool,
 
@@ -142,7 +104,6 @@ impl Default for ExportDialog {
             audio_settings: AudioExportSettings::standard_mp3(),
             image_settings: ImageExportSettings::default(),
             video_settings: VideoExportSettings::default(),
-            gif_settings: GifExportSettings::default(),
             include_audio: true,
             output_path: None,
             error_message: None,
@@ -159,18 +120,10 @@ impl Default for ExportDialog {
 
 impl ExportDialog {
     /// Open the dialog with default settings, using `hint` to pick a smart default tab.
-    pub fn open(
-        &mut self,
-        timeline_duration: f64,
-        project_name: &str,
-        hint: &DocumentHint,
-        last_artist: &str,
-        last_album: &str,
-    ) {
+    pub fn open(&mut self, timeline_duration: f64, project_name: &str, hint: &DocumentHint) {
         self.open = true;
         self.audio_settings.end_time = timeline_duration;
         self.video_settings.end_time = timeline_duration;
-        self.gif_settings.end_time   = timeline_duration;
         self.image_settings.time     = hint.current_time;
         // Propagate document dimensions as defaults (None means "use doc size").
         self.image_settings.width  = None;
@@ -190,24 +143,6 @@ impl ExportDialog {
             else if only_raster      { ExportType::Image }
             else                     { self.export_type  } // keep current as fallback
         };
-        // Sensible tag defaults, only filled when empty so a user's edits are never clobbered:
-        //  • Title  → project name (on a project switch)
-        //  • Year   → current year
-        //  • Artist → last-used artist, else the OS username
-        //  • Album  → last-used album
-        let meta = &mut self.audio_settings.metadata;
-        if meta.title.is_empty() && !same_project {
-            meta.title = project_name.to_owned();
-        }
-        if meta.year.is_empty() {
-            meta.year = current_year().to_string();
-        }
-        if meta.artist.is_empty() {
-            meta.artist = if !last_artist.is_empty() { last_artist.to_owned() } else { os_username() };
-        }
-        if meta.album.is_empty() && !last_album.is_empty() {
-            meta.album = last_album.to_owned();
-        }
         self.current_project = project_name.to_owned();
 
         // Restore the last exported path if available; otherwise default to project name.
@@ -225,7 +160,6 @@ impl ExportDialog {
             ExportType::Audio => self.audio_settings.format.extension(),
             ExportType::Image => self.image_settings.format.extension(),
             ExportType::Video => self.video_settings.codec.container_format(),
-            ExportType::Gif => "gif",
             ExportType::Svg => "svg",
         }
     }
@@ -269,7 +203,6 @@ impl ExportDialog {
             ExportType::Audio => "Export Audio",
             ExportType::Image => "Export Image",
             ExportType::Video => "Export Video",
-            ExportType::Gif => "Export GIF",
             ExportType::Svg => "Export SVG",
         };
 
@@ -292,7 +225,6 @@ impl ExportDialog {
                         (ExportType::Audio, "Audio"),
                         (ExportType::Image, "Image"),
                         (ExportType::Video, "Video"),
-                        (ExportType::Gif, "GIF"),
                         (ExportType::Svg, "SVG"),
                     ] {
                         if ui.selectable_value(&mut self.export_type, variant, label).clicked() {
@@ -310,7 +242,6 @@ impl ExportDialog {
                     ExportType::Audio => self.render_audio_basic(ui),
                     ExportType::Image => self.render_image_settings(ui),
                     ExportType::Video => self.render_video_basic(ui),
-                    ExportType::Gif => self.render_gif_basic(ui),
                     ExportType::Svg => self.render_svg_settings(ui),
                 }
 
@@ -330,7 +261,6 @@ impl ExportDialog {
                         ExportType::Audio => self.render_audio_advanced(ui),
                         ExportType::Image => self.render_image_advanced(ui),
                         ExportType::Video => self.render_video_advanced(ui),
-                        ExportType::Gif => self.render_gif_advanced(ui),
                         ExportType::Svg => {} // SVG has no advanced settings
                     }
                 }
@@ -530,50 +460,10 @@ impl ExportDialog {
 
         ui.add_space(8.0);
 
-        // Tag metadata (ID3 / MP4 / Vorbis / RIFF-INFO depending on format).
-        self.render_audio_metadata(ui);
-
-        ui.add_space(8.0);
-
         // Time range
         self.render_time_range(ui);
     }
 
-    /// Render the audio tag-metadata fields (title/artist/album/…). Written into the file on export.
-    fn render_audio_metadata(&mut self, ui: &mut egui::Ui) {
-        let m = &mut self.audio_settings.metadata;
-        ui.label(egui::RichText::new("Tags").strong());
-        // Placeholder styling: italic + a clearly faded color so an empty field's hint never reads
-        // as a real value (the theme's default weak color is too close to the text color). An
-        // explicit color overrides egui's weak-color fallback for hint text.
-        let hint_color = {
-            let t = ui.visuals().text_color();
-            egui::Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(t.r(), t.g(), t.b(), 100)
-        };
-        let year_hint = format!("e.g. {}", current_year());
-        egui::Grid::new("audio_metadata_grid")
-            .num_columns(2)
-            .spacing([8.0, 4.0])
-            .show(ui, |ui| {
-                let row = |ui: &mut egui::Ui, label: &str, val: &mut String, hint: &str| {
-                    ui.label(label);
-                    ui.add(
-                        egui::TextEdit::singleline(val)
-                            .hint_text(egui::RichText::new(hint).italics().color(hint_color))
-                            .desired_width(260.0),
-                    );
-                    ui.end_row();
-                };
-                row(ui, "Title", &mut m.title, "e.g. My Song");
-                row(ui, "Artist", &mut m.artist, "e.g. Jane Doe");
-                row(ui, "Album", &mut m.album, "e.g. Greatest Hits");
-                row(ui, "Genre", &mut m.genre, "e.g. Electronic");
-                row(ui, "Year", &mut m.year, &year_hint);
-                row(ui, "Track", &mut m.track, "e.g. 1 or 1/12");
-                row(ui, "Comment", &mut m.comment, "Optional notes…");
-            });
-    }
-
     /// Video presets: (name, codec, quality, width, height, fps)
     const VIDEO_PRESETS: &'static [(&'static str, VideoCodec, VideoQuality, u32, u32, f64)] = &[
         ("1080p H.264 (Standard)",  VideoCodec::H264, VideoQuality::High,     1920, 1080, 30.0),
@@ -724,65 +614,12 @@ impl ExportDialog {
         self.render_time_range(ui);
     }
 
-    /// GIF frame-rate presets (fps). GIF delays are centisecond-quantized, so these map to clean
-    /// per-frame delays (10/15/20/25/50 fps → 100/70/50/40/20 ms after rounding).
-    const GIF_FPS: &'static [f64] = &[10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 50.0];
-
-    /// Render basic GIF settings (frame rate + loop).
-    fn render_gif_basic(&mut self, ui: &mut egui::Ui) {
-        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
-            ui.label("Frame rate:");
-            egui::ComboBox::from_id_salt("gif_fps")
-                .selected_text(format!("{} fps", self.gif_settings.framerate as u32))
-                .show_ui(ui, |ui| {
-                    for &fps in Self::GIF_FPS {
-                        ui.selectable_value(&mut self.gif_settings.framerate, fps, format!("{} fps", fps as u32));
-                    }
-                });
-        });
-
-        ui.checkbox(&mut self.gif_settings.loop_forever, "Loop forever");
-
-        ui.add_space(8.0);
-        self.render_time_range(ui);
-    }
-
-    /// Render advanced GIF settings (resolution, fit, transparency).
-    fn render_gif_advanced(&mut self, ui: &mut egui::Ui) {
-        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
-            ui.label("Size:");
-            let mut w = self.gif_settings.width.unwrap_or(0);
-            let mut h = self.gif_settings.height.unwrap_or(0);
-            let changed_w = ui.add(egui::DragValue::new(&mut w).range(0..=u32::MAX).prefix("W ")).changed();
-            let changed_h = ui.add(egui::DragValue::new(&mut h).range(0..=u32::MAX).prefix("H ")).changed();
-            if changed_w { self.gif_settings.width  = if w == 0 { None } else { Some(w) }; }
-            if changed_h { self.gif_settings.height = if h == 0 { None } else { Some(h) }; }
-            ui.weak("(0 = document size)");
-        });
-
-        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
-            use lightningbeam_core::export::ExportFitMode;
-            ui.label("Fit:");
-            egui::ComboBox::from_id_salt("gif_fit_mode")
-                .selected_text(self.gif_settings.fit.name())
-                .show_ui(ui, |ui| {
-                    ui.selectable_value(&mut self.gif_settings.fit, ExportFitMode::Letterbox, ExportFitMode::Letterbox.name());
-                    ui.selectable_value(&mut self.gif_settings.fit, ExportFitMode::Crop, ExportFitMode::Crop.name());
-                    ui.selectable_value(&mut self.gif_settings.fit, ExportFitMode::Stretch, ExportFitMode::Stretch.name());
-                });
-        });
-
-        ui.checkbox(&mut self.gif_settings.transparency, "Preserve transparency (1-bit)");
-        ui.label(egui::RichText::new("GIF supports only on/off transparency; semi-transparent pixels are keyed out.").weak().small());
-    }
-
     /// Render time range UI (common to both audio and video)
     fn render_time_range(&mut self, ui: &mut egui::Ui) {
         let (start_time, end_time) = match self.export_type {
             ExportType::Audio => (&mut self.audio_settings.start_time, &mut self.audio_settings.end_time),
             ExportType::Image | ExportType::Svg => return, // single time field, not a range
             ExportType::Video => (&mut self.video_settings.start_time, &mut self.video_settings.end_time),
-            ExportType::Gif => (&mut self.gif_settings.start_time, &mut self.gif_settings.end_time),
         };
 
         ui.horizontal(|ui| {
@@ -856,13 +693,6 @@ impl ExportDialog {
                 Some(ExportResult::Image(self.image_settings.clone(), output_path))
             }
             ExportType::Svg => Some(ExportResult::Svg(self.image_settings.time, output_path)),
-            ExportType::Gif => {
-                if let Err(err) = self.gif_settings.validate() {
-                    self.error_message = Some(err);
-                    return None;
-                }
-                Some(ExportResult::Gif(self.gif_settings.clone(), output_path))
-            }
             ExportType::Audio => {
                 // Validate audio settings
                 if let Err(err) = self.audio_settings.validate() {
@@ -1031,30 +861,3 @@ impl ExportProgressDialog {
         should_cancel
     }
 }
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn year_from_unix_secs_known_values() {
-        assert_eq!(year_from_unix_secs(0), 1970); // Unix epoch
-        assert_eq!(year_from_unix_secs(946_684_800), 2000); // 2000-01-01
-        assert_eq!(year_from_unix_secs(1_735_689_600), 2025); // 2025-01-01
-        assert_eq!(year_from_unix_secs(1_767_225_599), 2025); // 2025-12-31 23:59:59
-        assert_eq!(year_from_unix_secs(1_767_225_600), 2026); // 2026-01-01
-
-        // Post-2038: these timestamps exceed i32::MAX (2_147_483_647) — and the last exceeds
-        // u32::MAX — so a 32-bit time_t would wrap here. i64 math handles them correctly.
-        assert_eq!(year_from_unix_secs(2_148_595_200), 2038); // 2038-02-01 (> i32::MAX)
-        assert_eq!(year_from_unix_secs(2_223_331_200), 2040); // 2040-06-15
-        assert_eq!(year_from_unix_secs(4_102_444_800), 2100); // 2100-01-01 (not a leap year)
-        assert_eq!(year_from_unix_secs(9_214_646_400), 2262); // 2262-01-01 (> u32::MAX)
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn current_year_is_plausible() {
-        let y = current_year();
-        assert!((2020..3000).contains(&y), "implausible year: {y}");
-    }
-}

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/export/gif_exporter.rs

@@ -1,196 +0,0 @@
-//! Animated GIF encoding.
-//!
-//! Palette-quantizes a stream of RGBA8 frames and writes them to a `.gif`. The expensive part —
-//! per-frame NeuQuant 256-color quantization — is embarrassingly parallel (each frame gets its own
-//! local palette), so it's fanned out across a worker pool. A single writer thread collects the
-//! quantized frames, reorders them, and LZW-encodes them to the file in sequence.
-//!
-//! Pipeline (all off the UI thread):
-//! ```text
-//!   UI render thread ──RGBA──▶ coordinator ──round-robin──▶ N quantizer workers
-//!                                                                   │ (idx, gif::Frame)
-//!                                                                   ▼
-//!                                                             writer thread ──▶ .gif
-//! ```
-//! Rendering + readback happen on the UI thread (see `render_next_gif_frame`); this module owns
-//! everything after a raw RGBA frame arrives.
-
-use lightningbeam_core::export::ExportProgress;
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::path::PathBuf;
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
-use std::sync::mpsc::{channel, Receiver, Sender};
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-/// Message from the UI (render) thread to the GIF encoder coordinator.
-pub enum GifFrameMessage {
-    /// One RGBA8 frame (top-left origin, tightly packed `width*height*4` bytes).
-    Frame { frame_num: usize, pixels: Vec<u8> },
-    /// All frames have been sent.
-    Done,
-}
-
-/// gif crate quantization speed (1 = slowest/best, 30 = fastest/worst). 10 balances palette quality
-/// against per-frame cost; the parallelism below is what actually recovers the wall-clock.
-const QUANT_SPEED: i32 = 10;
-
-/// Run the GIF encoder pipeline. Receives RGBA8 frames from `frame_rx`, quantizes them in parallel,
-/// and writes the ordered result to `output_path`, reporting progress. `transparency == false`
-/// composites each frame onto opaque black first (GIF's 1-bit transparency would otherwise key out
-/// semi-transparent pixels).
-#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-pub fn run_gif_encoder(
-    frame_rx: Receiver<GifFrameMessage>,
-    output_path: PathBuf,
-    width: u32,
-    height: u32,
-    total_frames: usize,
-    delay_ms: u32,
-    loop_forever: bool,
-    transparency: bool,
-    progress_tx: Sender<ExportProgress>,
-    cancel_flag: Arc<AtomicBool>,
-) {
-    let _ = progress_tx.send(ExportProgress::Started { total_frames });
-
-    let delay_cs = ((delay_ms / 10).max(1)) as u16;
-    let expected_len = (width as usize) * (height as usize) * 4;
-
-    // One quantizer worker per spare core (leave one for the UI render thread), capped so we don't
-    // spawn absurdly many for short exports.
-    let n_workers = std::thread::available_parallelism()
-        .map(|n| n.get().saturating_sub(1))
-        .unwrap_or(1)
-        .clamp(1, 8);
-
-    // Per-worker input channels (coordinator dispatches round-robin) + one shared result channel.
-    let mut worker_txs: Vec<Sender<(usize, Vec<u8>)>> = Vec::with_capacity(n_workers);
-    let (result_tx, result_rx) = channel::<(usize, gif::Frame<'static>)>();
-    let mut worker_handles = Vec::with_capacity(n_workers);
-
-    for _ in 0..n_workers {
-        let (wtx, wrx) = channel::<(usize, Vec<u8>)>();
-        worker_txs.push(wtx);
-        let result_tx = result_tx.clone();
-        let cancel = Arc::clone(&cancel_flag);
-        worker_handles.push(std::thread::spawn(move || {
-            while let Ok((idx, mut pixels)) = wrx.recv() {
-                if cancel.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
-                    break;
-                }
-                // NeuQuant local-palette quantization (the expensive step). `from_rgba_speed` uses
-                // the RGBA buffer as scratch, so it's fine that we own `pixels` here.
-                let mut frame =
-                    gif::Frame::from_rgba_speed(width as u16, height as u16, &mut pixels, QUANT_SPEED);
-                frame.delay = delay_cs;
-                if result_tx.send((idx, frame)).is_err() {
-                    break; // writer gone
-                }
-            }
-        }));
-    }
-    drop(result_tx); // only the workers hold senders now; writer's rx ends when they all finish
-
-    // Writer thread: order frames by index and LZW-encode them sequentially.
-    let writer_progress = progress_tx.clone();
-    let writer_cancel = Arc::clone(&cancel_flag);
-    let writer_output = output_path.clone();
-    let writer = std::thread::spawn(move || -> Result<(), String> {
-        let file = std::fs::File::create(&writer_output)
-            .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to create GIF file: {e}"))?;
-        let mut buf = std::io::BufWriter::new(file);
-        let mut encoder = gif::Encoder::new(&mut buf, width as u16, height as u16, &[])
-            .map_err(|e| format!("GIF encoder init failed: {e}"))?;
-        if loop_forever {
-            encoder
-                .set_repeat(gif::Repeat::Infinite)
-                .map_err(|e| format!("GIF set_repeat failed: {e}"))?;
-        }
-
-        // Frames may arrive out of order; hold stragglers until their turn.
-        let mut pending: HashMap<usize, gif::Frame<'static>> = HashMap::new();
-        let mut next = 0usize;
-        let mut written = 0usize;
-
-        while let Ok((idx, frame)) = result_rx.recv() {
-            if writer_cancel.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
-                break;
-            }
-            pending.insert(idx, frame);
-            while let Some(f) = pending.remove(&next) {
-                encoder
-                    .write_frame(&f)
-                    .map_err(|e| format!("GIF write_frame failed: {e}"))?;
-                next += 1;
-                written += 1;
-                let _ = writer_progress.send(ExportProgress::FrameRendered {
-                    frame: written,
-                    total: total_frames,
-                });
-            }
-        }
-        // Encoder/BufWriter flush on drop.
-        Ok(())
-    });
-
-    // Coordinator: pull RGBA frames from the UI thread and dispatch round-robin to the workers.
-    let mut dispatched = 0usize;
-    let mut fatal: Option<String> = None;
-    loop {
-        match frame_rx.recv() {
-            Ok(GifFrameMessage::Frame { frame_num, mut pixels }) => {
-                if cancel_flag.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
-                    break;
-                }
-                if pixels.len() != expected_len {
-                    fatal = Some("GIF frame size mismatch".into());
-                    break;
-                }
-                if !transparency {
-                    // Premultiply onto opaque black, then force alpha opaque.
-                    for px in pixels.chunks_exact_mut(4) {
-                        let a = px[3] as u32;
-                        px[0] = (px[0] as u32 * a / 255) as u8;
-                        px[1] = (px[1] as u32 * a / 255) as u8;
-                        px[2] = (px[2] as u32 * a / 255) as u8;
-                        px[3] = 255;
-                    }
-                }
-                let w = dispatched % n_workers;
-                if worker_txs[w].send((frame_num, pixels)).is_err() {
-                    fatal = Some("GIF quantizer worker died".into());
-                    break;
-                }
-                dispatched += 1;
-            }
-            Ok(GifFrameMessage::Done) => break,
-            Err(_) => break, // UI thread dropped the sender
-        }
-    }
-
-    let _ = progress_tx.send(ExportProgress::Finalizing);
-
-    // Close worker inputs → workers finish → their result senders drop → writer's loop ends.
-    drop(worker_txs);
-    for h in worker_handles {
-        let _ = h.join();
-    }
-    let writer_result = writer.join().unwrap_or_else(|_| Err("GIF writer thread panicked".into()));
-
-    if cancel_flag.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
-        std::fs::remove_file(&output_path).ok();
-        // Emit Complete so the UI poll loop clears its state; the dialog was closed on cancel.
-        let _ = progress_tx.send(ExportProgress::Complete { output_path });
-        return;
-    }
-
-    match fatal.or_else(|| writer_result.err()) {
-        Some(message) => {
-            std::fs::remove_file(&output_path).ok();
-            let _ = progress_tx.send(ExportProgress::Error { message });
-        }
-        None => {
-            let _ = progress_tx.send(ExportProgress::Complete { output_path });
-        }
-    }
-}

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/export/gpu_yuv.rs

@@ -175,9 +175,7 @@ impl GpuYuv {
 }
 
 /// CPU reference for the exact math/layout the shader produces — used by unit tests so
-/// the packing and BT.709 coefficients stay verifiable without a GPU. Test-only, so it isn't
-/// compiled into (and flagged as unused by) release builds.
-#[cfg(test)]
+/// the packing and BT.709 coefficients stay verifiable without a GPU.
 fn cpu_reference(rgba: &[u8], width: u32, height: u32, full_range: bool) -> Vec<u8> {
     let w = width as usize;
     let h = height as usize;

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/export/image_exporter.rs

@@ -45,179 +45,13 @@ pub fn save_rgba_image(
             encoder.encode_image(&rgb_img).map_err(|e| format!("JPEG encode failed: {e}"))
         }
         ImageFormat::WebP => {
-            // `image` 0.25's WebP encoder is lossless-only, which ignored the quality slider and
-            // produced needlessly large files. Encode lossy WebP via ffmpeg's libwebp instead so
-            // the quality control is real; alpha is preserved (as YUVA420P) when requested.
-            save_webp_ffmpeg(pixels, width, height, quality, allow_transparency, path)
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Encode a single frame as lossy WebP via ffmpeg's `libwebp` encoder.
-///
-/// `quality` is libwebp's 0–100 quality factor. When `allow_transparency` is true the source is
-/// converted to YUVA420P so libwebp keeps the alpha channel; otherwise it's flattened onto black
-/// and converted to YUV420P. Uses swscale's default BT.601 conversion (matching a plain
-/// `ffmpeg -i in.png out.webp`).
-fn save_webp_ffmpeg(
-    pixels: &[u8],
-    width: u32,
-    height: u32,
-    quality: u8,
-    allow_transparency: bool,
-    path: &Path,
-) -> Result<(), String> {
-    use ffmpeg_next as ffmpeg;
-
-    ffmpeg::init().map_err(|e| format!("Failed to initialize ffmpeg: {e}"))?;
-
-    let codec = ffmpeg::encoder::find_by_name("libwebp")
-        .or_else(|| ffmpeg::encoder::find(ffmpeg::codec::Id::WEBP))
-        .ok_or("libwebp encoder not available in this ffmpeg build")?;
-
-    // Flatten onto black up front when alpha isn't wanted, so the source is fully opaque.
-    let src_rgba: Vec<u8> = if allow_transparency {
-        pixels.to_vec()
-    } else {
-        let mut v = pixels.to_vec();
-        for px in v.chunks_exact_mut(4) {
-            let a = px[3] as u32;
-            px[0] = (px[0] as u32 * a / 255) as u8;
-            px[1] = (px[1] as u32 * a / 255) as u8;
-            px[2] = (px[2] as u32 * a / 255) as u8;
-            px[3] = 255;
-        }
-        v
-    };
-
-    let dst_pix = if allow_transparency {
-        ffmpeg::format::Pixel::YUVA420P
-    } else {
-        ffmpeg::format::Pixel::YUV420P
-    };
-
-    // RGBA → YUV(A)420P (swscale defaults: BT.601, limited range — what libwebp expects).
-    let mut scaler = ffmpeg::software::scaling::Context::get(
-        ffmpeg::format::Pixel::RGBA, width, height,
-        dst_pix, width, height,
-        ffmpeg::software::scaling::Flags::BILINEAR,
-    )
-    .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to create swscale context: {e}"))?;
-
-    let mut src = ffmpeg::frame::Video::new(ffmpeg::format::Pixel::RGBA, width, height);
-    // Copy row-by-row honoring the frame's stride (may exceed width*4 due to alignment padding).
-    let stride = src.stride(0);
-    let row_bytes = (width * 4) as usize;
-    {
-        let dst = src.data_mut(0);
-        for y in 0..height as usize {
-            let s = y * row_bytes;
-            let d = y * stride;
-            dst[d..d + row_bytes].copy_from_slice(&src_rgba[s..s + row_bytes]);
-        }
-    }
-
-    let mut yuv = ffmpeg::frame::Video::new(dst_pix, width, height);
-    scaler.run(&src, &mut yuv).map_err(|e| format!("swscale conversion failed: {e}"))?;
-    yuv.set_pts(Some(0));
-
-    let mut octx = ffmpeg::format::output(&path)
-        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to create WebP output: {e}"))?;
-
-    let mut enc = ffmpeg::codec::Context::new_with_codec(codec)
-        .encoder()
-        .video()
-        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to create WebP encoder: {e}"))?;
-    enc.set_width(width);
-    enc.set_height(height);
-    enc.set_format(dst_pix);
-    enc.set_time_base(ffmpeg::Rational(1, 1));
-
-    // libwebp private options: quality 0–100, lossy.
-    let mut opts = ffmpeg::Dictionary::new();
-    opts.set("quality", &quality.to_string());
-    opts.set("lossless", "0");
-    let mut enc = enc
-        .open_with(opts)
-        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to open libwebp encoder: {e}"))?;
-
-    {
-        let mut stream = octx.add_stream(codec)
-            .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to add WebP stream: {e}"))?;
-        stream.set_parameters(&enc);
-        stream.set_time_base(ffmpeg::Rational(1, 1));
-    }
-
-    octx.write_header().map_err(|e| format!("Failed to write WebP header: {e}"))?;
-    enc.send_frame(&yuv).map_err(|e| format!("Failed to send WebP frame: {e}"))?;
-    enc.send_eof().map_err(|e| format!("Failed to flush WebP encoder: {e}"))?;
-
-    let mut packet = ffmpeg::Packet::empty();
-    while enc.receive_packet(&mut packet).is_ok() {
-        packet.set_stream(0);
-        packet
-            .write_interleaved(&mut octx)
-            .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to write WebP packet: {e}"))?;
-    }
-
-    octx.write_trailer().map_err(|e| format!("Failed to finalize WebP: {e}"))?;
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-    use lightningbeam_core::export::ImageFormat;
-
-    /// A gradient RGBA image so the encoder has real content to quantize/compress.
-    fn gradient(width: u32, height: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
-        let mut px = Vec::with_capacity((width * height * 4) as usize);
-        for y in 0..height {
-            for x in 0..width {
-                px.push((x * 255 / width.max(1)) as u8);
-                px.push((y * 255 / height.max(1)) as u8);
-                px.push(128);
-                px.push(255);
+            if allow_transparency {
+                img.save(path).map_err(|e| format!("WebP save failed: {e}"))
+            } else {
+                let flat = flatten_alpha(img);
+                flat.save(path).map_err(|e| format!("WebP save failed: {e}"))
             }
         }
-        px
-    }
-
-    /// The ffmpeg libwebp path must produce a valid *lossy* WebP (RIFF/WEBP container with a
-    /// `VP8 ` chunk — lossless would be `VP8L`), and the quality knob must actually change size.
-    #[test]
-    fn webp_export_is_real_lossy() {
-        let (w, h) = (96u32, 64u32);
-        let px = gradient(w, h);
-        let dir = std::env::temp_dir();
-        let lo = dir.join("lb_webp_q10_test.webp");
-        let hi = dir.join("lb_webp_q95_test.webp");
-
-        save_webp_ffmpeg(&px, w, h, 10, false, &lo).expect("low-quality webp encode");
-        save_webp_ffmpeg(&px, w, h, 95, false, &hi).expect("high-quality webp encode");
-
-        let lo_bytes = std::fs::read(&lo).unwrap();
-        let hi_bytes = std::fs::read(&hi).unwrap();
-
-        // RIFF....WEBP container.
-        assert_eq!(&lo_bytes[0..4], b"RIFF", "not a RIFF container");
-        assert_eq!(&lo_bytes[8..12], b"WEBP", "not a WEBP file");
-        // Lossy VP8 chunk (`VP8 ` with trailing space), NOT lossless `VP8L`.
-        assert_eq!(&lo_bytes[12..16], b"VP8 ", "expected lossy VP8, got {:?}", &lo_bytes[12..16]);
-        // The quality knob is honored: q10 is meaningfully smaller than q95.
-        assert!(lo_bytes.len() < hi_bytes.len(),
-            "quality ignored: q10 {} bytes >= q95 {} bytes", lo_bytes.len(), hi_bytes.len());
-
-        std::fs::remove_file(&lo).ok();
-        std::fs::remove_file(&hi).ok();
-    }
-
-    /// The format enum still advertises a quality control for WebP (now that it works).
-    #[test]
-    fn webp_has_quality() {
-        assert!(ImageFormat::WebP.has_quality());
-        assert!(ImageFormat::Jpeg.has_quality());
-        assert!(!ImageFormat::Png.has_quality());
     }
 }
 

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/export/mod.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 //! This module provides the export orchestrator and progress tracking
 //! for exporting audio and video from the timeline.
 
+pub mod audio_exporter;
 pub mod dialog;
-pub mod gif_exporter;
 pub mod image_exporter;
 pub mod video_exporter;
 pub mod readback_pipeline;
@@ -13,8 +13,7 @@ pub mod cpu_yuv_converter;
 pub mod gpu_yuv;
 pub mod hdr_frame;
 
-use lightningbeam_core::export::{AudioExportSettings, GifExportSettings, ImageExportSettings, VideoExportSettings, ExportProgress};
-use gif_exporter::GifFrameMessage;
+use lightningbeam_core::export::{AudioExportSettings, ImageExportSettings, VideoExportSettings, ExportProgress};
 use lightningbeam_core::document::Document;
 use lightningbeam_core::renderer::ImageCache;
 use lightningbeam_core::video::VideoManager;
@@ -69,11 +68,6 @@ pub struct VideoExportState {
     readback_pipeline: Option<readback_pipeline::ReadbackPipeline>,
     /// CPU YUV converter for RGBA→YUV420p conversion
     cpu_yuv_converter: Option<cpu_yuv_converter::CpuYuvConverter>,
-    /// ProRes 422 export: forces the CPU (RGBA) readback path and converts to 10-bit 4:2:2 instead
-    /// of 8-bit 4:2:0. `true` only for `VideoCodec::ProRes422` (SDR).
-    prores: bool,
-    /// CPU RGBA→YUV422P10LE converter, used only on the ProRes path.
-    cpu_yuv422p10: Option<cpu_yuv_converter::CpuYuv422P10Converter>,
     /// Frames that have been submitted to GPU but not yet encoded
     frames_in_flight: usize,
     /// Next frame number to send to encoder (for ordering)
@@ -137,38 +131,6 @@ pub struct ExportOrchestrator {
 
     /// Single-frame image export state
     image_state: Option<ImageExportState>,
-
-    /// Animated GIF export state (frames rendered on the UI thread, encoded on `thread_handle`).
-    gif_state: Option<GifExportState>,
-}
-
-/// State for an in-progress animated GIF export. Frames are rendered + read back on the UI thread
-/// (one per `render_next_gif_frame` call) and streamed to the encoder thread over `frame_tx`.
-struct GifExportState {
-    /// Resolved pixel dimensions (after applying any width/height overrides).
-    width: u32,
-    height: u32,
-    /// Total frames to render.
-    total_frames: usize,
-    /// Next frame index to render (0-based).
-    next_frame: usize,
-    /// Document time (seconds) of frame 0.
-    start_time: f64,
-    /// Seconds between frames (1 / framerate).
-    frame_step: f64,
-    /// How the document is fit into the export frame.
-    fit: lightningbeam_core::export::ExportFitMode,
-    /// Preserve alpha as GIF transparency (else the encoder flattens onto black).
-    transparency: bool,
-    /// GPU resources allocated on the first render call, reused each frame.
-    gpu_resources: Option<video_exporter::ExportGpuResources>,
-    /// Output RGBA texture (kept separate from gpu_resources to avoid split-borrow issues).
-    output_texture: Option<wgpu::Texture>,
-    output_texture_view: Option<wgpu::TextureView>,
-    /// Staging buffer for synchronous GPU→CPU readback (reused each frame).
-    staging_buffer: Option<wgpu::Buffer>,
-    /// Sender to the encoder thread; dropped after the final frame to signal completion.
-    frame_tx: Option<Sender<GifFrameMessage>>,
 }
 
 /// State for parallel audio+video export
@@ -206,7 +168,6 @@ impl ExportOrchestrator {
             video_state: None,
             parallel_export: None,
             image_state: None,
-            gif_state: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -289,7 +250,7 @@ impl ExportOrchestrator {
     /// unconsumed terminal message). Used to gate the UI poll loop so it doesn't run every
     /// repaint forever after an export finishes.
     pub fn has_pending_progress(&self) -> bool {
-        self.parallel_export.is_some() || self.image_state.is_some() || self.gif_state.is_some() || self.progress_rx.is_some()
+        self.parallel_export.is_some() || self.image_state.is_some() || self.progress_rx.is_some()
     }
 
     /// Poll progress for parallel video+audio export
@@ -573,9 +534,6 @@ impl ExportOrchestrator {
         }
         self.video_state = None;
         self.image_state = None;
-        // Dropping gif_state drops its frame sender, unblocking the encoder thread's recv() so it
-        // observes the cancel flag, removes the partial file, and exits.
-        self.gif_state = None;
         self.progress_rx = None;
         self.thread_handle = None;
     }
@@ -584,7 +542,6 @@ impl ExportOrchestrator {
     pub fn is_exporting(&self) -> bool {
         if self.parallel_export.is_some() { return true; }
         if self.image_state.is_some()     { return true; }
-        if self.gif_state.is_some()       { return true; }
         if let Some(handle) = &self.thread_handle {
             !handle.is_finished()
         } else {
@@ -762,196 +719,6 @@ impl ExportOrchestrator {
         result.map(|_| true)
     }
 
-    /// Enqueue an animated GIF export. Spawns the encoder thread now; call `render_next_gif_frame()`
-    /// from the egui update loop (where the wgpu device/queue are available) to render + stream each
-    /// frame to it.
-    pub fn start_gif_export(
-        &mut self,
-        settings: GifExportSettings,
-        output_path: PathBuf,
-        doc_width: u32,
-        doc_height: u32,
-    ) {
-        self.cancel_flag.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
-
-        let width  = settings.width.unwrap_or(doc_width).max(1);
-        let height = settings.height.unwrap_or(doc_height).max(1);
-        let total_frames = settings.total_frames();
-        let delay_ms = settings.frame_delay_ms();
-        let frame_step = 1.0 / settings.framerate;
-
-        let (progress_tx, progress_rx) = channel();
-        let (frame_tx, frame_rx) = channel();
-        self.progress_rx = Some(progress_rx);
-
-        let cancel_flag = Arc::clone(&self.cancel_flag);
-        let loop_forever = settings.loop_forever;
-        let transparency = settings.transparency;
-        let handle = std::thread::spawn(move || {
-            gif_exporter::run_gif_encoder(
-                frame_rx, output_path, width, height, total_frames, delay_ms,
-                loop_forever, transparency, progress_tx, cancel_flag,
-            );
-        });
-        self.thread_handle = Some(handle);
-
-        self.gif_state = Some(GifExportState {
-            width,
-            height,
-            total_frames,
-            next_frame: 0,
-            start_time: settings.start_time,
-            frame_step,
-            fit: settings.fit,
-            transparency,
-            gpu_resources: None,
-            output_texture: None,
-            output_texture_view: None,
-            staging_buffer: None,
-            frame_tx: Some(frame_tx),
-        });
-    }
-
-    /// Drive the animated GIF export: render + read back one frame per call and stream it to the
-    /// encoder thread. Returns `Ok(true)` while more frames remain (call again next egui frame),
-    /// `Ok(false)` once every frame has been sent (encoding then finishes on the background thread).
-    pub fn render_next_gif_frame(
-        &mut self,
-        document: &mut Document,
-        device: &wgpu::Device,
-        queue: &wgpu::Queue,
-        renderer: &mut vello::Renderer,
-        image_cache: &mut ImageCache,
-        video_manager: &Arc<std::sync::Mutex<VideoManager>>,
-        raster_store: Option<&lightningbeam_core::raster_store::RasterStore>,
-    ) -> Result<bool, String> {
-        if self.cancel_flag.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
-            // Dropping frame_tx unblocks the encoder thread's recv() so it can clean up.
-            self.gif_state = None;
-            return Ok(false);
-        }
-
-        let state = match self.gif_state.as_mut() {
-            Some(s) => s,
-            None    => return Ok(false),
-        };
-
-        // All frames sent → drop the sender (signals the encoder to finalize) and finish.
-        if state.next_frame >= state.total_frames {
-            if let Some(tx) = state.frame_tx.take() {
-                let _ = tx.send(GifFrameMessage::Done);
-                drop(tx);
-            }
-            self.gif_state = None;
-            return Ok(false);
-        }
-
-        let w = state.width;
-        let h = state.height;
-        let fit = state.fit;
-        let timestamp = state.start_time + state.next_frame as f64 * state.frame_step;
-
-        if state.gpu_resources.is_none() {
-            state.gpu_resources = Some(video_exporter::ExportGpuResources::new(device, w, h));
-        }
-        if state.output_texture.is_none() {
-            let tex = device.create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
-                label:           Some("gif_export_output"),
-                size:            wgpu::Extent3d { width: w, height: h, depth_or_array_layers: 1 },
-                mip_level_count: 1,
-                sample_count:    1,
-                dimension:       wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
-                format:          wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8Unorm,
-                usage:           wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT | wgpu::TextureUsages::COPY_SRC,
-                view_formats:    &[],
-            });
-            state.output_texture_view = Some(tex.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor::default()));
-            state.output_texture = Some(tex);
-        }
-
-        // Render the frame (transparency preserved through readback; the encoder flattens if needed).
-        {
-            let gpu = state.gpu_resources.as_mut().unwrap();
-            let output_view = state.output_texture_view.as_ref().unwrap();
-            let encoder = video_exporter::render_frame_to_gpu_rgba(
-                document,
-                timestamp,
-                w, h,
-                device, queue, renderer, image_cache, video_manager,
-                gpu,
-                output_view,
-                None, // no floating raster selection during export
-                state.transparency,
-                raster_store,
-                true, // GIF export composites on the shared device
-                fit,
-            )?;
-            queue.submit(Some(encoder.finish()));
-        }
-
-        // Synchronous readback (wgpu requires bytes_per_row aligned to 256).
-        let align         = wgpu::COPY_BYTES_PER_ROW_ALIGNMENT;
-        let bytes_per_row = (w * 4 + align - 1) / align * align;
-        if state.staging_buffer.is_none() {
-            state.staging_buffer = Some(device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
-                label:              Some("gif_export_staging"),
-                size:               (bytes_per_row * h) as u64,
-                usage:              wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST | wgpu::BufferUsages::MAP_READ,
-                mapped_at_creation: false,
-            }));
-        }
-        let staging = state.staging_buffer.as_ref().unwrap();
-
-        let mut copy_enc = device.create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
-            label: Some("gif_export_copy"),
-        });
-        let output_tex = state.output_texture.as_ref().unwrap();
-        copy_enc.copy_texture_to_buffer(
-            wgpu::TexelCopyTextureInfo {
-                texture:   output_tex,
-                mip_level: 0,
-                origin:    wgpu::Origin3d::ZERO,
-                aspect:    wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
-            },
-            wgpu::TexelCopyBufferInfo {
-                buffer: staging,
-                layout: wgpu::TexelCopyBufferLayout {
-                    offset:         0,
-                    bytes_per_row:  Some(bytes_per_row),
-                    rows_per_image: Some(h),
-                },
-            },
-            wgpu::Extent3d { width: w, height: h, depth_or_array_layers: 1 },
-        );
-        queue.submit(Some(copy_enc.finish()));
-
-        let slice = staging.slice(..);
-        slice.map_async(wgpu::MapMode::Read, |_| {});
-        let _ = device.poll(wgpu::PollType::wait_indefinitely());
-
-        let pixels: Vec<u8> = {
-            let mapped = slice.get_mapped_range();
-            let mut out = Vec::with_capacity((w * h * 4) as usize);
-            for row in 0..h {
-                let start = (row * bytes_per_row) as usize;
-                out.extend_from_slice(&mapped[start..start + (w * 4) as usize]);
-            }
-            out
-        };
-        staging.unmap();
-
-        let frame_num = state.next_frame;
-        if let Some(tx) = state.frame_tx.as_ref() {
-            // If the encoder thread died, stop — its dropped receiver returns an error here.
-            if tx.send(GifFrameMessage::Frame { frame_num, pixels }).is_err() {
-                self.gif_state = None;
-                return Ok(false);
-            }
-        }
-        state.next_frame += 1;
-        Ok(true)
-    }
-
     /// Wait for the export to complete
     ///
     /// This blocks until the export thread finishes.
@@ -1007,12 +774,6 @@ impl ExportOrchestrator {
             start_time: daw_backend::Seconds(settings.start_time),
             end_time: daw_backend::Seconds(settings.end_time),
             tempo_map: daw_backend::TempoMap::constant(settings.bpm),
-            metadata: settings
-                .metadata
-                .pairs()
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|(k, v)| (k.to_string(), v.to_string()))
-                .collect(),
         };
 
         // Use DAW backend export for all formats
@@ -1111,8 +872,6 @@ impl ExportOrchestrator {
         let hdr = settings.hdr;
         let fit = settings.fit;
         let full_range = settings.color_range.is_full();
-        let prores = matches!(settings.codec, lightningbeam_core::export::VideoCodec::ProRes422)
-            && !hdr.is_hdr();
         let handle = std::thread::spawn(move || {
             Self::run_video_encoder(settings, output_path, frame_rx, progress_tx, cancel_flag, total_frames);
         });
@@ -1132,8 +891,6 @@ impl ExportOrchestrator {
             gpu_resources: None,
             readback_pipeline: None,
             cpu_yuv_converter: None,
-            prores,
-            cpu_yuv422p10: None,
             frames_in_flight: 0,
             next_frame_to_encode: 0,
             perf_metrics: Some(perf_metrics::ExportMetrics::new()),
@@ -1364,10 +1121,7 @@ impl ExportOrchestrator {
             .unwrap()
             .as_secs();
 
-        // Use the codec's real container for the temp video, not a hardcoded .mp4 — VP8 isn't a
-        // valid MP4 codec, so an .mp4 temp made `write_header` fail for any VP8+audio export.
-        let temp_video_path = temp_dir.join(format!("lightningbeam_video_{}.{}",
-            timestamp, video_settings.codec.container_format()));
+        let temp_video_path = temp_dir.join(format!("lightningbeam_video_{}.mp4", timestamp));
         let temp_audio_path = temp_dir.join(format!("lightningbeam_audio_{}.{}",
             timestamp,
             match audio_settings.format {
@@ -1577,34 +1331,24 @@ impl ExportOrchestrator {
             // Enable GPU YUV only when the encoder's YUV420P planes are tight (no linesize
             // padding) — then the packed GPU planes copy in without row misalignment.
             // Otherwise fall back to RGBA readback + CPU swscale.
-            // ProRes needs 10-bit 4:2:2 (built on the CPU from the RGBA readback), so it forces the
-            // RGBA path — the GPU YUV converter only produces 8-bit 4:2:0.
-            let gpu_yuv_tight = !state.prores && std::env::var("LB_DISABLE_GPU_YUV").is_err() && {
+            let gpu_yuv_tight = std::env::var("LB_DISABLE_GPU_YUV").is_err() && {
                 let probe = ffmpeg_next::frame::Video::new(
                     ffmpeg_next::format::Pixel::YUV420P, width, height,
                 );
                 probe.stride(0) == width as usize && probe.stride(1) == (width / 2) as usize
             };
-            if !gpu_yuv_tight && !state.prores {
+            if !gpu_yuv_tight {
                 println!("🎬 [VIDEO EXPORT] YUV planes are padded at {width}x{height}; using CPU YUV path");
             }
             state.readback_pipeline = Some(readback_pipeline::ReadbackPipeline::new(device, queue, width, height, gpu_yuv_tight, state.full_range));
-            if state.prores {
-                state.cpu_yuv422p10 = Some(cpu_yuv_converter::CpuYuv422P10Converter::new(width, height, state.full_range)?);
-                println!("🎬 [VIDEO EXPORT] ProRes 422: 10-bit 4:2:2 (YUV422P10LE) CPU converter initialized");
-            } else {
-                state.cpu_yuv_converter = Some(cpu_yuv_converter::CpuYuvConverter::new(width, height, state.full_range)?);
-            }
+            state.cpu_yuv_converter = Some(cpu_yuv_converter::CpuYuvConverter::new(width, height, state.full_range)?);
             println!("🚀 [ASYNC PIPELINE] Triple-buffered pipeline initialized");
             println!("🚀 [CPU YUV] swscale converter initialized");
         }
 
         let pipeline = state.readback_pipeline.as_mut().unwrap();
         let gpu_resources = state.gpu_resources.as_mut().unwrap();
-        // Exactly one of these is present: cpu_yuv422p10 on the ProRes path, cpu_converter on the
-        // SDR fallback path (or neither is used when the GPU YUV converter is active).
-        let mut cpu_converter = state.cpu_yuv_converter.as_mut();
-        let mut cpu_yuv422p10 = state.cpu_yuv422p10.as_mut();
+        let cpu_converter = state.cpu_yuv_converter.as_mut().unwrap();
         let mut metrics = state.perf_metrics.as_mut();
 
         // Poll for completed async readbacks (non-blocking)
@@ -1631,17 +1375,12 @@ impl ExportOrchestrator {
                 let data = pipeline.extract_rgba_data(result.buffer_id);
                 let extraction_end = Instant::now();
 
-                // YUV planes: ProRes 10-bit 4:2:2, else GPU-converted (just slice), else CPU
-                // swscale 8-bit 4:2:0 fallback (timed).
+                // YUV planes: GPU-converted (just slice) or CPU swscale fallback (timed).
                 let conversion_start = Instant::now();
-                let (y, u, v) = if let Some(conv) = cpu_yuv422p10.as_deref_mut() {
-                    conv.convert(&data)?
-                } else if pipeline.is_yuv_mode() {
+                let (y, u, v) = if pipeline.is_yuv_mode() {
                     pipeline.split_yuv(&data)
                 } else {
-                    cpu_converter.as_deref_mut()
-                        .ok_or("SDR export missing its CPU YUV converter")?
-                        .convert(&data)?
+                    cpu_converter.convert(&data)?
                 };
                 let conversion_end = Instant::now();
 
@@ -1730,7 +1469,6 @@ impl ExportOrchestrator {
             state.gpu_resources = None;
             state.readback_pipeline = None;
             state.cpu_yuv_converter = None;
-            state.cpu_yuv422p10 = None;
             state.perf_metrics = None;
             return Ok(false);
         }
@@ -1980,8 +1718,6 @@ impl ExportOrchestrator {
         // Pixel format the encoder frames are built in (matches setup_video_encoder).
         let pixel_format = if settings.hdr.is_hdr() {
             ffmpeg_next::format::Pixel::YUV420P10LE
-        } else if matches!(settings.codec, VideoCodec::ProRes422) {
-            ffmpeg_next::format::Pixel::YUV422P10LE // ProRes 422: 10-bit 4:2:2
         } else {
             ffmpeg_next::format::Pixel::YUV420P
         };
@@ -2096,17 +1832,8 @@ impl ExportOrchestrator {
 
         // Copy each plane row-by-row honoring the frame's stride (10-bit / arbitrary widths can have
         // row padding that a flat copy would misalign). `bytes_per_row` = samples × sample size.
-        // Sample size + chroma subsampling depend on the pixel format:
-        //   YUV420P     → 8-bit,  4:2:0 (chroma = w/2 × h/2)
-        //   YUV420P10LE → 10-bit, 4:2:0 (chroma = w/2 × h/2)
-        //   YUV422P10LE → 10-bit, 4:2:2 (chroma = w/2 × h, full-height)  [ProRes]
-        use ffmpeg_next::format::Pixel;
-        let (sample_bytes, chroma_h_div) = match pixel_format {
-            Pixel::YUV420P => (1usize, 2usize),
-            Pixel::YUV420P10LE => (2usize, 2usize),
-            Pixel::YUV422P10LE => (2usize, 1usize),
-            _ => (1usize, 2usize),
-        };
+        let ten_bit = matches!(pixel_format, ffmpeg_next::format::Pixel::YUV420P10LE);
+        let sample_bytes = if ten_bit { 2usize } else { 1usize };
         let copy_plane = |frame: &mut ffmpeg_next::frame::Video, idx: usize, src: &[u8], w: usize, h: usize| {
             let bytes_per_row = w * sample_bytes;
             let stride = frame.stride(idx);
@@ -2121,8 +1848,8 @@ impl ExportOrchestrator {
         };
         let (w, h) = (width as usize, height as usize);
         copy_plane(&mut video_frame, 0, y_plane, w, h);
-        copy_plane(&mut video_frame, 1, u_plane, w / 2, h / chroma_h_div);
-        copy_plane(&mut video_frame, 2, v_plane, w / 2, h / chroma_h_div);
+        copy_plane(&mut video_frame, 1, u_plane, w / 2, h / 2);
+        copy_plane(&mut video_frame, 2, v_plane, w / 2, h / 2);
 
         // Set PTS (presentation timestamp) in encoder's time base
         // Encoder time base is 1/(framerate * 1000), so PTS = timestamp * (framerate * 1000)

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/export/video_exporter.rs

@@ -616,12 +616,9 @@ pub fn setup_video_encoder(
     // Configure encoder parameters BEFORE opening (critical!)
     encoder.set_width(aligned_width);
     encoder.set_height(aligned_height);
-    // ProRes needs 10-bit 4:2:2; HDR needs 10-bit 4:2:0 BT.2020; other SDR is 8-bit 4:2:0.
-    let is_prores = codec_id == ffmpeg::codec::Id::PRORES;
+    // HDR encodes 10-bit BT.2020 (limited range); SDR keeps 8-bit full-range BT.709.
     if hdr.is_hdr() {
         encoder.set_format(ffmpeg::format::Pixel::YUV420P10LE);
-    } else if is_prores {
-        encoder.set_format(ffmpeg::format::Pixel::YUV422P10LE);
     } else {
         encoder.set_format(ffmpeg::format::Pixel::YUV420P);
     }
@@ -653,10 +650,6 @@ pub fn setup_video_encoder(
         });
         color_opts.set("color_primaries", "bt709");
         color_opts.set("color_trc", "bt709");
-        if is_prores {
-            // prores_ks profile: 3 = HQ (4:2:2 10-bit). Matches the YUV422P10LE frames we feed.
-            color_opts.set("profile", "3");
-        }
     }
 
     println!("📐 Video dimensions: {}×{} (aligned to {}×{}){}",
@@ -1062,18 +1055,10 @@ fn composite_document_to_hdr(
                         let success = gpu_resources.effect_processor.compile_effect(device, effect_def);
                         if !success { eprintln!("Failed to compile effect: {}", effect_def.name); continue; }
                     }
-                    let tempo_map = document.tempo_map();
-                    let effect_end_beats = effect_instance.timeline_start
-                        + effect_instance.effective_duration(
-                            lightningbeam_core::clip::ClipDuration::Seconds(daw_backend::Seconds(
-                                lightningbeam_core::effect::EFFECT_DURATION,
-                            )),
-                            tempo_map,
-                        );
                     let effect_inst = lightningbeam_core::effect::EffectInstance::new(
                         effect_def,
-                        tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(effect_instance.timeline_start).seconds_to_f64(),
-                        tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(effect_end_beats).seconds_to_f64(),
+                        effect_instance.timeline_start,
+                        effect_instance.timeline_start + effect_instance.effective_duration(lightningbeam_core::effect::EFFECT_DURATION, document.tempo_map()),
                     );
                     let effect_output_handle = gpu_resources.buffer_pool.acquire(device, hdr_spec);
                     if let Some(effect_output_view) = gpu_resources.buffer_pool.get_view(effect_output_handle) {
@@ -1448,30 +1433,6 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(v[0] > 128, "V value: {}", v[0]);
     }
 
-    /// ProRes must actually open with the 10-bit 4:2:2 format we now feed it. Before the fix the
-    /// SDR path handed prores_ks 8-bit YUV420P and `open` failed every time — so this opening
-    /// successfully is the regression guard for "ProRes export always errored".
-    #[test]
-    fn prores_encoder_opens_with_yuv422p10() {
-        ffmpeg::init().unwrap();
-        // Skip cleanly if this ffmpeg build lacks a ProRes encoder (rather than false-fail).
-        if ffmpeg::encoder::find(ffmpeg::codec::Id::PRORES).is_none()
-            && ffmpeg::encoder::find_by_name("prores_ks").is_none()
-        {
-            eprintln!("prores encoder not present in this ffmpeg build; skipping");
-            return;
-        }
-        let r = setup_video_encoder(
-            ffmpeg::codec::Id::PRORES,
-            640, 480, 30.0, 20_000,
-            lightningbeam_core::export::HdrExportMode::Sdr,
-            false,
-        );
-        assert!(r.is_ok(), "ProRes encoder failed to open: {:?}", r.err());
-        let (encoder, _codec) = r.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(encoder.format(), ffmpeg::format::Pixel::YUV422P10LE);
-    }
-
     // NOTE: `rgba_to_yuv420p` rounds dimensions up to multiples of 16 (H.264
     // macroblock alignment), so its plane lengths are the aligned sizes, not the
     // tight input dimensions. The former `test_rgba_to_yuv420p_dimensions` and

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/mobile/icons.rs

@@ -42,8 +42,6 @@ pub const GRIP_HORIZONTAL: &str = "\u{e0ea}";
 pub const CHEVRONS_UP: &str = "\u{e074}";
 pub const PLAY: &str = "\u{e13c}";
 pub const PAUSE: &str = "\u{e12e}";
-pub const REPEAT: &str = "\u{e146}"; // cycle / loop region toggle
-pub const TRASH: &str = "\u{e18d}"; // delete a take
 pub const SETTINGS: &str = "\u{e154}";
 pub const SEARCH: &str = "\u{e151}";
 pub const PLUS: &str = "\u{e13d}";
@@ -83,60 +81,3 @@ pub const FILE_PLUS: &str = "\u{e0c9}";
 pub const COPY: &str = "\u{e09e}";
 pub const LAYERS: &str = "\u{e529}";
 pub const ELLIPSIS: &str = "\u{e0b6}";
-// Undo / redo (stage header).
-pub const UNDO_2: &str = "\u{e2a1}";
-pub const REDO_2: &str = "\u{e2a0}";
-// Tool cursors (see custom_cursor.rs).
-pub const STAMP: &str = "\u{e3bb}";
-pub const SPRAY_CAN: &str = "\u{e495}";
-pub const BANDAGE: &str = "\u{e61d}";
-pub const DROPLET: &str = "\u{e0b4}";
-pub const TEXT_CURSOR: &str = "\u{e264}";
-pub const CROSSHAIR: &str = "\u{e0ac}";
-pub const POINTER: &str = "\u{e1e8}";
-pub const CONTRAST: &str = "\u{e09d}";
-pub const WIND: &str = "\u{e1b0}";
-pub const SUN_MOON: &str = "\u{e2b2}";
-pub const SPLINE: &str = "\u{e38b}";
-pub const DROPLETS: &str = "\u{e0b5}";
-pub const CIRCLE_DASHED: &str = "\u{e4b0}";
-pub const PALETTE: &str = "\u{e1dd}";
-pub const SHAPES: &str = "\u{e4b3}";
-pub const SCALING: &str = "\u{e2ec}";
-pub const FRAME: &str = "\u{e291}";
-// Timeline layer-row toggles.
-pub const VOLUME_2: &str = "\u{e1ab}"; // unmuted
-pub const VOLUME_X: &str = "\u{e1ac}"; // muted
-pub const HEADPHONES: &str = "\u{e0f1}"; // solo
-pub const LOCK: &str = "\u{e10b}";
-pub const LOCK_OPEN: &str = "\u{e10c}";
-pub const EYE: &str = "\u{e0ba}";
-pub const EYE_OFF: &str = "\u{e0bb}";
-pub const VIDEO: &str = "\u{e1a5}"; // camera enabled
-pub const VIDEO_OFF: &str = "\u{e1a6}"; // camera disabled
-
-/// Lucide glyph for tools that have no bundled SVG icon. `None` means the tool has a real SVG
-/// icon in `src/assets/` and the caller should use that instead.
-pub fn tool_glyph(tool: lightningbeam_core::tool::Tool) -> Option<&'static str> {
-    use lightningbeam_core::tool::Tool;
-    Some(match tool {
-        Tool::Pencil => PENCIL,
-        Tool::Pen => PEN_TOOL,
-        Tool::Airbrush => SPRAY_CAN,
-        Tool::CloneStamp => STAMP,
-        Tool::HealingBrush => BANDAGE,
-        Tool::PatternStamp => SHAPES,
-        Tool::DodgeBurn => SUN_MOON,
-        Tool::Sponge => DROPLETS,
-        Tool::BlurSharpen => CONTRAST,
-        Tool::Gradient => BLEND,
-        Tool::CustomShape => HEXAGON,
-        Tool::SelectEllipse => CIRCLE_DASHED,
-        Tool::MagicWand => WAND_SPARKLES,
-        Tool::QuickSelect => BRUSH,
-        Tool::Warp => SCALING,
-        Tool::Liquify => DROPLET,
-        Tool::SelectLasso => LASSO_SELECT,
-        _ => return None,
-    })
-}

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/mobile/mod.rs

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ const TOPBAR_H: f32 = 40.0;
 /// Clamp a desktop dialog width to fit the current screen (with side margins). A no-op on wide
 /// desktop screens (`min` keeps the desired width); on a phone-aspect window it shrinks to fit.
 pub fn dialog_width(ctx: &egui::Context, desired: f32) -> f32 {
-    let avail = ctx.content_rect().width() - 24.0;
+    let avail = ctx.screen_rect().width() - 24.0;
     desired.min(avail.max(200.0))
 }
 

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/mobile/transport.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 //! project scrub. Wired to the audio controller exactly like `TimelinePane`'s header.
 
 use eframe::egui;
-use daw_backend::Seconds;
 
 use super::{icons, Palette};
 use crate::panes::SharedPaneState;
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ pub fn render(ui: &mut egui::Ui, rect: egui::Rect, shared: &mut SharedPaneState,
         if let Some(controller_arc) = shared.audio_controller {
             let mut controller = controller_arc.lock().unwrap();
             if *shared.is_playing {
-                controller.seek(Seconds(*shared.playback_time));
+                controller.seek(*shared.playback_time);
                 controller.play();
             } else {
                 controller.pause();
@@ -102,7 +101,7 @@ pub fn render(ui: &mut egui::Ui, rect: egui::Rect, shared: &mut SharedPaneState,
             *shared.playback_time = new_time;
             if let Some(controller_arc) = shared.audio_controller {
                 let mut controller = controller_arc.lock().unwrap();
-                controller.seek(Seconds(new_time));
+                controller.seek(new_time);
             }
         }
     }

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/panes/asset_library.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //! - Image Assets (static images)
 
 use eframe::egui;
-use lightningbeam_core::clip::{ResolvedContent, VectorClip};
+use lightningbeam_core::clip::{AudioClipType, VectorClip};
 use lightningbeam_core::document::Document;
 use lightningbeam_core::layer::AnyLayer;
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
@@ -918,11 +918,11 @@ impl AssetLibraryPane {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            let (extra_info, drag_clip_type) = match &clip.resolve() {
-                ResolvedContent::Audio { .. } => ("Sampled".to_string(), DragClipType::AudioSampled),
-                ResolvedContent::Midi { .. } => ("MIDI".to_string(), DragClipType::AudioMidi),
-                ResolvedContent::Recording => {
-                    // Skip recording-in-progress clips (and empty take folders) from asset library
+            let (extra_info, drag_clip_type) = match &clip.clip_type {
+                AudioClipType::Sampled { .. } => ("Sampled".to_string(), DragClipType::AudioSampled),
+                AudioClipType::Midi { .. } => ("MIDI".to_string(), DragClipType::AudioMidi),
+                AudioClipType::Recording => {
+                    // Skip recording-in-progress clips from asset library
                     continue;
                 }
             };
@@ -932,7 +932,7 @@ impl AssetLibraryPane {
                 name: clip.name.clone(),
                 category: AssetCategory::Audio,
                 drag_clip_type,
-                duration: clip.content_duration().native(),
+                duration: clip.duration,
                 dimensions: None,
                 extra_info,
                 is_builtin: false,
@@ -1118,15 +1118,15 @@ impl AssetLibraryPane {
 
                 for (id, clip) in &document.audio_clips {
                     if !linked_audio_ids.contains(id) && clip.folder_id == current_folder {
-                        let (extra_info, drag_clip_type) = match &clip.resolve() {
-                            ResolvedContent::Audio { .. } => {
+                        let (extra_info, drag_clip_type) = match &clip.clip_type {
+                            AudioClipType::Sampled { .. } => {
                                 ("Sampled".to_string(), DragClipType::AudioSampled)
                             }
-                            ResolvedContent::Midi { .. } => {
+                            AudioClipType::Midi { .. } => {
                                 ("MIDI".to_string(), DragClipType::AudioMidi)
                             }
-                            ResolvedContent::Recording => {
-                                // Skip recording-in-progress clips (and empty take folders)
+                            AudioClipType::Recording => {
+                                // Skip recording-in-progress clips
                                 continue;
                             }
                         };
@@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@ impl AssetLibraryPane {
                             name: clip.name.clone(),
                             category: AssetCategory::Audio,
                             drag_clip_type,
-                            duration: clip.content_duration().native(),
+                            duration: clip.duration,
                             dimensions: None,
                             extra_info,
                             is_builtin: false,
@@ -1765,7 +1765,7 @@ impl AssetLibraryPane {
             let prefetched_waveform: Option<Vec<(f32, f32)>> =
                 if asset_category == AssetCategory::Audio && !self.thumbnail_cache.has(&asset_id) {
                     if let Some(clip) = document.audio_clips.get(&asset_id) {
-                        if let Some(audio_pool_index) = clip.audio_pool_index().as_ref() {
+                        if let AudioClipType::Sampled { audio_pool_index } = &clip.clip_type {
                             shared.raw_audio_cache.get(audio_pool_index)
                                 .map(|raw| peaks_from_raw_audio(raw, THUMBNAIL_SIZE as usize))
                         } else {
@@ -1790,8 +1790,8 @@ impl AssetLibraryPane {
                     AssetCategory::Audio => {
                         if let Some(clip) = document.audio_clips.get(&asset_id) {
                             let bg_color = egui::Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(40, 40, 40, 200);
-                            match &clip.resolve() {
-                                ResolvedContent::Audio { .. } => {
+                            match &clip.clip_type {
+                                AudioClipType::Sampled { .. } => {
                                     let wave_color = egui::Color32::from_rgb(100, 200, 100);
                                     if let Some(ref peaks) = prefetched_waveform {
                                         Some(generate_waveform_thumbnail(peaks, bg_color, wave_color))
@@ -1799,15 +1799,15 @@ impl AssetLibraryPane {
                                         Some(generate_placeholder_thumbnail(AssetCategory::Audio, 200))
                                     }
                                 }
-                                ResolvedContent::Midi { midi_clip_id } => {
+                                AudioClipType::Midi { midi_clip_id } => {
                                     let note_color = egui::Color32::from_rgb(100, 200, 100);
                                     if let Some(events) = shared.midi_event_cache.get(midi_clip_id) {
-                                        Some(generate_midi_thumbnail(events, clip.content_duration().native(), bg_color, note_color))
+                                        Some(generate_midi_thumbnail(events, clip.duration, bg_color, note_color))
                                     } else {
                                         Some(generate_placeholder_thumbnail(AssetCategory::Audio, 200))
                                     }
                                 }
-                                ResolvedContent::Recording => {
+                                AudioClipType::Recording => {
                                     // Recording in progress - show placeholder
                                     Some(generate_placeholder_thumbnail(AssetCategory::Audio, 200))
                                 }
@@ -2344,8 +2344,8 @@ impl AssetLibraryPane {
                 AssetCategory::Audio => {
                     if let Some(clip) = document.audio_clips.get(&asset_id) {
                         let bg_color = egui::Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(40, 40, 40, 200);
-                        match &clip.resolve() {
-                            ResolvedContent::Audio { audio_pool_index } => {
+                        match &clip.clip_type {
+                            AudioClipType::Sampled { audio_pool_index } => {
                                 let wave_color = egui::Color32::from_rgb(100, 200, 100);
                                 let waveform: Option<Vec<(f32, f32)>> = shared.raw_audio_cache.get(audio_pool_index)
                                     .map(|raw| peaks_from_raw_audio(raw, THUMBNAIL_SIZE as usize));
@@ -2355,15 +2355,15 @@ impl AssetLibraryPane {
                                     Some(generate_placeholder_thumbnail(AssetCategory::Audio, 200))
                                 }
                             }
-                            ResolvedContent::Midi { midi_clip_id } => {
+                            AudioClipType::Midi { midi_clip_id } => {
                                 let note_color = egui::Color32::from_rgb(100, 200, 100);
                                 if let Some(events) = shared.midi_event_cache.get(midi_clip_id) {
-                                    Some(generate_midi_thumbnail(events, clip.content_duration().native(), bg_color, note_color))
+                                    Some(generate_midi_thumbnail(events, clip.duration, bg_color, note_color))
                                 } else {
                                     Some(generate_placeholder_thumbnail(AssetCategory::Audio, 200))
                                 }
                             }
-                            ResolvedContent::Recording => {
+                            AudioClipType::Recording => {
                                 Some(generate_placeholder_thumbnail(AssetCategory::Audio, 200))
                             }
                         }
@@ -2481,8 +2481,8 @@ impl AssetLibraryPane {
                 AssetCategory::Audio => {
                     if let Some(clip) = document.audio_clips.get(&asset_id) {
                         let bg_color = egui::Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(40, 40, 40, 200);
-                        match &clip.resolve() {
-                            ResolvedContent::Audio { audio_pool_index } => {
+                        match &clip.clip_type {
+                            AudioClipType::Sampled { audio_pool_index } => {
                                 let wave_color = egui::Color32::from_rgb(100, 200, 100);
                                 let waveform: Option<Vec<(f32, f32)>> = shared.raw_audio_cache.get(audio_pool_index)
                                     .map(|raw| peaks_from_raw_audio(raw, THUMBNAIL_SIZE as usize));
@@ -2492,15 +2492,15 @@ impl AssetLibraryPane {
                                     Some(generate_placeholder_thumbnail(AssetCategory::Audio, 200))
                                 }
                             }
-                            ResolvedContent::Midi { midi_clip_id } => {
+                            AudioClipType::Midi { midi_clip_id } => {
                                 let note_color = egui::Color32::from_rgb(100, 200, 100);
                                 if let Some(events) = shared.midi_event_cache.get(midi_clip_id) {
-                                    Some(generate_midi_thumbnail(events, clip.content_duration().native(), bg_color, note_color))
+                                    Some(generate_midi_thumbnail(events, clip.duration, bg_color, note_color))
                                 } else {
                                     Some(generate_placeholder_thumbnail(AssetCategory::Audio, 200))
                                 }
                             }
-                            ResolvedContent::Recording => {
+                            AudioClipType::Recording => {
                                 Some(generate_placeholder_thumbnail(AssetCategory::Audio, 200))
                             }
                         }
@@ -2802,7 +2802,7 @@ impl AssetLibraryPane {
                         let prefetched_waveform: Option<Vec<(f32, f32)>> =
                             if asset_category == AssetCategory::Audio && !self.thumbnail_cache.has(&asset_id) {
                                 if let Some(clip) = document.audio_clips.get(&asset_id) {
-                                    if let Some(audio_pool_index) = clip.audio_pool_index().as_ref() {
+                                    if let AudioClipType::Sampled { audio_pool_index } = &clip.clip_type {
                                         let waveform: Option<Vec<(f32, f32)>> = shared.raw_audio_cache.get(audio_pool_index)
                                             .map(|raw| peaks_from_raw_audio(raw, THUMBNAIL_SIZE as usize));
                                         if waveform.is_some() {
@@ -2842,8 +2842,8 @@ impl AssetLibraryPane {
                                     // Check if it's sampled or MIDI
                                     if let Some(clip) = document.audio_clips.get(&asset_id) {
                                         let bg_color = egui::Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(40, 40, 40, 200);
-                                        match &clip.resolve() {
-                                            ResolvedContent::Audio { .. } => {
+                                        match &clip.clip_type {
+                                            AudioClipType::Sampled { .. } => {
                                                 let wave_color = egui::Color32::from_rgb(100, 200, 100);
                                                 if let Some(ref peaks) = prefetched_waveform {
                                                     println!("✅ Generating waveform thumbnail with {} peaks for asset {}", peaks.len(), asset_id);
@@ -2853,17 +2853,17 @@ impl AssetLibraryPane {
                                                     Some(generate_placeholder_thumbnail(AssetCategory::Audio, 200))
                                                 }
                                             }
-                                            ResolvedContent::Midi { midi_clip_id } => {
+                                            AudioClipType::Midi { midi_clip_id } => {
                                                 let bg_color = egui::Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(40, 40, 40, 200);
                                                 let note_color = egui::Color32::from_rgb(100, 200, 100);
 
                                                 if let Some(events) = shared.midi_event_cache.get(midi_clip_id) {
-                                                    Some(generate_midi_thumbnail(events, clip.content_duration().native(), bg_color, note_color))
+                                                    Some(generate_midi_thumbnail(events, clip.duration, bg_color, note_color))
                                                 } else {
                                                     Some(generate_placeholder_thumbnail(AssetCategory::Audio, 200))
                                                 }
                                             }
-                                            ResolvedContent::Recording => {
+                                            AudioClipType::Recording => {
                                                 Some(generate_placeholder_thumbnail(AssetCategory::Audio, 200))
                                             }
                                         }
@@ -3187,7 +3187,7 @@ impl PaneRenderer for AssetLibraryPane {
             println!("🎨 [ASSET_LIB] Checking for thumbnails to invalidate (pools: {:?})", shared.audio_pools_with_new_waveforms);
             let mut invalidated_any = false;
             for (asset_id, clip) in &document_arc.audio_clips {
-                if let Some(audio_pool_index) = clip.audio_pool_index().as_ref() {
+                if let lightningbeam_core::clip::AudioClipType::Sampled { audio_pool_index } = &clip.clip_type {
                     if shared.audio_pools_with_new_waveforms.contains(audio_pool_index) {
                         println!("❌ [ASSET_LIB] Invalidating thumbnail for asset {} (pool {})", asset_id, audio_pool_index);
                         self.thumbnail_cache.invalidate(asset_id);

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/panes/gradient_editor.rs

@@ -160,27 +160,27 @@ pub fn gradient_stop_editor(
             delete_idx = Some(i);
         }
 
-        // Color picker popup — opens on click, closes on a press outside it.
-        let stop_color = gradient.stops[i].color;
-        let mut c32 = Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(
-            stop_color.r, stop_color.g, stop_color.b, stop_color.a,
-        );
-        if crate::widgets::color_swatch::color_picker_popup(
-            ui,
-            resp.id.with("stop_color_popup"),
-            &resp,
-            &mut c32,
-            resp.rect,
-        ) {
-            // Color32 stores premultiplied RGB; unmultiply before storing as straight-alpha
-            // ShapeColor to avoid darkening on round-trip.
-            let [pr, pg, pb, a] = c32.to_array();
-            let unpm = |c: u8| -> u8 {
-                if a == 0 { 0 } else { ((c as u32 * 255 + a as u32 / 2) / a as u32).min(255) as u8 }
-            };
-            gradient.stops[i].color = ShapeColor::rgba(unpm(pr), unpm(pg), unpm(pb), a);
-            changed = true;
-        }
+        // Color picker popup — opens on click, closes on click-outside.
+        egui::containers::Popup::from_toggle_button_response(&resp)
+            .show(|ui| {
+                ui.spacing_mut().slider_width = 200.0;
+                let stop = &mut gradient.stops[i];
+                let mut c32 = Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(
+                    stop.color.r, stop.color.g, stop.color.b, stop.color.a,
+                );
+                if egui::color_picker::color_picker_color32(
+                    ui, &mut c32, egui::color_picker::Alpha::OnlyBlend,
+                ) {
+                    // Color32 stores premultiplied RGB; unmultiply before storing
+                    // as straight-alpha ShapeColor to avoid darkening on round-trip.
+                    let [pr, pg, pb, a] = c32.to_array();
+                    let unpm = |c: u8| -> u8 {
+                        if a == 0 { 0 } else { ((c as u32 * 255 + a as u32 / 2) / a as u32).min(255) as u8 }
+                    };
+                    stop.color = ShapeColor::rgba(unpm(pr), unpm(pg), unpm(pb), a);
+                    changed = true;
+                }
+            });
     }
 
     // Apply drag to whichever stop selected_stop points at.

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/panes/infopanel.rs

@@ -28,9 +28,14 @@ pub struct InfopanelPane {
     tool_section_open: bool,
     /// Whether the shape properties section is expanded
     shape_section_open: bool,
-    /// Whether each tool's brush picker is expanded. The *selected* preset lives on the tool's
-    /// `BrushSlot`, since it's part of the document-independent tool state, not panel chrome.
-    brush_picker_expanded: std::collections::HashMap<crate::tools::BrushKind, bool>,
+    /// Index of the selected paint brush preset (None = custom / unset)
+    selected_brush_preset: Option<usize>,
+    /// Whether the paint brush picker is expanded
+    brush_picker_expanded: bool,
+    /// Index of the selected eraser brush preset
+    selected_eraser_preset: Option<usize>,
+    /// Whether the eraser brush picker is expanded
+    eraser_picker_expanded: bool,
     /// Cached preview textures, one per preset (populated lazily).
     brush_preview_textures: Vec<egui::TextureHandle>,
     /// Selected stop index for gradient editor in shape section.
@@ -56,10 +61,15 @@ impl InfopanelPane {
         // Kick off background loading of the font-picker fonts at startup so the dropdown
         // is ready without a hitch by the time the user opens it.
         lightningbeam_core::fonts::start_preload();
+        let presets = bundled_brushes();
+        let default_eraser_idx = presets.iter().position(|p| p.name == "Brush");
         Self {
             tool_section_open: true,
             shape_section_open: true,
-            brush_picker_expanded: std::collections::HashMap::new(),
+            selected_brush_preset: None,
+            brush_picker_expanded: false,
+            selected_eraser_preset: default_eraser_idx,
+            eraser_picker_expanded: false,
             brush_preview_textures: Vec::new(),
             selected_shape_gradient_stop: None,
             selected_tool_gradient_stop: None,
@@ -241,7 +251,7 @@ impl InfopanelPane {
             || is_raster_select || is_raster_shape || matches!(
             tool,
             Tool::PaintBucket | Tool::RegionSelect | Tool::MagicWand | Tool::QuickSelect
-            | Tool::Warp | Tool::Liquify | Tool::Gradient | Tool::Eyedropper
+            | Tool::Warp | Tool::Liquify | Tool::Gradient
         );
 
         if !has_options {
@@ -275,11 +285,12 @@ impl InfopanelPane {
                     return;
                 }
 
-                // Raster paint tool: tool-unique controls, then the shared brush controls
-                // (library, color, size/strength/hardness/spacing) that every brush tool gets.
+                // Raster paint tool: delegate to per-tool impl.
                 if let Some(def) = raster_tool_def {
                     def.render_ui(ui, shared.raster_settings);
-                    self.render_raster_tool_options(ui, shared, def);
+                    if def.show_brush_preset_picker() {
+                        self.render_raster_tool_options(ui, shared, def.is_eraser());
+                    }
                 }
 
                 match tool {
@@ -333,14 +344,7 @@ impl InfopanelPane {
                         ui.checkbox(shared.fill_enabled, "Fill Shape");
                     }
 
-                    Tool::Eyedropper => {
-                        // Which swatch the sampled color lands in.
-                        render_color_slot_row(ui, &mut shared.raster_settings.eyedropper_use_fg);
-                    }
-
                     Tool::PaintBucket => {
-                        render_color_slot_row(ui, &mut shared.raster_settings.fill_use_fg);
-
                         if active_is_raster {
                             use crate::tools::FillThresholdMode;
                             ui.horizontal(|ui| {
@@ -599,66 +603,68 @@ impl InfopanelPane {
             });
     }
 
-    /// Render the shared controls every dab-painting tool has: the brush library, the FG/BG
-    /// color choice, and size/strength/hardness/spacing/angle. `def` supplies the tool's brush
-    /// slot and the label for the one slider whose meaning varies (opacity vs. exposure vs.
-    /// flow vs. strength).
+    /// Render all options for a raster paint tool (brush picker + sliders).
+    /// `is_eraser` drives which shared state is read/written.
     fn render_raster_tool_options(
         &mut self,
         ui: &mut Ui,
         shared: &mut SharedPaneState,
-        def: &'static dyn crate::tools::RasterToolDef,
+        is_eraser: bool,
     ) {
-        let kind = def.brush_kind();
-        self.render_brush_preset_grid(ui, shared, kind);
+        self.render_brush_preset_grid(ui, shared, is_eraser);
         ui.add_space(2.0);
 
-        if def.uses_color() {
-            render_color_slot_row(ui, &mut shared.raster_settings.brush_mut(kind).use_fg);
+        let rs = &mut shared.raster_settings;
+
+        if !is_eraser {
+            ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+                ui.label("Color:");
+                ui.selectable_value(&mut rs.brush_use_fg, true, "FG");
+                ui.selectable_value(&mut rs.brush_use_fg, false, "BG");
+            });
         }
 
-        let slot = shared.raster_settings.brush_mut(kind);
+        macro_rules! field {
+            ($eraser:ident, $brush:ident) => {
+                if is_eraser { &mut rs.$eraser } else { &mut rs.$brush }
+            }
+        }
 
         ui.horizontal(|ui| {
             ui.label("Size:");
-            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut slot.radius, 1.0_f32..=500.0)
-                .logarithmic(true)
-                .suffix(" px"));
+            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(field!(eraser_radius, brush_radius), 1.0_f32..=200.0).logarithmic(true).suffix(" px"));
         });
         ui.horizontal(|ui| {
-            ui.label(format!("{}:", def.strength_label()));
-            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut slot.strength, 0.0_f32..=1.0)
+            ui.label("Opacity:");
+            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(field!(eraser_opacity, brush_opacity), 0.0_f32..=1.0)
                 .custom_formatter(|v, _| format!("{:.0}%", v * 100.0)));
         });
         ui.horizontal(|ui| {
             ui.label("Hardness:");
-            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut slot.hardness, 0.0_f32..=1.0)
+            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(field!(eraser_hardness, brush_hardness), 0.0_f32..=1.0)
                 .custom_formatter(|v, _| format!("{:.0}%", v * 100.0)));
         });
         ui.horizontal(|ui| {
             ui.label("Spacing:");
-            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut slot.spacing, 0.01_f32..=20.0)
+            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(field!(eraser_spacing, brush_spacing), 0.01_f32..=1.0)
                 .logarithmic(true)
-                .custom_formatter(|v, _| format!("{:.2}", v)));
+                .custom_formatter(|v, _| format!("{:.0}%", v * 100.0)));
         });
 
-        if slot.settings.elliptical_dab_ratio > 1.001 {
+        let bs = if is_eraser { &rs.active_eraser_settings } else { &rs.active_brush_settings };
+        if bs.elliptical_dab_ratio > 1.001 {
             ui.horizontal(|ui| {
                 ui.label("Angle:");
-                ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut slot.angle_offset, -180.0_f32..=180.0)
+                ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut rs.brush_angle_offset, -180.0_f32..=180.0)
                     .suffix("°")
                     .custom_formatter(|v, _| format!("{:.0}°", v)));
             });
         }
     }
 
-    /// Render the brush preset thumbnail grid (collapsible) for one tool's brush slot.
-    fn render_brush_preset_grid(
-        &mut self,
-        ui: &mut Ui,
-        shared: &mut SharedPaneState,
-        kind: crate::tools::BrushKind,
-    ) {
+    /// Render the brush preset thumbnail grid (collapsible).
+    /// `is_eraser` drives which picker state and which shared settings are updated.
+    fn render_brush_preset_grid(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui, shared: &mut SharedPaneState, is_eraser: bool) {
         let presets = bundled_brushes();
         if presets.is_empty() { return; }
 
@@ -684,8 +690,8 @@ impl InfopanelPane {
         }
 
         // Read picker state into locals to avoid multiple &mut self borrows.
-        let mut expanded = self.brush_picker_expanded.get(&kind).copied().unwrap_or(false);
-        let selected = shared.raster_settings.brush(kind).preset;
+        let mut expanded = if is_eraser { self.eraser_picker_expanded } else { self.brush_picker_expanded };
+        let mut selected = if is_eraser { self.selected_eraser_preset } else { self.selected_brush_preset };
 
         let gap = 3.0;
         let cols = 2usize;
@@ -756,14 +762,25 @@ impl InfopanelPane {
                             egui::FontId::proportional(9.5),
                             if is_sel { egui::Color32::from_rgb(140, 190, 255) } else { egui::Color32::from_gray(160) });
                         if resp.clicked() {
+                            selected = Some(idx);
                             expanded = false;
-                            shared.raster_settings.brush_mut(kind).apply_preset(idx, &preset.settings);
-                            // If the user was on a preset-backed tool (Pencil/Pen/Airbrush)
-                            // and manually picked a different brush, revert to the generic tool.
-                            if kind == crate::tools::BrushKind::Paint
-                                && matches!(*shared.selected_tool, Tool::Pencil | Tool::Pen | Tool::Airbrush)
-                            {
-                                *shared.selected_tool = Tool::Draw;
+                            let s = &preset.settings;
+                            let rs = &mut shared.raster_settings;
+                            if is_eraser {
+                                rs.eraser_opacity  = s.opaque.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
+                                rs.eraser_hardness = s.hardness.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
+                                rs.eraser_spacing  = s.dabs_per_radius;
+                                rs.active_eraser_settings = s.clone();
+                            } else {
+                                rs.brush_opacity  = s.opaque.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
+                                rs.brush_hardness = s.hardness.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
+                                rs.brush_spacing  = s.dabs_per_radius;
+                                rs.active_brush_settings = s.clone();
+                                // If the user was on a preset-backed tool (Pencil/Pen/Airbrush)
+                                // and manually picked a different brush, revert to the generic tool.
+                                if matches!(*shared.selected_tool, Tool::Pencil | Tool::Pen | Tool::Airbrush) {
+                                    *shared.selected_tool = Tool::Draw;
+                                }
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -772,9 +789,14 @@ impl InfopanelPane {
             }
         }
 
-        // The selected preset lives on the slot itself (written by apply_preset above); only the
-        // expand/collapse state is panel-local.
-        self.brush_picker_expanded.insert(kind, expanded);
+        // Write back picker state.
+        if is_eraser {
+            self.eraser_picker_expanded = expanded;
+            self.selected_eraser_preset = selected;
+        } else {
+            self.brush_picker_expanded = expanded;
+            self.selected_brush_preset = selected;
+        }
     }
 
     // Transform section: deferred to Phase 2 (DCEL elements don't have instance transforms)
@@ -1587,33 +1609,21 @@ impl InfopanelPane {
 
                             ui.horizontal(|ui| {
                                 ui.label("Start:");
-                                ui.label(format!("{:.2}s", document.tempo_map().beats_to_seconds(ci.effective_start()).seconds_to_f64()));
+                                ui.label(format!("{:.2}s", ci.effective_start()));
                             });
 
-                            let clip_dur = document.clip_trim_duration(&ci.clip_id)
-                                .unwrap_or_else(|| lightningbeam_core::clip::ClipDuration::Seconds(
-                                    daw_backend::Seconds(
-                                        (ci.trim_end.unwrap_or(daw_backend::ContentTime(1.0)) - ci.trim_start).raw(),
-                                    ),
-                                ));
+                            let clip_dur = document.get_clip_duration(&ci.clip_id)
+                                .unwrap_or_else(|| ci.trim_end.unwrap_or(1.0) - ci.trim_start);
                             let total_dur = ci.total_duration(clip_dur, document.tempo_map());
-                            let total_dur_secs = (document.tempo_map().beats_to_seconds(ci.effective_start() + total_dur)
-                                - document.tempo_map().beats_to_seconds(ci.effective_start())).seconds_to_f64();
                             ui.horizontal(|ui| {
                                 ui.label("Duration:");
-                                ui.label(format!("{:.2}s", total_dur_secs));
+                                ui.label(format!("{:.2}s", total_dur));
                             });
 
-                            if ci.trim_start > daw_backend::ContentTime::ZERO {
+                            if ci.trim_start > 0.0 {
                                 ui.horizontal(|ui| {
                                     ui.label("Trim Start:");
-                                    // Content time in the clip's own domain: seconds for sampled
-                                    // audio/video/vector, beats for MIDI. Label it accordingly.
-                                    let unit = match clip_dur {
-                                        lightningbeam_core::clip::ClipDuration::Beats(_) => "beats",
-                                        lightningbeam_core::clip::ClipDuration::Seconds(_) => "s",
-                                    };
-                                    ui.label(format!("{:.2}{}", ci.trim_start.raw(), unit));
+                                    ui.label(format!("{:.2}s", ci.trim_start));
                                 });
                             }
 
@@ -1796,7 +1806,7 @@ impl InfopanelPane {
                         });
                         ui.horizontal(|ui| {
                             ui.label("Duration:");
-                            ui.label(format!("{:.2}s", clip.content_duration().to_seconds(document.tempo_map()).seconds_to_f64()));
+                            ui.label(format!("{:.2}s", clip.duration));
                         });
                     } else {
                         // Could be an image asset or effect — show ID
@@ -1921,17 +1931,3 @@ impl PaneRenderer for InfopanelPane {
         "Info Panel"
     }
 }
-
-/// The FG/BG selector shared by every tool that reads or writes a color (brush, paint bucket,
-/// eyedropper, …), so the choice is made the same way and in the same place regardless of tool.
-/// The wording stays neutral because the eyedropper *writes* to the chosen swatch while the
-/// painting tools *read* from it.
-fn render_color_slot_row(ui: &mut Ui, use_fg: &mut bool) {
-    ui.horizontal(|ui| {
-        ui.label("Color:");
-        ui.selectable_value(use_fg, true, "FG")
-            .on_hover_text("Foreground (stroke) color");
-        ui.selectable_value(use_fg, false, "BG")
-            .on_hover_text("Background (fill) color");
-    });
-}

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/panes/mod.rs

@@ -189,6 +189,8 @@ pub struct SharedPaneState<'a> {
     pub selected_tool: &'a mut Tool,
     pub fill_color: &'a mut egui::Color32,
     pub stroke_color: &'a mut egui::Color32,
+    /// Tracks which color (fill or stroke) was last interacted with, for eyedropper tool
+    pub active_color_mode: &'a mut ColorMode,
     pub pending_view_action: &'a mut Option<crate::menu::MenuAction>,
     /// Tracks the priority of the best fallback pane for view actions
     /// Lower number = higher priority. None = no fallback pane seen yet

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/panes/node_graph/mobile.rs

@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ pub struct MobileNodeState {
     pub mode: NodeViewMode,
     /// The module currently shown in Focus (and centred in Patch).
     pub focus_node: Option<NodeId>,
+    /// Armed cable source in Patch: (node, output-port index).
+    pub patch_source: Option<(NodeId, usize)>,
     /// Whether the add-node picker overlay is open.
     pub show_add: bool,
     /// Search filter in the add-node picker.
@@ -49,6 +51,7 @@ impl Default for MobileNodeState {
         Self {
             mode: NodeViewMode::Focus,
             focus_node: None,
+            patch_source: None,
             show_add: false,
             add_search: String::new(),
             patch_pick: None,

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/panes/piano_roll.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 /// When a sampled audio layer is selected, shows a GPU-rendered spectrogram.
 
 use eframe::egui;
-use daw_backend::Seconds;
 use egui::{pos2, vec2, Align2, Color32, FontId, Rect, Stroke, StrokeKind};
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use uuid::Uuid;
@@ -465,13 +464,9 @@ impl PianoRollPane {
             if let Some(AnyLayer::Audio(audio_layer)) = document.get_layer(&layer_id) {
                 for instance in &audio_layer.clip_instances {
                     if let Some(clip) = document.audio_clips.get(&instance.clip_id) {
-                        // Resolve through the instance's active take, so a MIDI take folder edits
-                        // whichever take it's actually playing.
-                        if let Some(midi_clip_id) = instance.resolved_midi_clip_id(clip) {
-                            let duration = instance.effective_duration(clip.content_duration(), document.tempo_map());
-                            // A MIDI clip's content time IS beats, which is what the piano roll's
-                            // x-axis uses.
-                            clip_data.push((midi_clip_id, instance.timeline_start.beats_to_f64(), instance.trim_start.raw(), duration.beats_to_f64(), instance.id));
+                        if let AudioClipType::Midi { midi_clip_id } = clip.clip_type {
+                            let duration = instance.effective_duration(clip.duration, document.tempo_map());
+                            clip_data.push((midi_clip_id, instance.timeline_start, instance.trim_start, duration, instance.id));
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -655,7 +650,7 @@ impl PianoRollPane {
                     *shared.playback_time = nt;
                     if let Some(ctrl) = shared.audio_controller.as_ref() {
                         if let Ok(mut c) = ctrl.lock() {
-                            c.seek(Seconds(nt));
+                            c.seek(nt);
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -1768,7 +1763,7 @@ impl PianoRollPane {
             let seek_time = snap_to_value(time.max(0.0), self.snap_value, tempo_map);
             *shared.playback_time = seek_time;
             if let Some(ctrl) = shared.audio_controller.as_ref() {
-                if let Ok(mut c) = ctrl.lock() { c.seek(Seconds(seek_time)); }
+                if let Ok(mut c) = ctrl.lock() { c.seek(seek_time); }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -2459,16 +2454,10 @@ impl PianoRollPane {
             for instance in &audio_layer.clip_instances {
                 if let Some(clip) = document.audio_clips.get(&instance.clip_id) {
                     if let AudioClipType::Sampled { audio_pool_index } = clip.clip_type {
-                        // Duration in beats: explicit timeline_duration, else the clip's content
-                        // length converted to beats at the clip's start.
-                        let duration = instance.timeline_duration.unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                            let tmap = document.tempo_map();
-                            tmap.seconds_to_beats(tmap.beats_to_seconds(instance.timeline_start) + clip.content_duration().to_seconds(tmap)) - instance.timeline_start
-                        });
+                        let duration = instance.timeline_duration.unwrap_or(clip.duration);
                         // Get sample rate from raw_audio_cache
                         if let Some((_samples, sr, _ch)) = shared.raw_audio_cache.get(&audio_pool_index) {
-                            // A sampled clip's content time is seconds.
-                            clip_infos.push((audio_pool_index, instance.timeline_start.beats_to_f64(), instance.trim_start.raw(), duration.beats_to_f64(), *sr));
+                            clip_infos.push((audio_pool_index, instance.timeline_start, instance.trim_start, duration, *sr));
                         }
                     }
                 }

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/panes/stage.rs

@@ -4,9 +4,8 @@
 /// Supports HDR compositing pipeline with per-layer buffers and effects.
 
 use eframe::egui;
-use daw_backend::Seconds;
 use lightningbeam_core::action::Action;
-use lightningbeam_core::clip::{ClipDuration, ClipInstance};
+use lightningbeam_core::clip::ClipInstance;
 use lightningbeam_core::gpu::{BufferPool, BufferFormat, BufferSpec, Compositor, EffectProcessor, SrgbToLinearConverter};
 use lightningbeam_core::layer::{AnyLayer, AudioLayer};
 use lightningbeam_core::renderer::RenderedLayerType;
@@ -1852,16 +1851,10 @@ impl egui_wgpu::CallbackTrait for VelloCallback {
 
                             // Create EffectInstance from ClipInstance for the processor
                             // For now, create a simple effect instance with default parameters
-                            let tempo_map = self.ctx.document.tempo_map();
-                            let effect_end_beats = effect_instance.timeline_start
-                                + effect_instance.effective_duration(
-            ClipDuration::Seconds(Seconds(lightningbeam_core::effect::EFFECT_DURATION)),
-            tempo_map,
-        );
                             let effect_inst = lightningbeam_core::effect::EffectInstance::new(
                                 effect_def,
-                                tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(effect_instance.timeline_start).seconds_to_f64(),
-                                tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(effect_end_beats).seconds_to_f64(),
+                                effect_instance.timeline_start,
+                                effect_instance.timeline_start + effect_instance.effective_duration(lightningbeam_core::effect::EFFECT_DURATION, self.ctx.document.tempo_map()),
                             );
 
                             // Acquire temp buffer for effect output (HDR format)
@@ -2211,8 +2204,7 @@ impl egui_wgpu::CallbackTrait for VelloCallback {
                                 let combined_transform = overlay_transform * clip_transform;
 
                                 // Calculate clip bounds for preview
-                                let start_secs = self.ctx.document.tempo_map().beats_to_seconds(clip_inst.timeline_start).seconds_to_f64();
-                                let clip_time = ((self.ctx.playback_time - start_secs) * clip_inst.playback_speed) + clip_inst.trim_start.raw();
+                                let clip_time = ((self.ctx.playback_time - clip_inst.timeline_start) * clip_inst.playback_speed) + clip_inst.trim_start;
                                 let content_bounds = if let Some(vector_clip) = self.ctx.document.get_vector_clip(&clip_inst.clip_id) {
                                     vector_clip.calculate_content_bounds(&self.ctx.document, clip_time)
                                 } else if let Some(video_clip) = self.ctx.document.get_video_clip(&clip_inst.clip_id) {
@@ -2301,21 +2293,15 @@ impl egui_wgpu::CallbackTrait for VelloCallback {
                         // Also draw selection outlines for clip instances
                         for &clip_id in self.ctx.selection.clip_instances() {
                             if let Some(clip_instance) = vector_layer.clip_instances.iter().find(|ci| ci.id == clip_id) {
-                                // Skip clip instances not active at current time (compare in seconds).
-                                let clip_dur = ClipDuration::Seconds(
-                                    self.ctx.document.get_clip_duration(&clip_instance.clip_id).unwrap_or(Seconds::ZERO),
-                                );
-                                let tempo_map = self.ctx.document.tempo_map();
-                                let start_secs = tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(clip_instance.timeline_start).seconds_to_f64();
-                                let instance_end = tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(
-                                    clip_instance.timeline_start + clip_instance.effective_duration(clip_dur, tempo_map)
-                                ).seconds_to_f64();
-                                if self.ctx.playback_time < start_secs || self.ctx.playback_time >= instance_end {
+                                // Skip clip instances not active at current time
+                                let clip_dur = self.ctx.document.get_clip_duration(&clip_instance.clip_id).unwrap_or(0.0);
+                                let instance_end = clip_instance.timeline_start + clip_instance.effective_duration(clip_dur, self.ctx.document.tempo_map());
+                                if self.ctx.playback_time < clip_instance.timeline_start || self.ctx.playback_time >= instance_end {
                                     continue;
                                 }
 
                                 // Calculate clip-local time
-                                let clip_time = ((self.ctx.playback_time - start_secs) * clip_instance.playback_speed) + clip_instance.trim_start.raw();
+                                let clip_time = ((self.ctx.playback_time - clip_instance.timeline_start) * clip_instance.playback_speed) + clip_instance.trim_start;
 
                                 // Get dynamic clip bounds from content at current time
                                 let bbox = if let Some(vector_clip) = self.ctx.document.get_vector_clip(&clip_instance.clip_id) {
@@ -2685,13 +2671,9 @@ impl egui_wgpu::CallbackTrait for VelloCallback {
 
                         // Find clip instance visible at playback time
                         let visible_clip = video_layer.clip_instances.iter().find(|inst| {
-                            let clip_duration = ClipDuration::Seconds(
-                                self.ctx.document.get_clip_duration(&inst.clip_id).unwrap_or(Seconds::ZERO),
-                            );
-                            let tempo_map = self.ctx.document.tempo_map();
-                            let start_secs = tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(inst.timeline_start).seconds_to_f64();
-                            let end_secs = tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(inst.timeline_start + inst.effective_duration(clip_duration, tempo_map)).seconds_to_f64();
-                            playback_time >= start_secs && playback_time < end_secs
+                            let clip_duration = self.ctx.document.get_clip_duration(&inst.clip_id).unwrap_or(0.0);
+                            let effective_duration = inst.effective_duration(clip_duration, self.ctx.document.tempo_map());
+                            playback_time >= inst.timeline_start && playback_time < inst.timeline_start + effective_duration
                         });
 
                     if let Some(clip_inst) = visible_clip {
@@ -5722,14 +5704,9 @@ impl StagePane {
         screen_pos: egui::Pos2,
         shared: &mut SharedPaneState,
     ) {
-        // On click, store the screen position and which swatch the sample lands in.
+        // On click, store the screen position and color mode for sampling
         if self.rsp_clicked(response) {
-            let mode = if shared.raster_settings.eyedropper_use_fg {
-                super::ColorMode::Stroke
-            } else {
-                super::ColorMode::Fill
-            };
-            self.pending_eyedropper_sample = Some((screen_pos, mode));
+            self.pending_eyedropper_sample = Some((screen_pos, *shared.active_color_mode));
         }
     }
 
@@ -6497,16 +6474,15 @@ impl StagePane {
             b.dabs_per_radius = spacing;
             if matches!(blend_mode, RasterBlendMode::Smudge) {
                 b.dabs_per_actual_radius = 0.0;
-                b.smudge_radius_log =
-                    shared.raster_settings.brush(crate::tools::BrushKind::Smudge).strength;
+                b.smudge_radius_log = shared.raster_settings.smudge_strength;
             }
             if matches!(blend_mode, RasterBlendMode::BlurSharpen) {
                 b.dabs_per_actual_radius = 0.0;
             }
-            let color = if !def.uses_color() {
+            let color = if matches!(blend_mode, RasterBlendMode::Erase) {
                 [1.0f32, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]
             } else {
-                let c = if shared.raster_settings.brush(def.brush_kind()).use_fg {
+                let c = if shared.raster_settings.brush_use_fg {
                     *shared.stroke_color
                 } else {
                     *shared.fill_color
@@ -6715,8 +6691,7 @@ impl StagePane {
                 b.dabs_per_actual_radius = 0.0;
                 // strength controls how far behind the stroke to sample (smudge_dist multiplier).
                 // smudge_dist = radius * exp(smudge_radius_log), so log(strength) gives the ratio.
-                b.smudge_radius_log =
-                    shared.raster_settings.brush(crate::tools::BrushKind::Smudge).strength;
+                b.smudge_radius_log = shared.raster_settings.smudge_strength; // linear [0,1] strength
             }
             if matches!(blend_mode, lightningbeam_core::raster_layer::RasterBlendMode::BlurSharpen) {
                 // Zero dabs_per_actual_radius so the spacing slider is the sole density control.
@@ -6725,14 +6700,10 @@ impl StagePane {
             b
         };
 
-        let color = if !def.uses_color() {
+        let color = if matches!(blend_mode, lightningbeam_core::raster_layer::RasterBlendMode::Erase) {
             [1.0f32, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]
         } else {
-            let c = if shared.raster_settings.brush(def.brush_kind()).use_fg {
-                *shared.stroke_color
-            } else {
-                *shared.fill_color
-            };
+            let c = if shared.raster_settings.brush_use_fg { *shared.stroke_color } else { *shared.fill_color };
             let s2l = |v: u8| -> f32 {
                 let f = v as f32 / 255.0;
                 if f <= 0.04045 { f / 12.92 } else { ((f + 0.055) / 1.055).powf(2.4) }
@@ -7447,7 +7418,7 @@ impl StagePane {
             use lightningbeam_core::actions::PaintBucketAction;
             use vello::kurbo::Point;
             let click_point = Point::new(world_pos.x as f64, world_pos.y as f64);
-            let fill_color = ShapeColor::from_egui(bucket_color(shared));
+            let fill_color = ShapeColor::from_egui(*shared.fill_color);
             let action = PaintBucketAction::new(
                 active_layer_id,
                 *shared.playback_time,
@@ -7501,7 +7472,7 @@ impl StagePane {
             return;
         }
 
-        let fill_egui = bucket_color(shared);
+        let fill_egui = *shared.fill_color;
         let fill_color = [fill_egui.r(), fill_egui.g(), fill_egui.b(), fill_egui.a()];
         let threshold  = shared.raster_settings.fill_threshold;
         let softness   = shared.raster_settings.fill_softness;
@@ -10159,8 +10130,7 @@ impl StagePane {
                 for &clip_id in shared.selection.clip_instances() {
                     if let Some(clip_instance) = vector_layer.clip_instances.iter().find(|ci| ci.id == clip_id) {
                         // Calculate clip-local time
-                        let start_secs = shared.action_executor.document().tempo_map().beats_to_seconds(clip_instance.timeline_start).seconds_to_f64();
-                        let clip_time = ((*shared.playback_time - start_secs) * clip_instance.playback_speed) + clip_instance.trim_start.raw();
+                        let clip_time = ((*shared.playback_time - clip_instance.timeline_start) * clip_instance.playback_speed) + clip_instance.trim_start;
 
                         // Get dynamic clip bounds from content at current time
                         use vello::kurbo::Rect as KurboRect;
@@ -10360,8 +10330,7 @@ impl StagePane {
                 // Try clip instance
                 if let Some(clip_instance) = vector_layer.clip_instances.iter().find(|ci| ci.id == object_id) {
                     // Calculate clip-local time
-                    let start_secs = shared.action_executor.document().tempo_map().beats_to_seconds(clip_instance.timeline_start).seconds_to_f64();
-                    let clip_time = ((*shared.playback_time - start_secs) * clip_instance.playback_speed) + clip_instance.trim_start.raw();
+                    let clip_time = ((*shared.playback_time - clip_instance.timeline_start) * clip_instance.playback_speed) + clip_instance.trim_start;
 
                     // Get dynamic clip bounds from content at current time
                     let local_bbox = if let Some(vector_clip) = shared.action_executor.document().get_vector_clip(&clip_instance.clip_id) {
@@ -11077,13 +11046,9 @@ impl StagePane {
             let document = shared.action_executor.document();
             if let Some(AnyLayer::Video(video_layer)) = document.get_layer(layer_id) {
                 video_layer.clip_instances.iter().find(|inst| {
-                    let clip_duration = ClipDuration::Seconds(
-                        document.get_clip_duration(&inst.clip_id).unwrap_or(Seconds::ZERO),
-                    );
-                    let tempo_map = document.tempo_map();
-                    let start_secs = tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(inst.timeline_start).seconds_to_f64();
-                    let end_secs = tempo_map.beats_to_seconds(inst.timeline_start + inst.effective_duration(clip_duration, tempo_map)).seconds_to_f64();
-                    playback_time >= start_secs && playback_time < end_secs
+                    let clip_duration = document.get_clip_duration(&inst.clip_id).unwrap_or(0.0);
+                    let effective_duration = inst.effective_duration(clip_duration, document.tempo_map());
+                    playback_time >= inst.timeline_start && playback_time < inst.timeline_start + effective_duration
                 }).map(|inst| inst.id)
             } else {
                 None
@@ -11600,11 +11565,7 @@ impl StagePane {
 
         // Handle tool input (only if not using Alt modifier for panning, and not while a
         // double-tap-drag marquee is actively dragging so the tool doesn't act during the gesture).
-        // A pen barrel button bound to Pan suppresses the tool the same way Alt does — the pen
-        // tip is still down while panning, so without this the brush would paint as you pan.
-        let pen_panning = crate::tablet::active_button_action()
-            == Some(crate::config::TabletButtonAction::Pan);
-        if !alt_held && !pen_panning && !self.marquee_gesture_active {
+        if !alt_held && !self.marquee_gesture_active {
             use lightningbeam_core::tool::Tool;
 
             // On a shape-tween in-between frame the active vector layer's geometry is an
@@ -11767,21 +11728,9 @@ impl StagePane {
                 self.pan_offset.y += scroll_delta.y;
             }
 
-            // Middle-mouse drag pans, independent of the stage's own drag sense.
-            let middle_down = ui.input(|i| i.pointer.middle_down());
-            if middle_down {
-                let delta = ui.input(|i| i.pointer.delta());
-                self.pan_offset += delta;
-                self.is_panning = true;
-            }
-
-            // Holding a pen barrel button bound to Pan turns the pen drag into a pan instead of
-            // a stroke (the tip is still down, so this is a normal primary drag).
-            let pen_pan = crate::tablet::active_button_action()
-                == Some(crate::config::TabletButtonAction::Pan);
-
-            // Handle panning with Alt+Drag (or a pan-bound pen button)
-            if (alt_held || pen_pan) && response.dragged() {
+            // Handle panning with Alt+Drag
+            if alt_held && response.dragged() {
+                // Alt+Click+Drag panning
                 if let Some(last_pos) = self.last_pan_pos {
                     if let Some(current_pos) = response.interact_pointer_pos() {
                         let delta = current_pos - last_pos;
@@ -11791,7 +11740,7 @@ impl StagePane {
                 self.last_pan_pos = response.interact_pointer_pos();
                 self.is_panning = true;
             } else {
-                if !response.dragged() && !middle_down {
+                if !response.dragged() {
                     self.is_panning = false;
                     self.last_pan_pos = None;
                 }
@@ -12135,22 +12084,26 @@ impl StagePane {
             let r = shared.raster_settings.quick_select_radius;
             (r, r, 0.0_f32)
         } else if let Some(def) = crate::tools::raster_tool_def(shared.selected_tool) {
-            // Every brush tool can carry an elliptical library brush, so shape the cursor from
-            // whichever slot the active tool paints with.
-            let slot = shared.raster_settings.brush(def.brush_kind());
             let r = def.cursor_radius(shared.raster_settings);
-            let bs = &slot.settings;
-            let ratio = bs.elliptical_dab_ratio.max(1.0);
-            let expand = 1.0 + bs.offset_by_random;
-            let angle = (bs.elliptical_dab_angle + slot.angle_offset).to_radians();
-            (r * expand, r * expand / ratio, angle)
+            // For the standard paint brush, also account for elliptical shape.
+            if matches!(*shared.selected_tool,
+                Tool::Draw | Tool::Pencil | Tool::Pen | Tool::Airbrush)
+            {
+                let bs = &shared.raster_settings.active_brush_settings;
+                let ratio = bs.elliptical_dab_ratio.max(1.0);
+                let expand = 1.0 + bs.offset_by_random;
+                let angle = (bs.elliptical_dab_angle + shared.raster_settings.brush_angle_offset).to_radians();
+                (r * expand, r * expand / ratio, angle)
+            } else {
+                (r, r, 0.0_f32)
+            }
         } else {
-            let slot = shared.raster_settings.brush(crate::tools::BrushKind::Paint);
-            let bs = &slot.settings;
+            let bs = &shared.raster_settings.active_brush_settings;
+            let r = shared.raster_settings.brush_radius;
             let ratio = bs.elliptical_dab_ratio.max(1.0);
             let expand = 1.0 + bs.offset_by_random;
-            let angle = (bs.elliptical_dab_angle + slot.angle_offset).to_radians();
-            (slot.radius * expand, slot.radius * expand / ratio, angle)
+            let angle = (bs.elliptical_dab_angle + shared.raster_settings.brush_angle_offset).to_radians();
+            (r * expand, r * expand / ratio, angle)
         };
 
         let a = a_world * self.zoom; // major semi-axis in screen pixels
@@ -12195,84 +12148,9 @@ impl StagePane {
 
 impl PaneRenderer for StagePane {
     fn render_header(&mut self, ui: &mut egui::Ui, shared: &mut SharedPaneState) -> bool {
-        // Fill most of the 40px header so the buttons are a comfortable tablet-sized target
-        // rather than the ~20px egui default.
-        const BTN_H: f32 = 27.0;
-        let btn_size = egui::vec2(32.0, BTN_H);
-
-        // Lay the row out in a full-width band of exactly BTN_H centred in the header, so the
-        // buttons sit vertically centred instead of dropping to the bottom of the taller header
-        // rect. Horizontally they still start at the left, as before.
-        let avail = ui.max_rect();
-        let band = egui::Rect::from_min_size(
-            egui::pos2(avail.min.x, avail.center().y - BTN_H / 2.0),
-            egui::vec2(avail.width(), BTN_H),
-        );
-
-        ui.scope_builder(
-            egui::UiBuilder::new()
-                .max_rect(band)
-                .layout(egui::Layout::left_to_right(egui::Align::Center)),
-            |ui| {
-            // Undo / redo — duplicated here so tablet users don't need the keyboard.
-            let can_undo = shared.action_executor.can_undo();
-            let can_redo = shared.action_executor.can_redo();
-            let icon_btn = |glyph: &str| {
-                egui::Button::new(
-                    egui::RichText::new(glyph).font(crate::mobile::icons::font(16.0)),
-                )
-                .min_size(btn_size)
-            };
-
-            if ui
-                .add_enabled(can_undo, icon_btn(crate::mobile::icons::UNDO_2))
-                .on_hover_text("Undo")
-                .clicked()
-            {
-                shared.pending_menu_actions.push(crate::menu::MenuAction::Undo);
-            }
-            if ui
-                .add_enabled(can_redo, icon_btn(crate::mobile::icons::REDO_2))
-                .on_hover_text("Redo")
-                .clicked()
-            {
-                shared.pending_menu_actions.push(crate::menu::MenuAction::Redo);
-            }
-
-            ui.separator();
-
-            // Zoom to fit: Lucide "maximize" glyph followed by the label. Two fonts in one
-            // button means building the layout job by hand.
-            let fit_label = {
-                let mut job = egui::text::LayoutJob::default();
-                let color = ui.visuals().widgets.inactive.fg_stroke.color;
-                job.append(
-                    crate::mobile::icons::MAXIMIZE,
-                    0.0,
-                    egui::TextFormat {
-                        font_id: crate::mobile::icons::font(15.0),
-                        color,
-                        valign: egui::Align::Center,
-                        ..Default::default()
-                    },
-                );
-                job.append(
-                    "Fit",
-                    6.0,
-                    egui::TextFormat {
-                        font_id: egui::TextStyle::Button.resolve(ui.style()),
-                        color,
-                        valign: egui::Align::Center,
-                        ..Default::default()
-                    },
-                );
-                job
-            };
-            if ui
-                .add(egui::Button::new(fit_label).min_size(egui::vec2(0.0, BTN_H)))
-                .on_hover_text("Zoom to fit canvas in view")
-                .clicked()
-            {
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            // Zoom to fit button
+            if ui.button("⊡ Fit").on_hover_text("Zoom to fit canvas in view").clicked() {
                 self.zoom_to_fit(shared);
             }
 
@@ -12282,8 +12160,7 @@ impl PaneRenderer for StagePane {
             let text_style = shared.theme.style(".text-primary", ui.ctx());
             let text_color = text_style.text_color.unwrap_or(egui::Color32::from_gray(200));
             ui.colored_label(text_color, format!("Zoom: {:.0}%", self.zoom * 100.0));
-        },
-        );
+        });
         true
     }
 
@@ -12610,14 +12487,8 @@ impl PaneRenderer for StagePane {
                         let canvas_pos = pointer_pos - rect.min;
                         let world_pos = (canvas_pos - self.pan_offset) / self.zoom;
 
-                        // Use playhead time (seconds); the beats placement position for clips.
+                        // Use playhead time
                         let drop_time = *shared.playback_time;
-                        let drop_beats = shared.action_executor.document().tempo_map().seconds_to_beats(Seconds(drop_time));
-                        // 5-second default effect duration as a beats span at the drop point.
-                        let effect_dur_beats = {
-                            let tmap = shared.action_executor.document().tempo_map();
-                            tmap.seconds_to_beats(tmap.beats_to_seconds(drop_beats) + Seconds(5.0)) - drop_beats
-                        };
 
                         // Find or create a compatible layer
                         let document = shared.action_executor.document();
@@ -12688,8 +12559,8 @@ impl PaneRenderer for StagePane {
 
                                     // Create clip instance for effect with 5 second default duration
                                     let clip_instance = ClipInstance::new(def.id)
-                                        .with_timeline_start(drop_beats)
-                                        .with_timeline_duration(effect_dur_beats);
+                                        .with_timeline_start(drop_time)
+                                        .with_timeline_duration(5.0);
 
                                     // Use AddEffectAction for effect layers
                                     let action = lightningbeam_core::actions::AddEffectAction::new(
@@ -12701,7 +12572,7 @@ impl PaneRenderer for StagePane {
                             } else {
                                 // For clips, create a clip instance
                                 let mut clip_instance = ClipInstance::new(dragging.clip_id)
-                                    .with_timeline_start(drop_beats);
+                                    .with_timeline_start(drop_time);
 
                                 // For video clips, scale to fit and center in document
                                 if dragging.clip_type == DragClipType::Video {
@@ -12771,7 +12642,7 @@ impl PaneRenderer for StagePane {
 
                                     // Create audio clip instance at same timeline position
                                     let audio_instance = ClipInstance::new(linked_audio_clip_id)
-                                        .with_timeline_start(drop_beats);
+                                        .with_timeline_start(drop_time);
                                     let audio_instance_id = audio_instance.id;
 
                                     eprintln!("DEBUG STAGE: Created audio instance: {} for clip: {}", audio_instance_id, linked_audio_clip_id);
@@ -13212,13 +13083,3 @@ impl PaneRenderer for StagePane {
         "Stage"
     }
 }
-
-/// The color the paint bucket fills with. Like the brush, the bucket chooses between the
-/// foreground (stroke) and background (fill) swatch — see `RasterToolSettings::fill_use_fg`.
-fn bucket_color(shared: &SharedPaneState) -> egui::Color32 {
-    if shared.raster_settings.fill_use_fg {
-        *shared.stroke_color
-    } else {
-        *shared.fill_color
-    }
-}

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/panes/toolbar.rs

@@ -29,48 +29,10 @@ impl PaneRenderer for ToolbarPane {
         path: &NodePath,
         shared: &mut SharedPaneState,
     ) {
-        // `ui` spans the whole window, not this pane — bind a child Ui to the pane's content rect
-        // first, or the ScrollArea would start at the window's top (under the pane header) and
-        // size itself against the window's height (so it would never need to scroll).
-        // Salt by path: widget ids inside are auto-generated from the Ui's id, so two toolbar
-        // panes would otherwise fight over the same ids.
-        let mut content_ui = ui.new_child(
-            egui::UiBuilder::new()
-                .id_salt(("toolbar", path))
-                .max_rect(rect)
-                .layout(egui::Layout::top_down(egui::Align::Min)),
-        );
+        let button_size = 60.0;
+        let button_padding = 8.0;
+        let button_spacing = 4.0;
 
-        egui::ScrollArea::vertical()
-            .id_salt(("toolbar_scroll", path))
-            .auto_shrink([false; 2])
-            .show(&mut content_ui, |ui| {
-                self.render_toolbar(ui, path, shared);
-            });
-    }
-
-    fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "Toolbar"
-    }
-}
-
-const BUTTON_SIZE: f32 = 60.0;
-const BUTTON_PADDING: f32 = 8.0;
-const BUTTON_SPACING: f32 = 4.0;
-const COLOR_BUTTON_SIZE: f32 = 50.0;
-const COLOR_LABEL_WIDTH: f32 = 40.0;
-
-impl ToolbarPane {
-    /// Laid out with real egui widgets (`horizontal_wrapped` for the tool grid) rather than
-    /// absolute rect math, so the ScrollArea above can measure the content and scroll it when the
-    /// pane is too short. Buttons are still painted by hand — `allocate_exact_size` reserves the
-    /// space and gives us the Response, and we draw into the rect egui hands back.
-    fn render_toolbar(
-        &mut self,
-        ui: &mut egui::Ui,
-        path: &NodePath,
-        shared: &mut SharedPaneState,
-    ) {
         // Determine which tools to show based on the active layer type
         let active_layer_type: Option<LayerType> = shared.active_layer_id
             .and_then(|id| shared.action_executor.document().get_layer(&id))
@@ -90,273 +52,320 @@ impl ToolbarPane {
             *shared.selected_tool = Tool::Select;
         }
 
+        // Calculate how many columns we can fit
+        let available_width = rect.width() - (button_padding * 2.0);
+        let columns =
+            ((available_width + button_spacing) / (button_size + button_spacing)).floor() as usize;
+        let columns = columns.max(1); // At least 1 column
+        let total_tools = tools.len();
+        let total_rows = (total_tools + columns - 1) / columns;
+
+        let mut y = rect.top() + button_padding;
+
+        // Process tools row by row for centered layout
+        for row in 0..total_rows {
+            let start_idx = row * columns;
+            let end_idx = (start_idx + columns).min(total_tools);
+            let buttons_in_row = end_idx - start_idx;
+
+            // Calculate the total width of buttons in this row
+            let row_width = (buttons_in_row as f32 * button_size)
+                          + ((buttons_in_row.saturating_sub(1)) as f32 * button_spacing);
+
+            // Center the row
+            let mut x = rect.left() + (rect.width() - row_width) / 2.0;
+
+            for tool_idx in start_idx..end_idx {
+                let tool = &tools[tool_idx];
+            let button_rect =
+                egui::Rect::from_min_size(egui::pos2(x, y), egui::vec2(button_size, button_size));
+
+            // Check if this is the selected tool
+            let is_selected = *shared.selected_tool == *tool;
+
+            // Button background
+            let bg_color = if is_selected {
+                shared.theme.bg_color(&["#toolbar", ".tool-button", ".selected"], ui.ctx(), egui::Color32::from_rgb(70, 100, 150))
+            } else {
+                shared.theme.bg_color(&["#toolbar", ".tool-button"], ui.ctx(), egui::Color32::from_rgb(50, 50, 50))
+            };
+            ui.painter().rect_filled(button_rect, 4.0, bg_color);
+
+            // Load and render tool icon
+            if let Some(icon) = shared.tool_icon_cache.get_or_load(*tool, ui.ctx()) {
+                let icon_rect = button_rect.shrink(8.0); // Padding inside button
+                ui.painter().image(
+                    icon.id(),
+                    icon_rect,
+                    egui::Rect::from_min_max(egui::pos2(0.0, 0.0), egui::pos2(1.0, 1.0)),
+                    egui::Color32::WHITE,
+                );
+            }
+
+            // Draw sub-tool arrow indicator for tools with modes
+            let has_sub_tools = matches!(tool, Tool::RegionSelect | Tool::SelectLasso);
+            if has_sub_tools {
+                let arrow_size = 6.0;
+                let margin = 4.0;
+                let corner = button_rect.right_bottom() - egui::vec2(margin, margin);
+                let tri = [
+                    corner,
+                    corner - egui::vec2(arrow_size, 0.0),
+                    corner - egui::vec2(0.0, arrow_size),
+                ];
+                ui.painter().add(egui::Shape::convex_polygon(
+                    tri.to_vec(),
+                    shared.theme.text_color(&["#toolbar", ".tool-button"], ui.ctx(), egui::Color32::from_gray(200)),
+                    egui::Stroke::NONE,
+                ));
+            }
+
+            // Make button interactive (include path to ensure unique IDs across panes)
+            let button_id = ui.id().with(("tool_button", path, *tool as usize));
+            let response = ui.interact(button_rect, button_id, egui::Sense::click());
+
+            // Check for click first
+            if response.clicked() {
+                *shared.selected_tool = *tool;
+                // Preset-backed tools: auto-select the matching bundled brush.
+                let preset_name = match tool {
+                    Tool::Pencil   => Some("Pencil"),
+                    Tool::Pen      => Some("Pen"),
+                    Tool::Airbrush => Some("Airbrush"),
+                    _ => None,
+                };
+                if let Some(name) = preset_name {
+                    if let Some(preset) = bundled_brushes().iter().find(|p| p.name == name) {
+                        let s = &preset.settings;
+                        shared.raster_settings.brush_opacity  = s.opaque.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
+                        shared.raster_settings.brush_hardness = s.hardness.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
+                        shared.raster_settings.brush_spacing  = s.dabs_per_radius;
+                        shared.raster_settings.active_brush_settings = s.clone();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Right-click context menu for tools with sub-options
+            if has_sub_tools {
+                response.context_menu(|ui| {
+                    match tool {
+                        Tool::RegionSelect => {
+                            ui.set_min_width(120.0);
+                            if ui.selectable_label(
+                                *shared.region_select_mode == RegionSelectMode::Rectangle,
+                                "Rectangle",
+                            ).clicked() {
+                                *shared.region_select_mode = RegionSelectMode::Rectangle;
+                                *shared.selected_tool = Tool::RegionSelect;
+                                ui.close();
+                            }
+                            if ui.selectable_label(
+                                *shared.region_select_mode == RegionSelectMode::Lasso,
+                                "Lasso",
+                            ).clicked() {
+                                *shared.region_select_mode = RegionSelectMode::Lasso;
+                                *shared.selected_tool = Tool::RegionSelect;
+                                ui.close();
+                            }
+                        }
+                        Tool::SelectLasso => {
+                            ui.set_min_width(130.0);
+                            if ui.selectable_label(
+                                *shared.lasso_mode == LassoMode::Freehand,
+                                "Freehand",
+                            ).clicked() {
+                                *shared.lasso_mode = LassoMode::Freehand;
+                                *shared.selected_tool = Tool::SelectLasso;
+                                ui.close();
+                            }
+                            if ui.selectable_label(
+                                *shared.lasso_mode == LassoMode::Polygonal,
+                                "Polygonal",
+                            ).clicked() {
+                                *shared.lasso_mode = LassoMode::Polygonal;
+                                *shared.selected_tool = Tool::SelectLasso;
+                                ui.close();
+                            }
+                            if ui.selectable_label(
+                                *shared.lasso_mode == LassoMode::Magnetic,
+                                "Magnetic",
+                            ).clicked() {
+                                *shared.lasso_mode = LassoMode::Magnetic;
+                                *shared.selected_tool = Tool::SelectLasso;
+                                ui.close();
+                            }
+                        }
+                        _ => {}
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+
+            if response.hovered() {
+                ui.painter().rect_stroke(
+                    button_rect,
+                    4.0,
+                    egui::Stroke::new(2.0, shared.theme.border_color(&["#toolbar", ".tool-button", ".hover"], ui.ctx(), egui::Color32::from_gray(180))),
+                    egui::StrokeKind::Middle,
+                );
+            }
+
+            // Show tooltip with tool name and shortcut (consumes response).
+            // Hint text is pulled from the live keymap so it reflects user remappings.
+            let hint = tool_app_action(*tool)
+                .and_then(|action| shared.keymap.get(action))
+                .map(|s| format!(" ({})", s.hint_text()))
+                .unwrap_or_default();
+            let tooltip = if *tool == Tool::RegionSelect {
+                let mode = match *shared.region_select_mode {
+                    RegionSelectMode::Rectangle => "Rectangle",
+                    RegionSelectMode::Lasso => "Lasso",
+                };
+                format!("{} - {}{}\nRight-click for options", tool.display_name(), mode, hint)
+            } else if *tool == Tool::SelectLasso {
+                let mode = match *shared.lasso_mode {
+                    LassoMode::Freehand  => "Freehand",
+                    LassoMode::Polygonal => "Polygonal",
+                    LassoMode::Magnetic  => "Magnetic",
+                };
+                format!("{} - {}{}\nRight-click for options", tool.display_name(), mode, hint)
+            } else {
+                format!("{}{}", tool.display_name(), hint)
+            };
+            response.on_hover_text(tooltip);
+
+            // Draw selection border
+            if is_selected {
+                ui.painter().rect_stroke(
+                    button_rect,
+                    4.0,
+                    egui::Stroke::new(2.0, shared.theme.border_color(&["#toolbar", ".tool-button", ".selected"], ui.ctx(), egui::Color32::from_rgb(100, 150, 255))),
+                    egui::StrokeKind::Middle,
+                );
+            }
+
+                // Move to next column in this row
+                x += button_size + button_spacing;
+            }
+
+            // Move to next row
+            y += button_size + button_spacing;
+        }
+
         let is_raster = matches!(active_layer_type, Some(LayerType::Raster));
         let show_colors = matches!(active_layer_type, None | Some(LayerType::Vector) | Some(LayerType::Raster));
 
-        ui.spacing_mut().item_spacing = egui::vec2(BUTTON_SPACING, BUTTON_SPACING);
-        ui.add_space(BUTTON_PADDING);
+        // Add color pickers below the tool buttons
+        if show_colors {
+        y += button_spacing * 2.0; // Extra spacing
 
-        // Centre the grid as a block. Work out how many columns fit, then lay the buttons out in
-        // a band of exactly that width, positioned to centre it. The band has to be an explicit
-        // max_rect on the child Ui — a `horizontal_wrapped` nested inside a `horizontal` inherits
-        // the parent's available width and wraps against that, not against the width we set.
-        let full_width = ui.available_width();
-        let avail = full_width - BUTTON_PADDING * 2.0;
-        let columns = (((avail + BUTTON_SPACING) / (BUTTON_SIZE + BUTTON_SPACING)).floor() as usize)
-            .max(1)
-            .min(tools.len().max(1));
-        let grid_width =
-            columns as f32 * BUTTON_SIZE + (columns.saturating_sub(1)) as f32 * BUTTON_SPACING;
-        let indent = ((full_width - grid_width) / 2.0).max(0.0);
-        let rows = (tools.len() + columns - 1) / columns;
+        let fill_label_width = 40.0;
+        let color_button_size = 50.0;
+        let color_row_width = fill_label_width + color_button_size + button_spacing;
+        let color_x = rect.left() + (rect.width() - color_row_width) / 2.0;
 
-        let cursor = ui.cursor().min;
-        let band = egui::Rect::from_min_size(
-            egui::pos2(cursor.x + indent, cursor.y),
-            egui::vec2(grid_width, rows as f32 * (BUTTON_SIZE + BUTTON_SPACING)),
-        );
-        ui.scope_builder(
-            egui::UiBuilder::new().max_rect(band).layout(
-                egui::Layout::left_to_right(egui::Align::Min).with_main_wrap(true),
-            ),
-            |ui| {
-                ui.spacing_mut().item_spacing = egui::vec2(BUTTON_SPACING, BUTTON_SPACING);
-                for tool in tools.iter() {
-                    self.render_tool_button(ui, tool, shared);
-                }
-            },
-        );
-
-        // Colour swatches below the tools.
+        // Two color swatches:
         // Stroke/FG always on top, Fill/BG always on bottom.
         // Raster layers label them "FG" / "BG"; vector layers label them "Stroke" / "Fill".
-        if show_colors {
-            ui.add_space(BUTTON_SPACING * 2.0);
+        {
+            let stroke_label = if is_raster { "FG" } else { "Stroke" };
+            let label_color = shared.theme.text_color(&["#toolbar", ".text-secondary"], ui.ctx(), egui::Color32::from_gray(200));
+            ui.painter().text(
+                egui::pos2(color_x + fill_label_width / 2.0, y + color_button_size / 2.0),
+                egui::Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
+                stroke_label,
+                egui::FontId::proportional(14.0),
+                label_color,
+            );
 
-            let row_width = COLOR_LABEL_WIDTH + COLOR_BUTTON_SIZE + BUTTON_SPACING;
-            let color_indent = ((ui.available_width() - row_width) / 2.0).max(0.0);
-
-            for (label, is_stroke) in [
-                (if is_raster { "FG" } else { "Stroke" }, true),
-                (if is_raster { "BG" } else { "Fill" }, false),
-            ] {
-                ui.horizontal(|ui| {
-                    ui.add_space(color_indent);
-
-                    let (label_rect, _) = ui.allocate_exact_size(
-                        egui::vec2(COLOR_LABEL_WIDTH, COLOR_BUTTON_SIZE),
-                        egui::Sense::hover(),
-                    );
-                    let label_color = shared.theme.text_color(
-                        &["#toolbar", ".text-secondary"],
-                        ui.ctx(),
-                        egui::Color32::from_gray(200),
-                    );
-                    ui.painter().text(
-                        label_rect.center(),
-                        egui::Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
-                        label,
-                        egui::FontId::proportional(14.0),
-                        label_color,
-                    );
-
-                    let (swatch_rect, _) = ui.allocate_exact_size(
-                        egui::vec2(COLOR_BUTTON_SIZE, COLOR_BUTTON_SIZE),
-                        egui::Sense::hover(),
-                    );
-                    let (id_key, color) = if is_stroke {
-                        ("stroke_color_button", &mut *shared.stroke_color)
-                    } else {
-                        ("fill_color_button", &mut *shared.fill_color)
-                    };
-                    let button_id = ui.id().with((id_key, path));
-                    crate::widgets::color_swatch::color_swatch(ui, button_id, swatch_rect, color);
+            let stroke_button_rect = egui::Rect::from_min_size(
+                egui::pos2(color_x + fill_label_width + button_spacing, y),
+                egui::vec2(color_button_size, color_button_size),
+            );
+            let stroke_button_id = ui.id().with(("stroke_color_button", path));
+            let stroke_response = ui.interact(stroke_button_rect, stroke_button_id, egui::Sense::click());
+            draw_color_button(ui, stroke_button_rect, *shared.stroke_color);
+            egui::containers::Popup::from_toggle_button_response(&stroke_response)
+                .show(|ui| {
+                    ui.spacing_mut().slider_width = 275.0;
+                    let changed = egui::color_picker::color_picker_color32(ui, shared.stroke_color, egui::color_picker::Alpha::OnlyBlend);
+                    if changed {
+                        *shared.active_color_mode = super::ColorMode::Stroke;
+                    }
                 });
-            }
+
+            y += color_button_size + button_spacing;
         }
 
-        ui.add_space(BUTTON_PADDING);
+        // Fill/BG color swatch
+        {
+            let fill_label = if is_raster { "BG" } else { "Fill" };
+            let label_color = shared.theme.text_color(&["#toolbar", ".text-secondary"], ui.ctx(), egui::Color32::from_gray(200));
+            ui.painter().text(
+                egui::pos2(color_x + fill_label_width / 2.0, y + color_button_size / 2.0),
+                egui::Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
+                fill_label,
+                egui::FontId::proportional(14.0),
+                label_color,
+            );
+
+            let fill_button_rect = egui::Rect::from_min_size(
+                egui::pos2(color_x + fill_label_width + button_spacing, y),
+                egui::vec2(color_button_size, color_button_size),
+            );
+            let fill_button_id = ui.id().with(("fill_color_button", path));
+            let fill_response = ui.interact(fill_button_rect, fill_button_id, egui::Sense::click());
+            draw_color_button(ui, fill_button_rect, *shared.fill_color);
+            egui::containers::Popup::from_toggle_button_response(&fill_response)
+                .show(|ui| {
+                    ui.spacing_mut().slider_width = 275.0;
+                    let changed = egui::color_picker::color_picker_color32(ui, shared.fill_color, egui::color_picker::Alpha::OnlyBlend);
+                    if changed {
+                        *shared.active_color_mode = super::ColorMode::Fill;
+                    }
+                });
+        }
+        } // end color pickers
     }
 
-    fn render_tool_button(
-        &mut self,
-        ui: &mut egui::Ui,
-        tool: &Tool,
-        shared: &mut SharedPaneState,
-    ) {
-        let (button_rect, response) = ui.allocate_exact_size(
-            egui::vec2(BUTTON_SIZE, BUTTON_SIZE),
-            egui::Sense::click(),
-        );
-
-        let is_selected = *shared.selected_tool == *tool;
-
-        // Button background
-        let bg_color = if is_selected {
-            shared.theme.bg_color(&["#toolbar", ".tool-button", ".selected"], ui.ctx(), egui::Color32::from_rgb(70, 100, 150))
-        } else {
-            shared.theme.bg_color(&["#toolbar", ".tool-button"], ui.ctx(), egui::Color32::from_rgb(50, 50, 50))
-        };
-        ui.painter().rect_filled(button_rect, 4.0, bg_color);
-
-        // Tool icon: tools without a bundled SVG fall back to a Lucide glyph rather than the
-        // shared TODO placeholder.
-        if let Some(glyph) = crate::mobile::icons::tool_glyph(*tool) {
-            ui.painter().text(
-                button_rect.center(),
-                egui::Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
-                glyph,
-                crate::mobile::icons::font(26.0),
-                shared.theme.text_color(
-                    &["#toolbar", ".tool-button"],
-                    ui.ctx(),
-                    egui::Color32::from_gray(220),
-                ),
-            );
-        } else if let Some(icon) = shared.tool_icon_cache.get_or_load(*tool, ui.ctx()) {
-            let icon_rect = button_rect.shrink(8.0); // Padding inside button
-            ui.painter().image(
-                icon.id(),
-                icon_rect,
-                egui::Rect::from_min_max(egui::pos2(0.0, 0.0), egui::pos2(1.0, 1.0)),
-                egui::Color32::WHITE,
-            );
-        }
-
-        // Draw sub-tool arrow indicator for tools with modes
-        let has_sub_tools = matches!(tool, Tool::RegionSelect | Tool::SelectLasso);
-        if has_sub_tools {
-            let arrow_size = 6.0;
-            let margin = 4.0;
-            let corner = button_rect.right_bottom() - egui::vec2(margin, margin);
-            let tri = [
-                corner,
-                corner - egui::vec2(arrow_size, 0.0),
-                corner - egui::vec2(0.0, arrow_size),
-            ];
-            ui.painter().add(egui::Shape::convex_polygon(
-                tri.to_vec(),
-                shared.theme.text_color(&["#toolbar", ".tool-button"], ui.ctx(), egui::Color32::from_gray(200)),
-                egui::Stroke::NONE,
-            ));
-        }
-
-        if response.clicked() {
-            *shared.selected_tool = *tool;
-            // Preset-backed tools: auto-select the matching bundled brush.
-            let preset_name = match tool {
-                Tool::Pencil   => Some("Pencil"),
-                Tool::Pen      => Some("Pen"),
-                Tool::Airbrush => Some("Airbrush"),
-                _ => None,
-            };
-            if let Some(name) = preset_name {
-                if let Some(idx) = bundled_brushes().iter().position(|p| p.name == name) {
-                    let settings = bundled_brushes()[idx].settings.clone();
-                    shared
-                        .raster_settings
-                        .brush_mut(crate::tools::BrushKind::Paint)
-                        .apply_preset(idx, &settings);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Right-click context menu for tools with sub-options
-        if has_sub_tools {
-            response.context_menu(|ui| {
-                match tool {
-                    Tool::RegionSelect => {
-                        ui.set_min_width(120.0);
-                        if ui.selectable_label(
-                            *shared.region_select_mode == RegionSelectMode::Rectangle,
-                            "Rectangle",
-                        ).clicked() {
-                            *shared.region_select_mode = RegionSelectMode::Rectangle;
-                            *shared.selected_tool = Tool::RegionSelect;
-                            ui.close();
-                        }
-                        if ui.selectable_label(
-                            *shared.region_select_mode == RegionSelectMode::Lasso,
-                            "Lasso",
-                        ).clicked() {
-                            *shared.region_select_mode = RegionSelectMode::Lasso;
-                            *shared.selected_tool = Tool::RegionSelect;
-                            ui.close();
-                        }
-                    }
-                    Tool::SelectLasso => {
-                        ui.set_min_width(130.0);
-                        if ui.selectable_label(
-                            *shared.lasso_mode == LassoMode::Freehand,
-                            "Freehand",
-                        ).clicked() {
-                            *shared.lasso_mode = LassoMode::Freehand;
-                            *shared.selected_tool = Tool::SelectLasso;
-                            ui.close();
-                        }
-                        if ui.selectable_label(
-                            *shared.lasso_mode == LassoMode::Polygonal,
-                            "Polygonal",
-                        ).clicked() {
-                            *shared.lasso_mode = LassoMode::Polygonal;
-                            *shared.selected_tool = Tool::SelectLasso;
-                            ui.close();
-                        }
-                        if ui.selectable_label(
-                            *shared.lasso_mode == LassoMode::Magnetic,
-                            "Magnetic",
-                        ).clicked() {
-                            *shared.lasso_mode = LassoMode::Magnetic;
-                            *shared.selected_tool = Tool::SelectLasso;
-                            ui.close();
-                        }
-                    }
-                    _ => {}
-                }
-            });
-        }
-
-        if response.hovered() {
-            ui.painter().rect_stroke(
-                button_rect,
-                4.0,
-                egui::Stroke::new(2.0, shared.theme.border_color(&["#toolbar", ".tool-button", ".hover"], ui.ctx(), egui::Color32::from_gray(180))),
-                egui::StrokeKind::Middle,
-            );
-        }
-
-        // Draw selection border
-        if is_selected {
-            ui.painter().rect_stroke(
-                button_rect,
-                4.0,
-                egui::Stroke::new(2.0, shared.theme.border_color(&["#toolbar", ".tool-button", ".selected"], ui.ctx(), egui::Color32::from_rgb(100, 150, 255))),
-                egui::StrokeKind::Middle,
-            );
-        }
-
-        // Show tooltip with tool name and shortcut (consumes response).
-        // Hint text is pulled from the live keymap so it reflects user remappings.
-        let hint = tool_app_action(*tool)
-            .and_then(|action| shared.keymap.get(action))
-            .map(|s| format!(" ({})", s.hint_text()))
-            .unwrap_or_default();
-        let tooltip = if *tool == Tool::RegionSelect {
-            let mode = match *shared.region_select_mode {
-                RegionSelectMode::Rectangle => "Rectangle",
-                RegionSelectMode::Lasso => "Lasso",
-            };
-            format!("{} - {}{}\nRight-click for options", tool.display_name(), mode, hint)
-        } else if *tool == Tool::SelectLasso {
-            let mode = match *shared.lasso_mode {
-                LassoMode::Freehand  => "Freehand",
-                LassoMode::Polygonal => "Polygonal",
-                LassoMode::Magnetic  => "Magnetic",
-            };
-            format!("{} - {}{}\nRight-click for options", tool.display_name(), mode, hint)
-        } else {
-            format!("{}{}", tool.display_name(), hint)
-        };
-        response.on_hover_text(tooltip);
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "Toolbar"
     }
 }
+
+/// Draw a color button with checkerboard background for alpha channel
+fn draw_color_button(ui: &mut egui::Ui, rect: egui::Rect, color: egui::Color32) {
+    // Draw checkerboard background
+    let checker_size = 5.0;
+    let cols = (rect.width() / checker_size).ceil() as usize;
+    let rows = (rect.height() / checker_size).ceil() as usize;
+
+    for row in 0..rows {
+        for col in 0..cols {
+            let is_light = (row + col) % 2 == 0;
+            let checker_color = if is_light {
+                egui::Color32::from_gray(180)
+            } else {
+                egui::Color32::from_gray(120)
+            };
+            let checker_rect = egui::Rect::from_min_size(
+                egui::pos2(
+                    rect.min.x + col as f32 * checker_size,
+                    rect.min.y + row as f32 * checker_size,
+                ),
+                egui::vec2(checker_size, checker_size),
+            ).intersect(rect);
+            ui.painter().rect_filled(checker_rect, 0.0, checker_color);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Draw color on top
+    ui.painter().rect_filled(rect, 2.0, color);
+
+    // Draw border
+    ui.painter().rect_stroke(
+        rect,
+        2.0,
+        egui::Stroke::new(1.0, egui::Color32::from_gray(80)),
+        egui::StrokeKind::Middle,
+    );
+}

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/preferences/dialog.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use eframe::egui;
-use crate::config::{AppConfig, TabletButtonAction};
+use crate::config::AppConfig;
 use crate::keymap::{self, AppAction, KeymapManager};
 use crate::menu::{MenuSystem, Shortcut, ShortcutKey};
 use crate::theme::{Theme, ThemeMode};
@@ -55,15 +55,12 @@ struct PreferencesState {
     file_height: u32,
     scroll_speed: f64,
     audio_buffer_size: u32,
-    cycle_midi_separate_takes: bool,
     reopen_last_session: bool,
     restore_layout_from_file: bool,
     debug: bool,
     waveform_stereo: bool,
     theme_mode: ThemeMode,
     large_media_default: LargeMediaMode,
-    tablet_button_lower: TabletButtonAction,
-    tablet_button_upper: TabletButtonAction,
 }
 
 impl From<(&AppConfig, &Theme)> for PreferencesState {
@@ -75,15 +72,12 @@ impl From<(&AppConfig, &Theme)> for PreferencesState {
             file_height: config.file_height,
             scroll_speed: config.scroll_speed,
             audio_buffer_size: config.audio_buffer_size,
-            cycle_midi_separate_takes: config.cycle_midi_separate_takes,
             reopen_last_session: config.reopen_last_session,
             restore_layout_from_file: config.restore_layout_from_file,
             debug: config.debug,
             waveform_stereo: config.waveform_stereo,
             theme_mode: theme.mode(),
             large_media_default: config.large_media_default,
-            tablet_button_lower: config.tablet_button_lower,
-            tablet_button_upper: config.tablet_button_upper,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -97,15 +91,12 @@ impl Default for PreferencesState {
             file_height: 600,
             scroll_speed: 1.0,
             audio_buffer_size: 256,
-            cycle_midi_separate_takes: false,
             reopen_last_session: false,
             restore_layout_from_file: true,
             debug: false,
             waveform_stereo: false,
             theme_mode: ThemeMode::System,
             large_media_default: LargeMediaMode::default(),
-            tablet_button_lower: TabletButtonAction::Pan,
-            tablet_button_upper: TabletButtonAction::Eyedropper,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -174,7 +165,7 @@ impl PreferencesDialog {
         // mobile modals; on desktop, the familiar draggable window.
         let width = crate::mobile::dialog_width(ctx, 550.0);
         let scroll_h = if mobile {
-            (ctx.content_rect().height() - 220.0).clamp(160.0, 400.0)
+            (ctx.screen_rect().height() - 220.0).clamp(160.0, 400.0)
         } else {
             400.0
         };
@@ -248,8 +239,6 @@ impl PreferencesDialog {
                     ui.add_space(8.0);
                     self.render_startup_section(ui);
                     ui.add_space(8.0);
-                    self.render_tablet_section(ui);
-                    ui.add_space(8.0);
                     self.render_advanced_section(ui);
                 });
             }
@@ -554,39 +543,6 @@ impl PreferencesDialog {
                 });
 
                 ui.label("Requires app restart to take effect");
-
-                ui.separator();
-
-                ui.horizontal(|ui| {
-                    ui.label("Cycle MIDI recording:");
-
-                    egui::ComboBox::from_id_salt("cycle_midi_mode")
-                        .selected_text(if self.working_prefs.cycle_midi_separate_takes {
-                            "Separate takes"
-                        } else {
-                            "Merge"
-                        })
-                        .show_ui(ui, |ui| {
-                            ui.selectable_value(
-                                &mut self.working_prefs.cycle_midi_separate_takes,
-                                false,
-                                "Merge",
-                            )
-                            .on_hover_text(
-                                "Every pass overdubs into one clip, and earlier passes play back as \
-                                 you record so you can layer against them.",
-                            );
-                            ui.selectable_value(
-                                &mut self.working_prefs.cycle_midi_separate_takes,
-                                true,
-                                "Separate takes",
-                            )
-                            .on_hover_text(
-                                "Each pass becomes its own take in a take folder, as audio always \
-                                 does. Earlier passes stay silent — they're alternatives, not layers.",
-                            );
-                        });
-                });
             });
     }
 
@@ -635,41 +591,6 @@ impl PreferencesDialog {
             });
     }
 
-    fn render_tablet_section(&mut self, ui: &mut egui::Ui) {
-        egui::CollapsingHeader::new("Tablet")
-            .default_open(false)
-            .show(ui, |ui| {
-                ui.label("What each barrel button on the stylus does while held:");
-                ui.add_space(4.0);
-
-                let button_row = |ui: &mut egui::Ui, label: &str, id: &str, value: &mut TabletButtonAction| {
-                    ui.horizontal(|ui| {
-                        ui.label(label);
-                        egui::ComboBox::from_id_salt(id)
-                            .selected_text(value.label())
-                            .show_ui(ui, |ui| {
-                                for action in TabletButtonAction::ALL {
-                                    ui.selectable_value(value, action, action.label());
-                                }
-                            });
-                    });
-                };
-
-                button_row(
-                    ui,
-                    "Lower button:",
-                    "tablet_button_lower",
-                    &mut self.working_prefs.tablet_button_lower,
-                );
-                button_row(
-                    ui,
-                    "Upper button:",
-                    "tablet_button_upper",
-                    &mut self.working_prefs.tablet_button_upper,
-                );
-            });
-    }
-
     fn render_advanced_section(&mut self, ui: &mut egui::Ui) {
         egui::CollapsingHeader::new("Advanced")
             .default_open(false)
@@ -720,14 +641,11 @@ impl PreferencesDialog {
         temp_config.file_height = self.working_prefs.file_height;
         temp_config.scroll_speed = self.working_prefs.scroll_speed;
         temp_config.audio_buffer_size = self.working_prefs.audio_buffer_size;
-        temp_config.cycle_midi_separate_takes = self.working_prefs.cycle_midi_separate_takes;
         temp_config.reopen_last_session = self.working_prefs.reopen_last_session;
         temp_config.restore_layout_from_file = self.working_prefs.restore_layout_from_file;
         temp_config.debug = self.working_prefs.debug;
         temp_config.waveform_stereo = self.working_prefs.waveform_stereo;
         temp_config.theme_mode = self.working_prefs.theme_mode.to_string_lower();
-        temp_config.tablet_button_lower = self.working_prefs.tablet_button_lower;
-        temp_config.tablet_button_upper = self.working_prefs.tablet_button_upper;
 
         // Validate
         if let Err(err) = temp_config.validate() {
@@ -757,23 +675,16 @@ impl PreferencesDialog {
         config.file_height = self.working_prefs.file_height;
         config.scroll_speed = self.working_prefs.scroll_speed;
         config.audio_buffer_size = self.working_prefs.audio_buffer_size;
-        config.cycle_midi_separate_takes = self.working_prefs.cycle_midi_separate_takes;
         config.reopen_last_session = self.working_prefs.reopen_last_session;
         config.restore_layout_from_file = self.working_prefs.restore_layout_from_file;
         config.debug = self.working_prefs.debug;
         config.waveform_stereo = self.working_prefs.waveform_stereo;
         config.theme_mode = self.working_prefs.theme_mode.to_string_lower();
         config.large_media_default = self.working_prefs.large_media_default;
-        config.tablet_button_lower = self.working_prefs.tablet_button_lower;
-        config.tablet_button_upper = self.working_prefs.tablet_button_upper;
         config.keybindings = keybinding_config;
 
         // Apply theme immediately
         theme.set_mode(self.working_prefs.theme_mode);
-        crate::tablet::set_button_actions(
-            self.working_prefs.tablet_button_lower,
-            self.working_prefs.tablet_button_upper,
-        );
 
         // Save to disk
         config.save();

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/tablet.rs

@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@ use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
 use eframe::egui;
 use lightningbeam_core::tool::Tool;
 
-use crate::config::TabletButtonAction;
-
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Global tablet state — read by make_stroke_point() on the UI thread
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -23,58 +21,6 @@ static TABLET_PRESSURE_BITS: AtomicU32 = AtomicU32::new(0x3f800000); // 1.0f32
 static TABLET_TILT_X_BITS: AtomicU32 = AtomicU32::new(0); // 0.0f32
 static TABLET_TILT_Y_BITS: AtomicU32 = AtomicU32::new(0); // 0.0f32
 
-/// Bit 0 = lower barrel button held, bit 1 = upper. Read on the UI thread by the stage to
-/// decide whether the pen is currently panning.
-static TABLET_BUTTONS: AtomicU32 = AtomicU32::new(0);
-
-fn button_bit(b: TabletButton) -> u32 {
-    match b {
-        TabletButton::Lower => 1,
-        TabletButton::Upper => 2,
-    }
-}
-
-/// Is the given barrel button currently held?
-pub fn button_held(b: TabletButton) -> bool {
-    TABLET_BUTTONS.load(Ordering::Relaxed) & button_bit(b) != 0
-}
-
-/// The configured action for each barrel button, mirrored from `AppConfig` so the stage can
-/// read it without threading config through every call site.
-static BUTTON_ACTIONS: std::sync::Mutex<(TabletButtonAction, TabletButtonAction)> =
-    std::sync::Mutex::new((TabletButtonAction::Pan, TabletButtonAction::Eyedropper));
-
-/// Mirror the configured barrel-button actions. Call on startup and whenever preferences change.
-pub fn set_button_actions(lower: TabletButtonAction, upper: TabletButtonAction) {
-    if let Ok(mut a) = BUTTON_ACTIONS.lock() {
-        *a = (lower, upper);
-    }
-}
-
-fn action_for(b: TabletButton) -> TabletButtonAction {
-    let actions = BUTTON_ACTIONS
-        .lock()
-        .map(|a| *a)
-        .unwrap_or((TabletButtonAction::Pan, TabletButtonAction::Eyedropper));
-    match b {
-        TabletButton::Lower => actions.0,
-        TabletButton::Upper => actions.1,
-    }
-}
-
-/// The action of whichever barrel button is currently held (lower wins if both are).
-pub fn active_button_action() -> Option<TabletButtonAction> {
-    for b in [TabletButton::Lower, TabletButton::Upper] {
-        if button_held(b) {
-            let a = action_for(b);
-            if a != TabletButtonAction::None {
-                return Some(a);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    None
-}
-
 /// Current pen pressure (0.0–1.0). Falls back to 1.0 when no tablet is active.
 pub fn current_pressure() -> f32 {
     f32::from_bits(TABLET_PRESSURE_BITS.load(Ordering::Relaxed))
@@ -111,32 +57,10 @@ pub enum RawTabletEvent {
     Tilt { x: f32, y: f32 },
     TipDown,
     TipUp,
-    /// A barrel button on the pen was pressed or released.
-    Button { button: TabletButton, pressed: bool },
     /// End of Wayland tablet event group; commit accumulated state.
     Frame,
 }
 
-/// Which barrel button on the stylus. Most pens have two; some have a third.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum TabletButton {
-    Lower,
-    Upper,
-}
-
-impl TabletButton {
-    /// Map a Linux evdev button code (used by both the Wayland tablet protocol and X11's
-    /// underlying device) to a barrel button.
-    fn from_evdev(code: u32) -> Option<Self> {
-        // BTN_STYLUS = 0x14b, BTN_STYLUS2 = 0x14c, BTN_STYLUS3 = 0x149.
-        match code {
-            0x14b => Some(TabletButton::Lower),
-            0x14c => Some(TabletButton::Upper),
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Default)]
 pub enum TabletToolType {
     #[default]
@@ -167,13 +91,9 @@ pub struct TabletInput {
     /// On X11, clicks already come through winit via OS mouse emulation.
     inject_buttons: bool,
 
-    /// Pending tool switch (eraser in/out, barrel-button override). Consumed by `EditorApp::update()`.
+    /// Pending tool switch (eraser in/out). Consumed by `EditorApp::update()`.
     pub pending_tool_switch: Option<Tool>,
     tool_before_eraser: Option<Tool>,
-    /// Barrel-button state as of last frame, for press/release edge detection.
-    prev_buttons: u32,
-    /// Tool to restore when the barrel button driving a tool override is released.
-    tool_before_button: Option<Tool>,
 
     /// One-shot sender used to hand the egui Context to the background thread
     /// on the first poll() call so it can call request_repaint().
@@ -205,8 +125,6 @@ impl TabletInput {
             inject_buttons,
             pending_tool_switch: None,
             tool_before_eraser: None,
-            prev_buttons: 0,
-            tool_before_button: None,
             repaint_sender,
             backend,
         }
@@ -284,9 +202,6 @@ impl TabletInput {
         // Handle eraser tool switch.
         self.handle_tool_switch(current_tool);
 
-        // Handle barrel-button tool overrides (eyedropper / eraser held on the pen).
-        self.handle_button_tool_override(current_tool);
-
         // Publish globals for make_stroke_point().
         set_pressure(self.pressure);
         let (tx, ty) = self.tilt;
@@ -352,8 +267,6 @@ impl TabletInput {
             RawTabletEvent::ProximityOut => {
                 self.in_proximity = false;
                 self.pressure = 0.0;
-                // Don't let a button stay latched if the pen leaves while it's held.
-                TABLET_BUTTONS.store(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
             }
             RawTabletEvent::Motion { x, y } => {
                 // Wayland gives physical pixels; convert to egui logical points.
@@ -376,14 +289,6 @@ impl TabletInput {
             RawTabletEvent::TipUp => {
                 self.tip_down = Some(false);
             }
-            RawTabletEvent::Button { button, pressed } => {
-                let bit = button_bit(button);
-                if pressed {
-                    TABLET_BUTTONS.fetch_or(bit, Ordering::Relaxed);
-                } else {
-                    TABLET_BUTTONS.fetch_and(!bit, Ordering::Relaxed);
-                }
-            }
             RawTabletEvent::Frame => {
                 // Frame is the commit signal; processing already happened in individual events.
             }
@@ -413,39 +318,6 @@ impl TabletInput {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Barrel buttons bound to Eyedropper/Erase act as a spring-loaded tool override: switch
-    /// while held, restore on release. Pan is handled by the stage instead, since it needs the
-    /// drag delta rather than a tool.
-    fn handle_button_tool_override(&mut self, current_tool: Tool) {
-        let buttons = TABLET_BUTTONS.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-        if buttons == self.prev_buttons {
-            return;
-        }
-        self.prev_buttons = buttons;
-
-        let override_tool = active_button_action().and_then(|a| match a {
-            TabletButtonAction::Eyedropper => Some(Tool::Eyedropper),
-            TabletButtonAction::Erase => Some(Tool::Erase),
-            TabletButtonAction::Pan | TabletButtonAction::None => None,
-        });
-
-        match (override_tool, self.tool_before_button) {
-            // Button pressed: remember the tool we're overriding, then switch.
-            (Some(tool), None) => {
-                if current_tool != tool {
-                    self.tool_before_button = Some(current_tool);
-                    self.pending_tool_switch = Some(tool);
-                }
-            }
-            // Button released: restore.
-            (None, Some(prev)) => {
-                self.tool_before_button = None;
-                self.pending_tool_switch = Some(prev);
-            }
-            _ => {}
-        }
-    }
-
     fn handle_tool_switch(&mut self, current_tool: Tool) {
         let just_entered = self.in_proximity && !self.was_in_proximity;
         let just_left = !self.in_proximity && self.was_in_proximity;
@@ -471,7 +343,7 @@ impl TabletInput {
 
 #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
 mod wayland {
-    use super::{RawTabletEvent, TabletButton, TabletToolType};
+    use super::{RawTabletEvent, TabletToolType};
     use eframe::egui;
     use std::collections::HashMap;
     use std::sync::mpsc;
@@ -573,7 +445,6 @@ mod wayland {
         pending_motion: bool,
         pending_tip: Option<bool>,
         pending_proximity: Option<bool>,
-        pending_buttons: Vec<(TabletButton, bool)>,
     }
 
     // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -714,20 +585,7 @@ mod wayland {
                 Event::Tilt { tilt_x, tilt_y } => {
                     acc.pending_tilt = (tilt_x as f32, tilt_y as f32);
                 }
-                Event::Button { button, state: btn_state, .. } => {
-                    // `button` is a Linux evdev code (BTN_STYLUS / BTN_STYLUS2).
-                    if let Some(b) = TabletButton::from_evdev(button) {
-                        let pressed = matches!(
-                            btn_state.into_result(),
-                            Ok(zwp_tablet_tool_v2::ButtonState::Pressed)
-                        );
-                        acc.pending_buttons.push((b, pressed));
-                    }
-                }
                 Event::Frame { .. } => {
-                    for (b, pressed) in acc.pending_buttons.drain(..) {
-                        let _ = state.tx.send(RawTabletEvent::Button { button: b, pressed });
-                    }
                     // Flush accumulated events to the channel.
                     if let Some(prox) = acc.pending_proximity.take() {
                         if prox {
@@ -772,7 +630,7 @@ mod wayland {
 
 #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
 mod x11 {
-    use super::{RawTabletEvent, TabletButton, TabletToolType};
+    use super::{RawTabletEvent, TabletToolType};
     use std::sync::mpsc;
     use winit::raw_window_handle::{XcbDisplayHandle, XlibDisplayHandle};
 
@@ -1022,44 +880,17 @@ mod x11 {
                 }
 
                 Event::XinputRawButtonPress(raw) => {
-                    if device_axes.contains_key(&raw.deviceid) {
-                        // X11 reports the tip as button 1 and the barrel buttons as 2 and 3.
-                        match raw.detail {
-                            1 => {
-                                let _ = tx.send(RawTabletEvent::TipDown);
-                                let _ = tx.send(RawTabletEvent::Frame);
-                            }
-                            2 | 3 => {
-                                let button = if raw.detail == 2 {
-                                    TabletButton::Lower
-                                } else {
-                                    TabletButton::Upper
-                                };
-                                let _ = tx.send(RawTabletEvent::Button { button, pressed: true });
-                                let _ = tx.send(RawTabletEvent::Frame);
-                            }
-                            _ => {}
-                        }
+                    if device_axes.contains_key(&raw.deviceid) && raw.detail == 1 {
+                        let _ = tx.send(RawTabletEvent::TipDown);
+                        let _ = tx.send(RawTabletEvent::Frame);
                     }
                 }
 
                 Event::XinputRawButtonRelease(raw) => {
                     if device_axes.contains_key(&raw.deviceid) {
-                        match raw.detail {
-                            1 => {
-                                let _ = tx.send(RawTabletEvent::TipUp);
-                                let _ = tx.send(RawTabletEvent::Frame);
-                            }
-                            2 | 3 => {
-                                let button = if raw.detail == 2 {
-                                    TabletButton::Lower
-                                } else {
-                                    TabletButton::Upper
-                                };
-                                let _ = tx.send(RawTabletEvent::Button { button, pressed: false });
-                                let _ = tx.send(RawTabletEvent::Frame);
-                            }
-                            _ => {}
+                        if raw.detail == 1 {
+                            let _ = tx.send(RawTabletEvent::TipUp);
+                            let _ = tx.send(RawTabletEvent::Frame);
                         }
                         // When all buttons released, synthesise proximity out.
                         in_proximity.remove(&raw.deviceid);

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/tools/blur_sharpen.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-use super::{BrushKind, RasterToolDef, RasterToolSettings};
+use super::{BrushParams, RasterToolDef, RasterToolSettings};
 use eframe::egui;
-use lightningbeam_core::raster_layer::RasterBlendMode;
+use lightningbeam_core::{brush_settings::BrushSettings, raster_layer::RasterBlendMode};
 
 pub struct BlurSharpenTool;
 pub static BLUR_SHARPEN: BlurSharpenTool = BlurSharpenTool;
@@ -8,11 +8,19 @@ pub static BLUR_SHARPEN: BlurSharpenTool = BlurSharpenTool;
 impl RasterToolDef for BlurSharpenTool {
     fn blend_mode(&self) -> RasterBlendMode { RasterBlendMode::BlurSharpen }
     fn header_label(&self) -> &'static str { "Blur / Sharpen" }
-    fn brush_kind(&self) -> BrushKind { BrushKind::BlurSharpen }
+    fn brush_params(&self, s: &RasterToolSettings) -> BrushParams {
+        BrushParams {
+            base_settings: BrushSettings::default(),
+            radius: s.blur_sharpen_radius,
+            opacity: s.blur_sharpen_strength,
+            hardness: s.blur_sharpen_hardness,
+            spacing: s.blur_sharpen_spacing,
+        }
+    }
     fn tool_params(&self, s: &RasterToolSettings) -> [f32; 4] {
         [s.blur_sharpen_mode as f32, s.blur_sharpen_kernel, 0.0, 0.0]
     }
-    fn strength_label(&self) -> &'static str { "Strength" }
+    fn show_brush_preset_picker(&self) -> bool { false }
     fn render_ui(&self, ui: &mut egui::Ui, s: &mut RasterToolSettings) {
         ui.horizontal(|ui| {
             if ui.selectable_label(s.blur_sharpen_mode == 0, "Blur").clicked() {
@@ -22,11 +30,31 @@ impl RasterToolDef for BlurSharpenTool {
                 s.blur_sharpen_mode = 1;
             }
         });
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            ui.label("Size:");
+            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut s.blur_sharpen_radius, 1.0_f32..=500.0).logarithmic(true).suffix(" px"));
+        });
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            ui.label("Strength:");
+            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut s.blur_sharpen_strength, 0.0_f32..=1.0)
+                .custom_formatter(|v, _| format!("{:.0}%", v * 100.0)));
+        });
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            ui.label("Hardness:");
+            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut s.blur_sharpen_hardness, 0.0_f32..=1.0)
+                .custom_formatter(|v, _| format!("{:.0}%", v * 100.0)));
+        });
         ui.horizontal(|ui| {
             ui.label("Kernel:");
             ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut s.blur_sharpen_kernel, 1.0_f32..=20.0)
                 .logarithmic(true)
                 .custom_formatter(|v, _| format!("{:.1} px", v)));
         });
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            ui.label("Spacing:");
+            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut s.blur_sharpen_spacing, 0.5_f32..=20.0)
+                .logarithmic(true)
+                .custom_formatter(|v, _| format!("{:.1}", v)));
+        });
     }
 }

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/tools/clone_stamp.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use super::{BrushKind, RasterToolDef, RasterToolSettings};
+use super::{BrushParams, RasterToolDef, RasterToolSettings};
 use eframe::egui;
 use lightningbeam_core::raster_layer::RasterBlendMode;
 
@@ -8,7 +8,15 @@ pub static CLONE_STAMP: CloneStampTool = CloneStampTool;
 impl RasterToolDef for CloneStampTool {
     fn blend_mode(&self) -> RasterBlendMode { RasterBlendMode::CloneStamp }
     fn header_label(&self) -> &'static str { "Clone Stamp" }
-    fn brush_kind(&self) -> BrushKind { BrushKind::CloneStamp }
+    fn brush_params(&self, s: &RasterToolSettings) -> BrushParams {
+        BrushParams {
+            base_settings: s.active_brush_settings.clone(),
+            radius: s.brush_radius,
+            opacity: s.brush_opacity,
+            hardness: s.brush_hardness,
+            spacing: s.brush_spacing,
+        }
+    }
     /// For Clone Stamp, tool_params are filled by stage.rs at stroke-start time
     /// (offset = clone_source - stroke_start), not from settings directly.
     fn tool_params(&self, _s: &RasterToolSettings) -> [f32; 4] { [0.0; 4] }

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/tools/dodge_burn.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-use super::{BrushKind, RasterToolDef, RasterToolSettings};
+use super::{BrushParams, RasterToolDef, RasterToolSettings};
 use eframe::egui;
-use lightningbeam_core::raster_layer::RasterBlendMode;
+use lightningbeam_core::{brush_settings::BrushSettings, raster_layer::RasterBlendMode};
 
 pub struct DodgeBurnTool;
 pub static DODGE_BURN: DodgeBurnTool = DodgeBurnTool;
@@ -8,11 +8,19 @@ pub static DODGE_BURN: DodgeBurnTool = DodgeBurnTool;
 impl RasterToolDef for DodgeBurnTool {
     fn blend_mode(&self) -> RasterBlendMode { RasterBlendMode::DodgeBurn }
     fn header_label(&self) -> &'static str { "Dodge / Burn" }
-    fn brush_kind(&self) -> BrushKind { BrushKind::DodgeBurn }
+    fn brush_params(&self, s: &RasterToolSettings) -> BrushParams {
+        BrushParams {
+            base_settings: BrushSettings::default(),
+            radius: s.dodge_burn_radius,
+            opacity: s.dodge_burn_exposure,
+            hardness: s.dodge_burn_hardness,
+            spacing: s.dodge_burn_spacing,
+        }
+    }
     fn tool_params(&self, s: &RasterToolSettings) -> [f32; 4] {
         [s.dodge_burn_mode as f32, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
     }
-    fn strength_label(&self) -> &'static str { "Exposure" }
+    fn show_brush_preset_picker(&self) -> bool { false }
     fn render_ui(&self, ui: &mut egui::Ui, s: &mut RasterToolSettings) {
         ui.horizontal(|ui| {
             if ui.selectable_label(s.dodge_burn_mode == 0, "Dodge").clicked() {
@@ -22,5 +30,25 @@ impl RasterToolDef for DodgeBurnTool {
                 s.dodge_burn_mode = 1;
             }
         });
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            ui.label("Size:");
+            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut s.dodge_burn_radius, 1.0_f32..=500.0).logarithmic(true).suffix(" px"));
+        });
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            ui.label("Exposure:");
+            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut s.dodge_burn_exposure, 0.0_f32..=1.0)
+                .custom_formatter(|v, _| format!("{:.0}%", v * 100.0)));
+        });
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            ui.label("Hardness:");
+            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut s.dodge_burn_hardness, 0.0_f32..=1.0)
+                .custom_formatter(|v, _| format!("{:.0}%", v * 100.0)));
+        });
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            ui.label("Spacing:");
+            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut s.dodge_burn_spacing, 0.5_f32..=20.0)
+                .logarithmic(true)
+                .custom_formatter(|v, _| format!("{:.1}", v)));
+        });
     }
 }

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/tools/erase.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-use super::{BrushKind, RasterToolDef};
+use super::{BrushParams, RasterToolDef, RasterToolSettings};
+use eframe::egui;
 use lightningbeam_core::raster_layer::RasterBlendMode;
 
 pub struct EraseTool;
@@ -7,6 +8,16 @@ pub static ERASE: EraseTool = EraseTool;
 impl RasterToolDef for EraseTool {
     fn blend_mode(&self) -> RasterBlendMode { RasterBlendMode::Erase }
     fn header_label(&self) -> &'static str { "Eraser" }
-    fn brush_kind(&self) -> BrushKind { BrushKind::Erase }
-    fn tool_params(&self, _s: &super::RasterToolSettings) -> [f32; 4] { [0.0; 4] }
+    fn brush_params(&self, s: &RasterToolSettings) -> BrushParams {
+        BrushParams {
+            base_settings: s.active_eraser_settings.clone(),
+            radius: s.eraser_radius,
+            opacity: s.eraser_opacity,
+            hardness: s.eraser_hardness,
+            spacing: s.eraser_spacing,
+        }
+    }
+    fn tool_params(&self, _s: &RasterToolSettings) -> [f32; 4] { [0.0; 4] }
+    fn is_eraser(&self) -> bool { true }
+    fn render_ui(&self, _ui: &mut egui::Ui, _s: &mut RasterToolSettings) {}
 }

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/tools/healing_brush.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use super::{BrushKind, RasterToolDef, RasterToolSettings};
+use super::{BrushParams, RasterToolDef, RasterToolSettings};
 use eframe::egui;
 use lightningbeam_core::raster_layer::RasterBlendMode;
 
@@ -8,7 +8,15 @@ pub static HEALING_BRUSH: HealingBrushTool = HealingBrushTool;
 impl RasterToolDef for HealingBrushTool {
     fn blend_mode(&self) -> RasterBlendMode { RasterBlendMode::Healing }
     fn header_label(&self) -> &'static str { "Healing Brush" }
-    fn brush_kind(&self) -> BrushKind { BrushKind::HealingBrush }
+    fn brush_params(&self, s: &RasterToolSettings) -> BrushParams {
+        BrushParams {
+            base_settings: s.active_brush_settings.clone(),
+            radius: s.brush_radius,
+            opacity: s.brush_opacity,
+            hardness: s.brush_hardness,
+            spacing: s.brush_spacing,
+        }
+    }
     /// tool_params are filled by stage.rs at stroke-start time (clone offset).
     fn tool_params(&self, _s: &RasterToolSettings) -> [f32; 4] { [0.0; 4] }
     fn uses_alt_click(&self) -> bool { true }

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/tools/mod.rs

@@ -2,17 +2,12 @@
 ///
 /// Each tool implements `RasterToolDef`. Adding a new tool requires:
 ///   1. A new file in this directory implementing `RasterToolDef`.
-///   2. A `BrushKind` variant (if it paints dabs) and one entry in `raster_tool_def()` below.
+///   2. One entry in `raster_tool_def()` below.
 ///   3. Core changes: `RasterBlendMode` variant, `brush_engine.rs` constant, WGSL branch.
-///
-/// Every dab-painting tool owns a `BrushSlot`: its own size/strength/hardness/spacing, its own
-/// brush from the shared `.myb` library, and its own FG/BG color choice. The blend mode is what
-/// makes a tool a brush vs. an eraser vs. dodge/burn — the brush shape is orthogonal, so all of
-/// them get the same library and the same controls.
 
 use eframe::egui;
 use lightningbeam_core::{
-    brush_settings::{bundled_brushes, BrushSettings},
+    brush_settings::BrushSettings,
     raster_layer::RasterBlendMode,
     tool::Tool,
 };
@@ -27,86 +22,6 @@ pub mod dodge_burn;
 pub mod sponge;
 pub mod blur_sharpen;
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Brush slots — one per dab-painting tool
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/// Identifies a tool's brush slot. Each slot remembers its own brush independently, so
-/// switching from Dodge to Sponge doesn't clobber either one's size or preset.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub enum BrushKind {
-    Paint,
-    Erase,
-    Smudge,
-    CloneStamp,
-    HealingBrush,
-    PatternStamp,
-    DodgeBurn,
-    Sponge,
-    BlurSharpen,
-}
-
-impl BrushKind {
-    fn index(self) -> usize {
-        match self {
-            BrushKind::Paint => 0,
-            BrushKind::Erase => 1,
-            BrushKind::Smudge => 2,
-            BrushKind::CloneStamp => 3,
-            BrushKind::HealingBrush => 4,
-            BrushKind::PatternStamp => 5,
-            BrushKind::DodgeBurn => 6,
-            BrushKind::Sponge => 7,
-            BrushKind::BlurSharpen => 8,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// One tool's brush: the shared controls every dab-painting tool has.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct BrushSlot {
-    pub radius: f32,
-    /// What this means is per-tool — opacity, exposure, flow, strength. The label comes from
-    /// [`RasterToolDef::strength_label`].
-    pub strength: f32,
-    pub hardness: f32,
-    pub spacing: f32,
-    /// The brush shape, from the bundled `.myb` library.
-    pub settings: BrushSettings,
-    /// Index into `bundled_brushes()` of the selected preset, if any.
-    pub preset: Option<usize>,
-    /// Added to the preset's `elliptical_dab_angle` (degrees), so stock brushes can be
-    /// re-oriented without editing the file.
-    pub angle_offset: f32,
-    /// true = paint with the FG (stroke) color, false = BG (fill). Ignored when the tool
-    /// doesn't use a color (see [`RasterToolDef::uses_color`]).
-    pub use_fg: bool,
-}
-
-impl BrushSlot {
-    fn new(radius: f32, strength: f32, hardness: f32, spacing: f32) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            radius,
-            strength,
-            hardness,
-            spacing,
-            settings: BrushSettings::default(),
-            preset: None,
-            angle_offset: 0.0,
-            use_fg: true,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Adopt a brush preset, pulling its opacity/hardness/spacing along with the shape.
-    pub fn apply_preset(&mut self, index: usize, settings: &BrushSettings) {
-        self.preset = Some(index);
-        self.strength = settings.opaque.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
-        self.hardness = settings.hardness.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
-        self.spacing = settings.dabs_per_radius;
-        self.settings = settings.clone();
-    }
-}
-
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Shared settings struct (replaces 20+ individual SharedPaneState / EditorApp fields)
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -114,8 +29,25 @@ impl BrushSlot {
 /// All per-tool settings for raster painting.  Owned by `EditorApp`; borrowed
 /// by `SharedPaneState` as a single `&'a mut RasterToolSettings`.
 pub struct RasterToolSettings {
-    /// Per-tool brush state, indexed by `BrushKind`.
-    brushes: [BrushSlot; 9],
+    // --- Paint brush ---
+    pub brush_radius: f32,
+    pub brush_opacity: f32,
+    pub brush_hardness: f32,
+    pub brush_spacing: f32,
+    /// true = paint with FG (stroke) color, false = BG (fill) color
+    pub brush_use_fg: bool,
+    pub active_brush_settings: BrushSettings,
+    // --- Eraser ---
+    pub eraser_radius: f32,
+    pub eraser_opacity: f32,
+    pub eraser_hardness: f32,
+    pub eraser_spacing: f32,
+    pub active_eraser_settings: BrushSettings,
+    // --- Smudge ---
+    pub smudge_radius: f32,
+    pub smudge_hardness: f32,
+    pub smudge_spacing: f32,
+    pub smudge_strength: f32,
     // --- Clone / Healing ---
     /// World-space source point set by Alt+click.
     pub clone_source: Option<egui::Vec2>,
@@ -123,12 +55,24 @@ pub struct RasterToolSettings {
     pub pattern_type: u32,
     pub pattern_scale: f32,
     // --- Dodge / Burn ---
+    pub dodge_burn_radius: f32,
+    pub dodge_burn_hardness: f32,
+    pub dodge_burn_spacing: f32,
+    pub dodge_burn_exposure: f32,
     /// 0 = dodge (lighten), 1 = burn (darken)
     pub dodge_burn_mode: u32,
     // --- Sponge ---
+    pub sponge_radius: f32,
+    pub sponge_hardness: f32,
+    pub sponge_spacing: f32,
+    pub sponge_flow: f32,
     /// 0 = saturate, 1 = desaturate
     pub sponge_mode: u32,
     // --- Blur / Sharpen ---
+    pub blur_sharpen_radius: f32,
+    pub blur_sharpen_hardness: f32,
+    pub blur_sharpen_spacing: f32,
+    pub blur_sharpen_strength: f32,
     /// Neighborhood kernel radius in canvas pixels (1–20)
     pub blur_sharpen_kernel: f32,
     /// 0 = blur, 1 = sharpen
@@ -143,7 +87,7 @@ pub struct RasterToolSettings {
     // --- Quick Select ---
     /// Brush radius in canvas pixels for the quick-select tool.
     pub quick_select_radius: f32,
-    // --- Flood fill (Paint Bucket) ---
+    // --- Flood fill (Paint Bucket, raster) ---
     /// Color-distance threshold (Euclidean RGBA, 0–510). Pixels within this
     /// distance of the comparison color are included in the fill.
     pub fill_threshold: f32,
@@ -152,11 +96,6 @@ pub struct RasterToolSettings {
     /// Whether to compare each pixel to the seed pixel (Absolute) or to its BFS
     /// parent pixel (Relative, spreads across gradients).
     pub fill_threshold_mode: FillThresholdMode,
-    /// true = fill with the FG (stroke) color, false = BG (fill). Mirrors `BrushSlot::use_fg`.
-    pub fill_use_fg: bool,
-    // --- Eyedropper ---
-    /// true = sampled color replaces the FG (stroke) swatch, false = the BG (fill) swatch.
-    pub eyedropper_use_fg: bool,
     // --- Marquee select shape ---
     /// Whether the rectangular select tool draws a rect or an ellipse.
     pub select_shape: SelectionShape,
@@ -170,16 +109,10 @@ pub struct RasterToolSettings {
     // --- Gradient ---
     pub gradient: lightningbeam_core::gradient::ShapeGradient,
     pub gradient_opacity: f32,
-}
-
-impl RasterToolSettings {
-    pub fn brush(&self, kind: BrushKind) -> &BrushSlot {
-        &self.brushes[kind.index()]
-    }
-
-    pub fn brush_mut(&mut self, kind: BrushKind) -> &mut BrushSlot {
-        &mut self.brushes[kind.index()]
-    }
+    // --- Brush rotation offset ---
+    /// User-controlled angle offset added to the brush's elliptical_dab_angle (degrees).
+    /// Lets the user re-orient stock .myb brushes without editing the file.
+    pub brush_angle_offset: f32,
 }
 
 /// Brush mode for the Liquify tool.
@@ -225,32 +158,43 @@ pub enum FillThresholdMode {
 
 impl Default for RasterToolSettings {
     fn default() -> Self {
-        // The eraser defaults to the bundled "Brush" shape rather than a bare Gaussian.
-        let mut erase = BrushSlot::new(10.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.1);
-        if let Some(idx) = bundled_brushes().iter().position(|p| p.name == "Brush") {
-            erase.apply_preset(idx, &bundled_brushes()[idx].settings);
-            // Keep the eraser's own size/opacity rather than the preset's.
-            erase.radius = 10.0;
-            erase.strength = 1.0;
-        }
-
         Self {
-            brushes: [
-                /* Paint        */ BrushSlot::new(10.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.1),
-                /* Erase        */ erase,
-                /* Smudge       */ BrushSlot::new(15.0, 1.0, 0.8, 8.0),
-                /* CloneStamp   */ BrushSlot::new(10.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.1),
-                /* HealingBrush */ BrushSlot::new(10.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.1),
-                /* PatternStamp */ BrushSlot::new(10.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.1),
-                /* DodgeBurn    */ BrushSlot::new(30.0, 0.5, 0.5, 3.0),
-                /* Sponge       */ BrushSlot::new(30.0, 0.5, 0.5, 3.0),
-                /* BlurSharpen  */ BrushSlot::new(30.0, 0.5, 0.5, 3.0),
-            ],
+            brush_radius: 10.0,
+            brush_opacity: 1.0,
+            brush_hardness: 0.5,
+            brush_spacing: 0.1,
+            brush_use_fg: true,
+            active_brush_settings: BrushSettings::default(),
+            eraser_radius: 10.0,
+            eraser_opacity: 1.0,
+            eraser_hardness: 0.5,
+            eraser_spacing: 0.1,
+            active_eraser_settings: lightningbeam_core::brush_settings::bundled_brushes()
+                .iter()
+                .find(|p| p.name == "Brush")
+                .map(|p| p.settings.clone())
+                .unwrap_or_default(),
+            smudge_radius: 15.0,
+            smudge_hardness: 0.8,
+            smudge_spacing: 8.0,
+            smudge_strength: 1.0,
             clone_source: None,
             pattern_type: 0,
             pattern_scale: 32.0,
+            dodge_burn_radius: 30.0,
+            dodge_burn_hardness: 0.5,
+            dodge_burn_spacing: 3.0,
+            dodge_burn_exposure: 0.5,
             dodge_burn_mode: 0,
+            sponge_radius: 30.0,
+            sponge_hardness: 0.5,
+            sponge_spacing: 3.0,
+            sponge_flow: 0.5,
             sponge_mode: 0,
+            blur_sharpen_radius: 30.0,
+            blur_sharpen_hardness: 0.5,
+            blur_sharpen_spacing: 3.0,
+            blur_sharpen_strength: 0.5,
             blur_sharpen_kernel: 5.0,
             blur_sharpen_mode: 0,
             wand_threshold: 15.0,
@@ -259,8 +203,6 @@ impl Default for RasterToolSettings {
             fill_threshold: 15.0,
             fill_softness: 0.0,
             fill_threshold_mode: FillThresholdMode::Absolute,
-            fill_use_fg: true,
-            eyedropper_use_fg: true,
             quick_select_radius: 20.0,
             select_shape: SelectionShape::Rect,
             warp_grid_cols: 4,
@@ -270,6 +212,7 @@ impl Default for RasterToolSettings {
             liquify_strength: 0.5,
             gradient:         lightningbeam_core::gradient::ShapeGradient::default(),
             gradient_opacity: 1.0,
+            brush_angle_offset: 0.0,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -286,21 +229,6 @@ pub struct BrushParams {
     pub spacing: f32,
 }
 
-/// Read a slot straight into `BrushParams`. This is what `RasterToolDef::brush_params` does by
-/// default; it's a free function so a tool that overrides `brush_params` can still build on it.
-pub fn default_brush_params(kind: BrushKind, s: &RasterToolSettings) -> BrushParams {
-    let slot = s.brush(kind);
-    let mut base_settings = slot.settings.clone();
-    base_settings.elliptical_dab_angle += slot.angle_offset;
-    BrushParams {
-        base_settings,
-        radius: slot.radius,
-        opacity: slot.strength,
-        hardness: slot.hardness,
-        spacing: slot.spacing,
-    }
-}
-
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // RasterToolDef trait
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -308,34 +236,19 @@ pub fn default_brush_params(kind: BrushKind, s: &RasterToolSettings) -> BrushPar
 pub trait RasterToolDef: Send + Sync {
     fn blend_mode(&self) -> RasterBlendMode;
     fn header_label(&self) -> &'static str;
-    /// Which brush slot this tool paints with.
-    fn brush_kind(&self) -> BrushKind;
+    fn brush_params(&self, s: &RasterToolSettings) -> BrushParams;
     /// Encode tool-specific state into the 4-float `StrokeRecord::tool_params`.
     fn tool_params(&self, s: &RasterToolSettings) -> [f32; 4];
-
-    /// Brush shape + size for this stroke. The default pulls everything from the tool's slot;
-    /// override only if a tool needs to reinterpret one of the fields (see `smudge`).
-    fn brush_params(&self, s: &RasterToolSettings) -> BrushParams {
-        default_brush_params(self.brush_kind(), s)
-    }
-
     /// Cursor display radius (world pixels).
     fn cursor_radius(&self, s: &RasterToolSettings) -> f32 {
         self.brush_params(s).radius
     }
-
-    /// Label for the slot's `strength` slider — the one field whose meaning is tool-specific.
-    fn strength_label(&self) -> &'static str { "Opacity" }
-
-    /// Render tool-specific controls in the infopanel. The shared brush controls (color, size,
-    /// strength, hardness, spacing, angle, preset library) are rendered around this by the
-    /// infopanel — only put genuinely tool-unique widgets here.
-    fn render_ui(&self, _ui: &mut egui::Ui, _s: &mut RasterToolSettings) {}
-
-    /// Whether this tool paints with the FG/BG color. False for tools that only transform
-    /// pixels already on the canvas (erase, smudge, dodge/burn, sponge, blur, clone, heal).
-    fn uses_color(&self) -> bool { false }
-
+    /// Render tool-specific controls in the infopanel (called before preset picker if any).
+    fn render_ui(&self, ui: &mut egui::Ui, s: &mut RasterToolSettings);
+    /// Whether to show the brush preset picker after `render_ui`.
+    fn show_brush_preset_picker(&self) -> bool { true }
+    /// Whether this tool is the eraser (drives preset picker + color UI visibility).
+    fn is_eraser(&self) -> bool { false }
     /// Whether Alt+click sets a source point for this tool.
     fn uses_alt_click(&self) -> bool { false }
 }

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/tools/paint.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-use super::{BrushKind, RasterToolDef};
+use super::{BrushParams, RasterToolDef, RasterToolSettings};
+use eframe::egui;
 use lightningbeam_core::raster_layer::RasterBlendMode;
 
 pub struct PaintTool;
@@ -7,7 +8,17 @@ pub static PAINT: PaintTool = PaintTool;
 impl RasterToolDef for PaintTool {
     fn blend_mode(&self) -> RasterBlendMode { RasterBlendMode::Normal }
     fn header_label(&self) -> &'static str { "Brush" }
-    fn brush_kind(&self) -> BrushKind { BrushKind::Paint }
-    fn tool_params(&self, _s: &super::RasterToolSettings) -> [f32; 4] { [0.0; 4] }
-    fn uses_color(&self) -> bool { true }
+    fn brush_params(&self, s: &RasterToolSettings) -> BrushParams {
+        let mut base_settings = s.active_brush_settings.clone();
+        base_settings.elliptical_dab_angle += s.brush_angle_offset;
+        BrushParams {
+            base_settings,
+            radius: s.brush_radius,
+            opacity: s.brush_opacity,
+            hardness: s.brush_hardness,
+            spacing: s.brush_spacing,
+        }
+    }
+    fn tool_params(&self, _s: &RasterToolSettings) -> [f32; 4] { [0.0; 4] }
+    fn render_ui(&self, _ui: &mut egui::Ui, _s: &mut RasterToolSettings) {}
 }

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/tools/pattern_stamp.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use super::{BrushKind, RasterToolDef, RasterToolSettings};
+use super::{BrushParams, RasterToolDef, RasterToolSettings};
 use eframe::egui;
 use lightningbeam_core::raster_layer::RasterBlendMode;
 
@@ -12,12 +12,18 @@ const PATTERN_NAMES: &[&str] = &[
 impl RasterToolDef for PatternStampTool {
     fn blend_mode(&self) -> RasterBlendMode { RasterBlendMode::PatternStamp }
     fn header_label(&self) -> &'static str { "Pattern Stamp" }
-    fn brush_kind(&self) -> BrushKind { BrushKind::PatternStamp }
+    fn brush_params(&self, s: &RasterToolSettings) -> BrushParams {
+        BrushParams {
+            base_settings: s.active_brush_settings.clone(),
+            radius: s.brush_radius,
+            opacity: s.brush_opacity,
+            hardness: s.brush_hardness,
+            spacing: s.brush_spacing,
+        }
+    }
     fn tool_params(&self, s: &RasterToolSettings) -> [f32; 4] {
         [s.pattern_type as f32, s.pattern_scale, 0.0, 0.0]
     }
-    /// The pattern is stamped in the brush color (see `brush_dab.wgsl`, blend mode 5).
-    fn uses_color(&self) -> bool { true }
     fn render_ui(&self, ui: &mut egui::Ui, s: &mut RasterToolSettings) {
         let selected_name = PATTERN_NAMES
             .get(s.pattern_type as usize)
@@ -38,5 +44,6 @@ impl RasterToolDef for PatternStampTool {
             ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut s.pattern_scale, 4.0_f32..=256.0)
                 .logarithmic(true).suffix(" px"));
         });
+        ui.add_space(4.0);
     }
 }

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/tools/smudge.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-use super::{BrushKind, BrushParams, RasterToolDef, RasterToolSettings};
-use lightningbeam_core::raster_layer::RasterBlendMode;
+use super::{BrushParams, RasterToolDef, RasterToolSettings};
+use eframe::egui;
+use lightningbeam_core::{brush_settings::BrushSettings, raster_layer::RasterBlendMode};
 
 pub struct SmudgeTool;
 pub static SMUDGE: SmudgeTool = SmudgeTool;
@@ -7,15 +8,37 @@ pub static SMUDGE: SmudgeTool = SmudgeTool;
 impl RasterToolDef for SmudgeTool {
     fn blend_mode(&self) -> RasterBlendMode { RasterBlendMode::Smudge }
     fn header_label(&self) -> &'static str { "Smudge" }
-    fn brush_kind(&self) -> BrushKind { BrushKind::Smudge }
-    fn tool_params(&self, _s: &RasterToolSettings) -> [f32; 4] { [0.0; 4] }
-    fn strength_label(&self) -> &'static str { "Strength" }
-
-    /// Smudge's slot `strength` drives the smudge distance (applied by the stage as
-    /// `smudge_radius_log`), not dab opacity — dabs always composite fully.
     fn brush_params(&self, s: &RasterToolSettings) -> BrushParams {
-        let mut p = super::default_brush_params(self.brush_kind(), s);
-        p.opacity = 1.0;
-        p
+        BrushParams {
+            base_settings: BrushSettings::default(),
+            radius: s.smudge_radius,
+            opacity: 1.0, // strength is a separate smudge_dist multiplier
+            hardness: s.smudge_hardness,
+            spacing: s.smudge_spacing,
+        }
+    }
+    fn tool_params(&self, _s: &RasterToolSettings) -> [f32; 4] { [0.0; 4] }
+    fn show_brush_preset_picker(&self) -> bool { false }
+    fn render_ui(&self, ui: &mut egui::Ui, s: &mut RasterToolSettings) {
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            ui.label("Size:");
+            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut s.smudge_radius, 1.0_f32..=200.0).logarithmic(true).suffix(" px"));
+        });
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            ui.label("Strength:");
+            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut s.smudge_strength, 0.0_f32..=1.0)
+                .custom_formatter(|v, _| format!("{:.0}%", v * 100.0)));
+        });
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            ui.label("Hardness:");
+            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut s.smudge_hardness, 0.0_f32..=1.0)
+                .custom_formatter(|v, _| format!("{:.0}%", v * 100.0)));
+        });
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            ui.label("Spacing:");
+            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut s.smudge_spacing, 0.5_f32..=20.0)
+                .logarithmic(true)
+                .custom_formatter(|v, _| format!("{:.1}", v)));
+        });
     }
 }

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/tools/sponge.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-use super::{BrushKind, RasterToolDef, RasterToolSettings};
+use super::{BrushParams, RasterToolDef, RasterToolSettings};
 use eframe::egui;
-use lightningbeam_core::raster_layer::RasterBlendMode;
+use lightningbeam_core::{brush_settings::BrushSettings, raster_layer::RasterBlendMode};
 
 pub struct SpongeTool;
 pub static SPONGE: SpongeTool = SpongeTool;
@@ -8,11 +8,19 @@ pub static SPONGE: SpongeTool = SpongeTool;
 impl RasterToolDef for SpongeTool {
     fn blend_mode(&self) -> RasterBlendMode { RasterBlendMode::Sponge }
     fn header_label(&self) -> &'static str { "Sponge" }
-    fn brush_kind(&self) -> BrushKind { BrushKind::Sponge }
+    fn brush_params(&self, s: &RasterToolSettings) -> BrushParams {
+        BrushParams {
+            base_settings: BrushSettings::default(),
+            radius: s.sponge_radius,
+            opacity: s.sponge_flow,
+            hardness: s.sponge_hardness,
+            spacing: s.sponge_spacing,
+        }
+    }
     fn tool_params(&self, s: &RasterToolSettings) -> [f32; 4] {
         [s.sponge_mode as f32, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
     }
-    fn strength_label(&self) -> &'static str { "Flow" }
+    fn show_brush_preset_picker(&self) -> bool { false }
     fn render_ui(&self, ui: &mut egui::Ui, s: &mut RasterToolSettings) {
         ui.horizontal(|ui| {
             if ui.selectable_label(s.sponge_mode == 0, "Saturate").clicked() {
@@ -22,5 +30,25 @@ impl RasterToolDef for SpongeTool {
                 s.sponge_mode = 1;
             }
         });
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            ui.label("Size:");
+            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut s.sponge_radius, 1.0_f32..=500.0).logarithmic(true).suffix(" px"));
+        });
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            ui.label("Flow:");
+            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut s.sponge_flow, 0.0_f32..=1.0)
+                .custom_formatter(|v, _| format!("{:.0}%", v * 100.0)));
+        });
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            ui.label("Hardness:");
+            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut s.sponge_hardness, 0.0_f32..=1.0)
+                .custom_formatter(|v, _| format!("{:.0}%", v * 100.0)));
+        });
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            ui.label("Spacing:");
+            ui.add(egui::Slider::new(&mut s.sponge_spacing, 0.5_f32..=20.0)
+                .logarithmic(true)
+                .custom_formatter(|v, _| format!("{:.1}", v)));
+        });
     }
 }

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/widgets/color_swatch.rs

@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-//! Shared color swatch + picker popup used by the toolbar FG/BG swatches and the
-//! gradient-stop editor.
-//!
-//! egui's default popup close behavior is `CloseOnClick`, which closes on a click *anywhere* —
-//! including on the picker's own hue/alpha bars. And `CloseOnClickOutside` only reacts to a
-//! click (press+release without movement), so painting a stroke on the stage — a drag — would
-//! leave the popup open. Both call sites want the same thing, so it lives here once.
-
-use eframe::egui;
-
-/// Show a color-picker popup anchored to `toggle_response`.
-///
-/// `swatch_rect` is excluded from the close-on-press check so the press that opens the popup
-/// doesn't immediately close it again.
-///
-/// Returns true if the color changed this frame.
-pub fn color_picker_popup(
-    ui: &mut egui::Ui,
-    popup_id: egui::Id,
-    toggle_response: &egui::Response,
-    color: &mut egui::Color32,
-    swatch_rect: egui::Rect,
-) -> bool {
-    let mut changed = false;
-
-    let popup_response = egui::containers::Popup::from_toggle_button_response(toggle_response)
-        .id(popup_id)
-        .close_behavior(egui::PopupCloseBehavior::CloseOnClickOutside)
-        .show(|ui| {
-            ui.spacing_mut().slider_width = 275.0;
-            changed = egui::color_picker::color_picker_color32(
-                ui,
-                color,
-                egui::color_picker::Alpha::OnlyBlend,
-            );
-        });
-
-    // Close on any pointer *press* outside the popup, not just a click, so that starting a
-    // brush stroke on the stage dismisses the picker.
-    if let Some(popup) = &popup_response {
-        let popup_rect = popup.response.rect;
-        let pressed_outside = ui.ctx().input(|i| {
-            i.pointer.any_pressed()
-                && i.pointer
-                    .interact_pos()
-                    .is_some_and(|p| !popup_rect.contains(p) && !swatch_rect.contains(p))
-        });
-        if pressed_outside {
-            egui::Popup::close_id(ui.ctx(), popup_id);
-        }
-    }
-
-    changed
-}
-
-/// A color button (checkerboard under the color, so alpha reads correctly) that opens a color
-/// picker popup when clicked. Returns true if the color changed this frame.
-pub fn color_swatch(
-    ui: &mut egui::Ui,
-    id: egui::Id,
-    rect: egui::Rect,
-    color: &mut egui::Color32,
-) -> bool {
-    let response = ui.interact(rect, id, egui::Sense::click());
-    draw_color_button(ui, rect, *color);
-    color_picker_popup(ui, id.with("picker_popup"), &response, color, rect)
-}
-
-/// Draw a color button with a checkerboard background so the alpha channel is visible.
-pub fn draw_color_button(ui: &mut egui::Ui, rect: egui::Rect, color: egui::Color32) {
-    let checker_size = 5.0;
-    let cols = (rect.width() / checker_size).ceil() as usize;
-    let rows = (rect.height() / checker_size).ceil() as usize;
-
-    for row in 0..rows {
-        for col in 0..cols {
-            let is_light = (row + col) % 2 == 0;
-            let checker_color = if is_light {
-                egui::Color32::from_gray(180)
-            } else {
-                egui::Color32::from_gray(120)
-            };
-            let checker_rect = egui::Rect::from_min_size(
-                egui::pos2(
-                    rect.min.x + col as f32 * checker_size,
-                    rect.min.y + row as f32 * checker_size,
-                ),
-                egui::vec2(checker_size, checker_size),
-            )
-            .intersect(rect);
-            ui.painter().rect_filled(checker_rect, 0.0, checker_color);
-        }
-    }
-
-    ui.painter().rect_filled(rect, 2.0, color);
-    ui.painter().rect_stroke(
-        rect,
-        2.0,
-        egui::Stroke::new(1.0, egui::Color32::from_gray(80)),
-        egui::StrokeKind::Middle,
-    );
-}

lightningbeam-ui/lightningbeam-editor/src/widgets/mod.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 //! Reusable UI widgets for the editor
 
 mod text_field;
-pub mod color_swatch;
 pub mod dropdown_list;
 
 pub use text_field::ImeTextField;