Keep menus alive for submenu interaction

A cursor painted into the egui scene is composited with the frame, so it
always trails the pointer by a frame or more. This adds a path to hand a
cursor image to the windowing system instead, where the compositor draws
it with no lag.

- egui: PlatformOutput::cursor_image + Context::set_cursor_image().
  CursorImage carries an id alongside the pixels so backends can detect
  "same cursor as last frame" without hashing or comparing the buffer.
- egui-winit: handle_platform_output() stashes the image;
  State::apply_pending_cursor_image() builds the winit CustomCursor and
  applies it. The split is necessary because winit only creates custom
  cursors from an ActiveEventLoop, which handle_platform_output has no
  access to. Rebuilds only when the id changes, and suppresses
  set_cursor_icon while a custom cursor is active so the two don't fight.
- eframe (wgpu): run_ui_and_paint already had the ActiveEventLoop and
  simply wasn't passing it down; now it does, and applies the cursor.
- eframe (web): ignore the new field for now; the web backend could
  express it as a CSS `cursor: url(...)`.

Supported by winit on X11, Wayland, Windows, macOS and Web. The glow
backend compiles unchanged but does not apply cursor images yet.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

crates/eframe/src/native/wgpu_integration.rs

@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ impl WinitApp for WgpuWinitApp<'_> {
         self.initialized_all_windows(event_loop);
 
         if let Some(running) = &mut self.running {
-            running.run_ui_and_paint(window_id)
+            running.run_ui_and_paint(event_loop, window_id)
         } else {
             Ok(EventResult::Wait)
         }
@@ -540,7 +540,11 @@ impl WgpuWinitRunning<'_> {
     }
 
     /// This is called both for the root viewport, and all deferred viewports
-    fn run_ui_and_paint(&mut self, window_id: WindowId) -> Result<EventResult> {
+    fn run_ui_and_paint(
+        &mut self,
+        event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop,
+        window_id: WindowId,
+    ) -> Result<EventResult> {
         profiling::function_scope!();
 
         let Some(viewport_id) = self
@@ -675,6 +679,9 @@ impl WgpuWinitRunning<'_> {
         };
 
         egui_winit.handle_platform_output(window, platform_output);
+        // Custom cursor images can only be created from an `ActiveEventLoop`, so they're applied
+        // here rather than inside `handle_platform_output`.
+        egui_winit.apply_pending_cursor_image(event_loop, window);
 
         let clipped_primitives = egui_ctx.tessellate(shapes, pixels_per_point);
 

crates/eframe/src/web/app_runner.rs

@@ -321,6 +321,7 @@ impl AppRunner {
         let egui::PlatformOutput {
             commands,
             cursor_icon,
+            cursor_image: _, // TODO: web could express this as a CSS `cursor: url(...)`
             events: _,                    // already handled
             mutable_text_under_cursor: _, // TODO(#4569): https://github.com/emilk/egui/issues/4569
             ime,

crates/egui-winit/src/lib.rs

@@ -85,6 +85,15 @@ pub struct State {
     any_pointer_button_down: bool,
     current_cursor_icon: Option<egui::CursorIcon>,
 
+    /// Custom cursor image requested by the app this frame, not yet applied.
+    ///
+    /// Applying it needs an `ActiveEventLoop` (that's where winit creates custom cursors), which
+    /// `handle_platform_output` doesn't have — so we stash it and let the integration call
+    /// [`State::apply_pending_cursor_image`] from somewhere that does.
+    pending_cursor_image: Option<Option<egui::CursorImage>>,
+    /// `id` of the custom cursor currently set on the window, so we only rebuild it on change.
+    current_cursor_image_id: Option<u64>,
+
     clipboard: clipboard::Clipboard,
 
     /// If `true`, mouse inputs will be treated as touches.
@@ -141,6 +150,8 @@ impl State {
             pointer_pos_in_points: None,
             any_pointer_button_down: false,
             current_cursor_icon: None,
+            pending_cursor_image: None,
+            current_cursor_image_id: None,
 
             clipboard: clipboard::Clipboard::new(
                 display_target.display_handle().ok().map(|h| h.as_raw()),
@@ -884,9 +895,11 @@ impl State {
                         let contents = contents.replace("\r\n", "\n");
                         if !contents.is_empty() {
                             self.egui_input.events.push(egui::Event::Paste(contents));
+                            return;
                         }
                     }
-                    return;
+                    // Clipboard is empty or unavailable — fall through to push a
+                    // Key event so the application can handle paste from its own cache.
                 }
             }
 
@@ -941,6 +954,7 @@ impl State {
         let egui::PlatformOutput {
             commands,
             cursor_icon,
+            cursor_image,
             events: _,                    // handled elsewhere
             mutable_text_under_cursor: _, // only used in eframe web
             ime,
@@ -964,7 +978,18 @@ impl State {
             }
         }
 
-        self.set_cursor_icon(window, cursor_icon);
+        // A custom cursor image, when set, *is* the cursor — don't also apply the icon, or we'd
+        // fight with it every frame. Stash it for `apply_pending_cursor_image`, which runs where
+        // an `ActiveEventLoop` is in scope.
+        if cursor_image.is_some() {
+            self.pending_cursor_image = Some(cursor_image);
+        } else {
+            if self.current_cursor_image_id.is_some() {
+                // Custom cursor was just cleared — go back to a normal icon.
+                self.pending_cursor_image = Some(None);
+            }
+            self.set_cursor_icon(window, cursor_icon);
+        }
 
         // When IME is disabled as a workaround for buggy systems, don't enable IME at all.
         // This ensures the system doesn't try to intercept keyboard input.
@@ -1013,6 +1038,56 @@ impl State {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Apply the custom cursor image requested by the last [`Self::handle_platform_output`].
+    ///
+    /// Must be called from somewhere with an `ActiveEventLoop` — winit only creates custom cursors
+    /// there. Cheap to call every frame: it's a no-op unless the image actually changed.
+    pub fn apply_pending_cursor_image(
+        &mut self,
+        event_loop: &winit::event_loop::ActiveEventLoop,
+        window: &Window,
+    ) {
+        let Some(pending) = self.pending_cursor_image.take() else {
+            return;
+        };
+
+        match pending {
+            Some(image) => {
+                if self.current_cursor_image_id == Some(image.id) {
+                    return; // Already set — rebuilding it every frame would be wasteful.
+                }
+
+                let source = winit::window::CustomCursor::from_rgba(
+                    image.rgba.as_ref().clone(),
+                    image.size.0,
+                    image.size.1,
+                    image.hotspot.0,
+                    image.hotspot.1,
+                );
+
+                match source {
+                    Ok(source) => {
+                        let cursor = event_loop.create_custom_cursor(source);
+                        window.set_cursor_visible(true);
+                        window.set_cursor(winit::window::Cursor::Custom(cursor));
+                        self.current_cursor_image_id = Some(image.id);
+                        // Force the next icon change to be re-applied, since the window is no
+                        // longer showing whatever icon `current_cursor_icon` claims.
+                        self.current_cursor_icon = None;
+                    }
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        log::warn!("Failed to build custom cursor: {err}");
+                        self.current_cursor_image_id = None;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            None => {
+                self.current_cursor_image_id = None;
+                self.current_cursor_icon = None; // Force the icon to be re-applied.
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     fn set_cursor_icon(&mut self, window: &Window, cursor_icon: egui::CursorIcon) {
         if self.current_cursor_icon == Some(cursor_icon) {
             // Prevent flickering near frame boundary when Windows OS tries to control cursor icon for window resizing.

crates/egui/src/containers/menu.rs

@@ -515,6 +515,13 @@ impl SubMenu {
                 content(ui)
             });
 
+        if let Some(_) = &popup_response {
+            // Keep the submenu alive so `from_id`'s staleness check doesn't close it.
+            // Without this, menus whose content has no further SubMenuButtons never update
+            // `last_visible_pass`, causing the parent to reset `open_item` after ~2 frames.
+            MenuState::mark_shown(ui.ctx(), id);
+        }
+
         if let Some(popup_response) = &popup_response {
             // If no child sub menu is open means we must be the deepest child sub menu.
             let is_deepest_submenu = MenuState::is_deepest_open_sub_menu(ui.ctx(), id);

crates/egui/src/context.rs

@@ -1514,6 +1514,15 @@ impl Context {
         self.output_mut(|o| o.cursor_icon = cursor_icon);
     }
 
+    /// Replace the mouse cursor with a custom image for this frame.
+    ///
+    /// This becomes the real OS cursor, so it is composited by the window system and does not lag
+    /// behind the pointer the way a cursor painted into the egui scene does. Pass `None` to go
+    /// back to the icon set by [`Self::set_cursor_icon`].
+    pub fn set_cursor_image(&self, cursor_image: Option<crate::CursorImage>) {
+        self.output_mut(|o| o.cursor_image = cursor_image);
+    }
+
     /// Add a command to [`PlatformOutput::commands`],
     /// for the integration to execute at the end of the frame.
     pub fn send_cmd(&self, cmd: crate::OutputCommand) {

crates/egui/src/data/output.rs

@@ -66,6 +66,34 @@ impl FullOutput {
     }
 }
 
+/// A custom mouse cursor image, handed to the windowing backend to become the real OS cursor.
+///
+/// Because the OS composites the cursor, this has none of the one-frame lag you get from painting
+/// a cursor into the egui scene.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+pub struct CursorImage {
+    /// Identifies this image. The backend recreates the OS cursor only when this changes, so the
+    /// pixels don't have to be compared (or even hashed) every frame.
+    pub id: u64,
+
+    /// Premultiplied-alpha RGBA8, `size.0 * size.1 * 4` bytes, row-major.
+    pub rgba: std::sync::Arc<Vec<u8>>,
+
+    /// Width and height in physical pixels.
+    pub size: (u16, u16),
+
+    /// The click point, in physical pixels from the image's top-left.
+    pub hotspot: (u16, u16),
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for CursorImage {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        // `id` identifies the pixels; comparing the buffers themselves would be pointless work.
+        self.id == other.id && self.size == other.size && self.hotspot == other.hotspot
+    }
+}
+
 /// Information about text being edited.
 ///
 /// Useful for IME.
@@ -113,6 +141,15 @@ pub struct PlatformOutput {
     /// Set the cursor to this icon.
     pub cursor_icon: CursorIcon,
 
+    /// Replace the mouse cursor with a custom image.
+    ///
+    /// Unlike drawing a cursor into the egui scene, this becomes the real OS cursor, so it is
+    /// composited by the window system and does not lag a frame behind the pointer.
+    ///
+    /// Takes precedence over [`Self::cursor_icon`] when set. Backends that do not support custom
+    /// cursors ignore this and fall back to `cursor_icon`.
+    pub cursor_image: Option<CursorImage>,
+
     /// Events that may be useful to e.g. a screen reader.
     pub events: Vec<OutputEvent>,
 
@@ -172,6 +209,7 @@ impl PlatformOutput {
         let Self {
             mut commands,
             cursor_icon,
+            cursor_image,
             mut events,
             mutable_text_under_cursor,
             ime,
@@ -183,6 +221,7 @@ impl PlatformOutput {
 
         self.commands.append(&mut commands);
         self.cursor_icon = cursor_icon;
+        self.cursor_image = cursor_image;
         self.events.append(&mut events);
         self.mutable_text_under_cursor = mutable_text_under_cursor;
         self.ime = ime.or(self.ime);

crates/egui/src/lib.rs

@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ pub use self::{
         Key, UserData,
         input::*,
         output::{
-            self, CursorIcon, FullOutput, OpenUrl, OutputCommand, PlatformOutput,
+            self, CursorIcon, CursorImage, FullOutput, OpenUrl, OutputCommand, PlatformOutput,
             UserAttentionType, WidgetInfo,
         },
     },